著者
間野 英二
出版者
京都大学
雑誌
京都大學文學部研究紀要 (ISSN:04529774)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, pp.347_a-189_a, 1983-03-30

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。
著者
中田 考
出版者
学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来
雑誌
オリエント (ISSN:00305219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.2, pp.66-82, 1996

In the history of Islamic legal thought, al-Juwaini's <i>al-Ghiyathi</i> is a unique work, because he devotes himself in its last chapter to dealing with the possibility of <i>Mappo</i> (borrowed from a Buddhist concept), the era of extinction of the <i>Shari'a</i>, not in an eschatological way but in a juristical way.<br>He says that the knowledge of the fundamentals of <i>Shari'a</i> will be lost among people after the disappearance of its legal authorities, <i>i. e.</i>, <i>mujtahids</i> and transmitters of <i>madhhabs</i>, which will occur after the disappearance of the political authorities, <i>i. e.</i>, caliphs and sultans.<br>According to his understanding, the extinction of the knowledge will happen not because of the lack and decrease of books, but because of the increase of hairsplitting debates and pedantic disputes which occupy so much the minds of people and students as to make them tired at last.<br>al-Juwaini compares Muslims in the era of extinction of the <i>Shari'a</i> with people whom the message of Islam has not reached. He concludes that, besides the beliefs in the unity of God and the prophethood of Muhammad, Muslim's sole obligation in such an era is to make himself ready for observance of the prescriptions of <i>Shari'a</i>, hoping to get to know them someday. Because there is no obligation without receiving the divine commandments according to the Ash'ari school to which al-Juwaini belongs.<br>In his opinion the details of the <i>Shari'a</i> can not be understood without guidance of its authorities. So the utmost which can be hoped in case the legal authorities as well as the political authorities have disappeared, is that individual muslims reconstruct the fundamentals of the <i>Shari'a</i> from the remaining writings on the subject and apply the fundamentals to their own situations.
著者
沢田 篤史 野呂 昌満
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.1_35-1_46, 2015-01-26 (Released:2015-03-26)

ソフトウェアアーキテクチャの設計結果は,開発対象であるソフトウェアシステムの完成時における機能や非機能に関する様々な特徴だけでなく,実装や検証,保守など,他の開発プロセスに多大な影響を及ぼす.高品質のシステムを開発するために,アーキテクチャ設計を支援する技術は重要である.また,システムの品質を適切に予測し,管理を可能とするためには,設計結果としてのアーキテクチャと,その設計過程において行われた判断を文書化することも重要である.長期間にわたって運用されるシステムにおいては,アーキテクチャ設計に関連する文書と,要求仕様,設計,実装などの他のソフトウェア構成要素との間の追跡可能性が求められる.本稿ではまず,高品質のソフトウェアシステム開発におけるソフトウェアアーキテクチャの重要性について解説する.アーキテクチャ設計と文書化に関連し,アーキテクチャスタイル,パターン,関心事,ビューなどの諸概念についてそれらの意味的関連も含めて説明する.さらに,アーキテクチャに関する設計判断の文書化技術,追跡性管理と知識管理の技術,それらを支援するツールの動向を解説する.
著者
神山 美奈子
出版者
名古屋学院大学総合研究所
雑誌
名古屋学院大学論集. 人文・自然科学篇 = Journal of Nagoya Gakuin University (ISSN:03850056)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.1, pp.55-67, 2018-07

1905年に滋賀県近江八幡市に来たW. M. ヴォーリズ(William Merrell Vories,一柳米来留)は,日本で建築事業と宣教事業に携わった。彼は,朝鮮半島にも146の建築作品を残していることが知られているが,それは日本が朝鮮半島を植民地支配している時期の作品であった。本論文は,ヴォーリズが植民地朝鮮をどのように認識していたのかについて残された史料と朝鮮人の弟子,姜沇との関係から究明する。さらに,ヴォーリズがみた植民地朝鮮理解の現代的意味を提示する。
著者
三村 衛 折井 友香 近藤 隆義
出版者
日本自然災害学会
雑誌
自然災害科学 (ISSN:02866021)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.2, pp.219-231, 2010

The geoinformatic database of Oaki Town, Toba City was developed by digitizing the written information of boring logs and 3-dimensional underground model has been developed based on the newly developed geoinformatic database. A serious uneven profile of bed rock overlain by the very soft clayey deposits is expected there. A new surveying procedure, called Mobile Mapping System; MMS, is introduced to monitor the 3-dimensional digital geographical data such as sets of latitude, longitude and elevation of each point of the target area. The monitoring data set provides a detailed distribution of settlement of Oaki Town. Based on this underground model, a series of finite element analyses was conducted to describe the actual differential settlement for the past 40 years. The calculated performance is validated by comparing with the present elevation of the original clay deposits checked by the newly conducted boring as well as the digital information through MMS. The newly developed system is found to be versatile and promising to support local governments to establish a policy for disaster mitigation.
著者
佐藤 理 岩井 裕 吉田 英生
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.871, pp.18-00365, 2019 (Released:2019-03-25)
参考文献数
18

The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical model of cross-flow heat exchangers with offset strip fins which are usually equipped in the aircraft air conditioning system (so called the environmental control system, ECS). The ECS mainly consists of four cross-flow heat exchanges, i.e., a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a reheater and a condenser. Because of the special requirements of the design for the aircraft, the primary and secondary heat exchangers are set adjoiningly; the reheater and the condenser are also set adjoingly. Therefore, in both the pairs, the effect of the temperature profile of the upstream component (the secondary heat exchanger or the reheater) on those of the downstream component (the primary heat exchanger or the condenser) should be taken into account for precise prediction of the system. To this end, a core element model was newly proposed in this study. In addition to the effect of temperature profile, phase changes (condensation and evaporation) of water included in the humid air simultaneously occur except for the primary heat exchanger. Regarding these phenomena, the method of sensible heat fraction (SHF) to convert the latent heat into the equivalent sensible heat was introduced, and the global and local SHF models were examined by comparison with the experiments. The prediction by these models were found to agree well with the actual performance of the ECS operations.
著者
上谷 香陽
出版者
文教大学
雑誌
文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.2, pp.1-20, 2018-01-31

The purpose of this paper is to examine the idea of Dorothy Smith’s institutional ethnography(IE) through reading her article “The Standard North American Family:SNAF as an Ideological Code”(Smith 1999:157-171).In her sociological investigation, Smith re-raised the classical sociological issue about therelationship between people’s local and particular experience and extra-local and general socialrelations. And she suggested an alternative sociology that explores how the everyday world ofpeople’s experience is put together by social relations that extend beyond the everyday world.The point of the “SNAF” article is to explore the operation of SNAF as‘ideological code’ withinwhat she called‘ruling relations’. Ruling relations are internally coordinated complex of administrative,managerial, professional, and discursive organization that regulates, organizers, governs, andcontrols our societies. Within these relations, SNAF code operates to coordinate multiple site throughtextually mediated discourses.In the “SNAF” article, ideological code is regarded as a constant generator of procedures forselecting syntax categories and vocabulary in the writing of formal texts and for interpreting sentences,written or spoken, ordered by it. Smith argues that SNAF-governed texts are ubiquitous and givediscursive body and substance to a version of The Family, and mask the actualities of people’s livesespecially when they do not accord with SNAF.Through examining the idea of Smith’s ‘textually mediated discourses’ and‘ideological code’, thispaper tries to develop the method of sociological inquiry into knowing the social from people’s actualeveryday world.
著者
上谷 香陽
出版者
文教大学
雑誌
文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.1-18, 2018-07-31

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the idea of the social organization of textual realities in Dorothy Smith’s sociology.Smith’s sociology re-raised the classical sociological issue about the relationship between people’s local and particular experience and extra-local and general social relations. And shesuggested an alternative sociology that explored how the everyday world of people’s experience is put together by social relations that extend beyond the everyday world. She argued that traditional sociological method of inquiry translated people’s own knowledge of the world of their everyday practices into the objectified knowledge to make everyday world accountable within sociological discourse. On the other hand, her sociology locates the starting point of inquiry within people’s actual experience and their own knowledge.Based on Smith’s Institutional Ethnography (IE), this paper investigates institutional accounting practices which produce textual realities. According to IE, actual work processes are made accountable as text (factual account) through institutional ideological procedures which attend selectively to work processes, thus making only selective aspect of them accountable within the institutional order. For IE texts are integral because they organize the trans or extra-local relations that we participate in but cannot observe from our local site of being.This paper examines the way IE discovers and makes observable how texts enter into, organize, shape, and coordinate people’s doings as we participate in the objectifying relation of ruling. In so doing this paper tries to suggest the method of knowing the social from people’s actual everyday world.
著者
土原 和子
出版者
国立研究開発法人 森林総合研究所
雑誌
特別研究員奨励費
巻号頁・発行日
2013-04-01

・昨年度タンニンとの結合を確認した候補タンパク質のうちN末端がブロックされていた3種タンパク質の構造決定する為に酵素消化して解析した。酵素で切断して質量分析(MARDI-TOF-MASS)をおこなったところ、3種類とも全く別の解析パターンを示したが、タンニン結合性候補タンパク質Proline Rich Proteins (PRPs)と相同性があったのは、静岡産の2サンプルであった。また、メインの分画であるアカネズミ(盛岡産)30kDとアカネズミ(静岡産)30kDのタンパク質を酵素消化してアミノ酸シークエンスをおこなった。その結果、タンニン結合タンパク質ではなかった。・森林げっ歯類のうち、ドングリ食であるアカネズミ、ドングリ食と草食の混合食であるヒメネズミ・シマリス・ニホンリス、樹皮を主とする草食のエゾヤチネズミ、完全草食のハタネズミの6種の唾液からタンパク質を抽出単離して、PRPs量の測定、およびSDS-PAGEによる分画と、その分画のタンパク質の精製をおこなった。その結果、PRPsの含有量が最も多かったのは混合食であるヒメネズミで、その次はドングリ食のアカネズミ、そして混合食のシマリス・ニホンリス、そして最も少なかったのは、草食性のエゾヤチネズミ・ハタネズミであった。この結果は、食餌と唾液中のPRPs量との相関はリーズナブルであったといえるが、完全ドングリ食のアカネズミより混合食のヒメネズミのPRPs量が多いのは予想外であった。また、草食性のエゾヤチネズミ・ハタネズミの唾液中にもかなりのPRPsを含んでいたことより、以前はこの2種もタンニンを含むドングリ等を食べていた可能性が高いが、現在は必要なくなったといえる。このように森林性齧歯類は、基本的にはタンニン結合タンパク質であるPRPsを唾液中にもっており、現在ではそれぞれの生活様式にあわせて食餌を変化させてきたといえる。