著者
船木 實 大槻 一枝 大野 正夫
出版者
日本応用藻類学会
雑誌
Algal Resources (ISSN:18833284)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.2, pp.29-47, 2021 (Released:2022-12-30)

In the years 1932-52, Yoshiro Otsuki, while living in China, investigated how to cultivate Saccharina japonica var. japonica (Makombu) and Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) in the Yellow Sea area in China. In 1938 he was able to develop a seeding method that could release numerous numbers of zoospores from mature Makombu and Wakame within several hours by stimulating the seaweed through partial drying of their thalli also known as “dry stimulation method ”. Consequently, he was able to establish the complete cultivation of Wakame using the raft cultivation method near the sea surface. However, Makombu has to be submerged on the seabed during the summer season because of too high temperature. Otsuki solved this problem by cultivating the gametophyte stage in the oligotrophic seawater below the sea surface and by this treatment, the gametophyte stage developed some form of resistance against environmental change. He was able to establish the complete cultivation technique of Makombu in 1952. However, he was not able to apply the technique in commercial scale in China as he had to return to Japan in 1953, just after being released from detention by the Chinese government. In Japan, he started the cultivation of Wakame in Onagawa, Miyagi Prefecture as soon as he returned home. This time he succeeded in the commercial cultivation of Wakame. Some Chinese researchers have evaluated his contribution to the establishment of cultivated technology of Makombu in Yellow Sea, where it does not grow naturally. Unfortunately, Otsuki's achievements have been almost unknown to the Japanese-both to the general public and the fishermen.
著者
齊藤 正彰
出版者
北海道大学大学院法学研究科
雑誌
北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.2, pp.41-53, 2022-07-29
著者
平田 渉 中島 淳 小山 彰彦 乾 隆帝
出版者
公益財団法人 宮城県伊豆沼・内沼環境保全財団
雑誌
伊豆沼・内沼研究報告 (ISSN:18819559)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, pp.17-22, 2023-07-11 (Released:2023-07-11)
参考文献数
7

これまで鹿児島県の1 ヶ所の生息地しか知られていなかったサツマキバナガミズギワゴミムシの 2 ヶ所目の生息地を発見した.これは熊本県からの初記録となる.また,両産地での生息環境を調査し,その環境構造の特徴を記録した.
著者
長谷川 麻衣子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本ペインクリニック学会
雑誌
日本ペインクリニック学会誌 (ISSN:13404903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.4, pp.301-307, 2017-10-25 (Released:2017-11-08)
参考文献数
27

炎症は,生体侵襲が加わった際に恒常性を維持するための,防御反応である.一方,痛みはさらなる侵襲を回避し治癒のために安静を促す,警告的な感覚である.炎症性疼痛は,炎症によって組織の侵害受容器が刺激を受けて生じる痛みであり,痛みの神経学的分類では侵害受容性疼痛に含まれる.術後早期の創部痛のほか,筋膜や筋・骨格,内臓の炎症など,しばしば原因の除去が困難な慢性炎症を背景とする病態に伴うことが多い.このように“長期化する痛み”という前提で鎮痛の着地点を模索する場合,炎症性疼痛へのアプローチは,生体防御に不可欠な炎症反応と鎮痛を両立させるという,相反する介入を繰り返すことといえる.NSAIDs,オピオイド,局所麻酔薬などの鎮痛薬は抗炎症・免疫抑制作用を有するものが多く,鎮痛目的で炎症を抑えてしまうことにより炎症・治癒過程が遷延し,逆に痛みが慢性化する可能性が示唆されている.炎症性疼痛に用いる麻酔・鎮痛薬の作用機序と,鎮痛以外の薬理作用に関する最近の知見から,痛み以外のアウトカムについて概説する.
著者
小野塚 亮 淺見 知秀 東 宏一 三谷 繭子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画報告集 (ISSN:24364460)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.1, pp.134-138, 2023-06-09 (Released:2023-06-09)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1

まちづくりにおいて参加プレーヤーの固定化や多様な市民の参加を促す難しさといった問題点が指摘されている。そこで、栃木県小山市における住民参画型まちづくりプロジェクトを事例に、共創まちづくりデジタルプラットフォームへの利用意向を調査した。コミュニティエンパワーメントに関する理論から導かれた質問項目で半構造化インタビューを実施し、そのコーディング結果の示唆を一般化するためにアンケートを実施、統計分析を行った。その結果、デジタルプラットフォームは市民参加の裾野を広げるものであることが確かめられ、「地域につながりがあって行政と関わる意義を感じている人ほどデジタルプラットフォームを利用しやすい」、「コミュニティ感覚の低い利他的な人ほどデジタルプラットフォームを利用しやすい」という2つの命題が導かれた。
著者
Shuhei Ikeda Chika Sato Michiko Yamaguchi Hibiki Kanno Kazuya Okuizumi
出版者
The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology
雑誌
Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.4, pp.343-348, 2022-11-30 (Released:2022-11-30)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
2

This paper reports an effective and easy method to culture the ctenophore Bolinopsis mikado. Fifteen adult B. mikado individuals were maintained in a kreisel tank, and fertilized eggs, which were detected in the following days, were all raised together in the same tank. From the early development stage to day 13, the B. mikado cydippid larvae were only fed Artemia nauplii. The cydippid larvae were able to easily catch the Artemia nauplii excreted by adult B. mikado; therefore, they were considered capable of growing on excrement. Adult B. mikado individuals were removed from the tank when the cydippid larvae reached approximately 5 mm in length (day 14). The cydippid larvae were then transferred to a circular tank with a water spray chamber. Approximately 21 days after the early development stage, cydippid larvae had grown to lengths of approximately 20 mm and were then bred in the same manner up to the 5th generation. The greatest advantages of this culture method are that it is less cumbersome and only requires feeding and observation until the cydippid larvae attain a size that enables them to pursue live Artemia nauplii. Thus, damage to the living body due to water exchange and the labor involved are reduced, thereby allowing stable breeding of B. mikado.
著者
片桐,展子
出版者
東京動物學會
雑誌
動物学雑誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, no.2, 1983-06-25

Cellular composition of the lens of the dorsal eye in Onchidium verruculatum (Opisthobranch, Gastropoda) was investigated by light microscope and the photoresponsiveness of the lens cells and their identities were examined by means of a fluorescent dye microelectrode technique. A pear-shaped lens located in the center of the dorsal eye was composed of several lens cells and ensheathed entirely with connective tissue. Number, shape, size and arrangement of constituent cells were considerably varied in individual lenses. In most lenses, an upper principal part and a lower accessory part could be distinguished, each of which was composed of a group of lens cells and surrounded by glia-like cells. The principal part with a flat bottom contained 1-8 cells and occupied more than half of the lens, beneath which the accessory part containing 0-9 cells adjoined and formed the spherical bottom of the whole lens. The size of the lens was almost linearly related to that of the dorsal eye itself, and it was noted that the larger the lens, the more complex the cell composition. In 63% of the lenses, the principal part was formed by a single large lens cell. Occasionally, free lens cells occurred outside the lens proper. All the lens cells, independent of their location, were provided with rhabdomerric microvilli and responded to light with a characteristic pattern of slow depolarization. It was suggested that lens cells in the Onchidium dorsal eye play double roles, that of a photoreceptor individually and of a dioptric apparatus en masse.
著者
Seval Yurtcicek OZAYDIN Ryosuke NISHIDA
出版者
The Society of Socio-Informatics
雑誌
Journal of Socio-Informatics (ISSN:18829171)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.17-32, 2021 (Released:2021-10-13)
参考文献数
37

Aiming to contribute to the debate whether the Internet and in particular social networks are leading to echo chambers of fragmented groups or to public sphere, this article investigates the dynamics of echo chambers of followers of Turkish political youth groups on Twitter. It focuses on two classes: Official youth organizations of ruling party and main opposition party, and one independent group. Retrieving over 40 million tweets of 30 thousand followers of these groups, 5.5 million interactions between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed. Strong echo chambers are found, and no weakening observed with a small-scale exception through cross-ideology exposure by individuals following two groups. The results are discussed along with the political lines and the independence level of the groups.
著者
市橋 則明 吉田 正樹
出版者
The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.5, pp.461-464, 1993-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
7 4

A study was conducted to determine the minimum quantity of leg exercise required to prevent disuse atrophy of the quadriceps femoris muscle during bed rest. The subjects were 10 normal young university students with a mean age of 21.1 years. First, analysis of rectified filtered electromyography (RFEMG) was performed on the rectus femoris and vastus medialis during walking with cadences of 100 steps/min and 150 steps/min. Then, the effects of straight leg raising (SLR), patella setting (PS), knee extension-flexion in a supine position (KEF) and knee extension in a sitting position (KE) were analysed for each muscle using the same method. Based on the value of RFEMG for each muscle during walking, the repetition number for each exercise was calculated. For the rectus femoris, the repetition number for each exercise corresponding to 10000 steps with a cadence of 100 steps/min was 289 for SLR, 466 for PS, 1255 for LEF and 1663 for KE. For the vastus medialis, the corresponding numbers were 1223, 381, 6367 and 2170, respectively. When the cadence increased to 150 steps/min, the repetition number of each exercise for each muscle also increased. These results indicate that high repetition exercise is recommendable to prevent disuse atrophy of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Therefore, the activity of patients should be increased to stimulate weakened muscles such as the quadriceps femoris during hospitalization.
著者
房家 正博 雨谷 敬史 松下 秀鶴 相馬 光之
出版者
Japan Society for Environmental Chemistry
雑誌
環境化学 (ISSN:09172408)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.4, pp.823-830, 1998-12-15 (Released:2010-05-31)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

空気清浄機を作動させた場合のオゾンの発生量と, 停止後の減衰についての検討を行った。市販の14種類の空気清浄機のうち, 電気集塵式やイオン式の機種の一部にオゾンの発生がみられた。オゾンの発生が認められた機種でも, その発生量は機種により異なり, 316μl/hr~5100μl/hrであった。このうち発生量の大きい機種を用いて, 夏と冬による発生量の違いや, 脱臭フィルターによる除去効果, 印加電圧による発生量の違い, および試験室と実際の室内でのオゾンの発生量と, 停止後の減衰の相違などについて調査した。この結果, 湿度の多い夏場や脱臭フィルターを装着した場合にオゾン発生量が低くなること, プラスの電圧で放電するよりもマイナスの電圧で放電する方がオゾン濃度が高くなることが認められた。さらに, オゾンは反応性に富んでいるため, チャンバーとくらべて実際の室内での濃度はかなり低くなること, 停止後の減衰もかなり早く進むことが認められた。また, 最大のオゾン発生量を示す機種では, 実際の室内でも一般環境基準の60ppbを超える濃度になることも認められた。