著者

新城 竜一

出版者

日本ペドロジー学会

雑誌

ペドロジスト (ISSN:00314064)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.47-54, 2016 (Released:2017-02-23)

参考文献数

27

著者

杉本 樹信

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.11, pp.832-835, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

鈴木 道治

出版者

独立行政法人 国立高等専門学校機構 木更津工業高等専門学校

雑誌

木更津工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:21889201)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.79-82, 2016-01-29 (Released:2017-02-10)

参考文献数

6

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Since the latter half of the 2009 academic year, I have developed the class on the philosophy of "manabiai", which was introduced and has been proceeded by Professor Nishikawa in Joetsu University of Education. In recent years the Ministry of Education insisted on introducing active learning to high school, junior high school, and elementary school in the next "gakushu sidou youryou". So in this paper I report the relationship between "manabiai" and active learning.

著者

森 亮樹

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.11, pp.828-831, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

Tomohisa Takagi Yuji Naito Ryo Inoue Saori Kashiwagi Kazuhiko Uchiyama Katsura Mizushima Saeko Tsuchiya Tetsuya Okayama Osamu Dohi Naohisa Yoshida Kazuhiro Kamada Takeshi Ishikawa Osamu Handa Hideyuki Konishi Kayo Okuda Yoshimasa Tsujimoto Hiromu Ohnogi Yoshito Itoh

出版者

SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.100-105, 2018 (Released:2018-01-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

86

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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to treat gastro-esophageal reflux and prevent gastric ulcers, and have been considered as low risk. However, recent studies have identified possible associations between PPI use and gut microbiota, suggesting that PPIs use increases the risk of enteric infections, including Clostridium difficile infection. To investigate gut microbiota in Japanese PPIs users, we conducted 16S metagenomics analysis of fecal samples collected from PPI users and healthy adults. In total, 36 PPI users and 36 PPI non-users (as control subjects) matched by age and sex were recruited and fecal samples were obtained to analyze the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There were significant differences in the microbial structure between PPI non-users and PPI users. In contrast, the analysis of α-diversity revealed no significant differences between PPI non-users and PPI users. When comparing in genus level between these two groups, the genera Streptococcus was significantly abundant and the genera Faecalibacterium was significantly decreased in PPI users. Our findings indicate a probable association between PPI use and the alternation of microbiota. These alterations might provide a mechanism by which PPIs predispose enteric infection such as Clostridium difficile infection.

著者

山田 哲久 名取 良弘 今本 尚之

出版者

日本神経救急学会

雑誌

日本神経救急学会雑誌 (ISSN:16193067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.32-37, 2014-07-11 (Released:2015-05-02)

参考文献数

11

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Sudden intense headache commonly develops in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be easily diagnosed using head computed tomography (CT) or head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We treated two patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who could not be diagnosed on the basis of imaging findings. We diagnosed them with subarachnoid hemorrhage after performing lumbar puncture. Here, we report the case findings.Case 1: An 82-year-old manHe developed sudden intense headache while going to eat at home. Head CT did not reveal a clear subarachnoid hemorrhage. The iso-intensity mass was seen in basal cistern by head MRI. However, head magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed an aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery. Cerebrospinal fluid extracted after lumbar puncture was clear. We considered the patient to have an unruptured cerebral aneurysm.Case 2: A 38-year-old womanShe developed sudden intense headache and vomited twice while relaxing at home. The iso-intensity mass was seen in basal cistern by head MRI. However, head MRA revealed an aneurysm in the right internal posterior communication artery. Cerebrospinal fluid extracted after lumbar puncture had a light red color. We considered the patient to have subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, and performed emergency clipping and craniotomy.Consideration and conclusionWe think that performing an imaging examination in all patients with headache is unnecessary. We performed an imaging examination only when we suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage after analyzing a patient’s medical history. If subarachnoid hemorrhage is suspected in a case with no abnormal imaging findings, lumbar puncture should be considered.

著者

伊藤 英之 吉田 真理夫 長山 孝彦 脇山 勘治 原田 憲邦 南里 智之

出版者

公益社団法人 砂防学会

雑誌

砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.47-53, 2012-05-15 (Released:2015-08-03)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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Snowmelt-type mudflow is often observed when a pyroclastic flow, surge, blast or a hot-debris avalanche moves over a snow-covered slope. We constructed the experimental equipment to simulate snowmelt due to high-temperature rock fragments moving over a snow-covered channel. The experiments were carried out for nine different cases, changing the parameters of temperature, rock particle diameter, and snow density. On comparing the hydrographs of these nine cases, we found that the following conditions lead to rapid snowmelt and large peak flow : (1) the temperature of the pyroclastic material is sufficiently high ; (2) the snow density is remarkably high, as in the case of solid ice ; and (3) snow is saturated with liquid water, as in the case of slush. The results indicate that the volume of the snowmelt-type mudflow particularly depends on the snow density and the temperature of the pyroclastic materials.

著者

足立 光司

出版者

日本地球化学会

雑誌

地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.185-193, 2015-09-25 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

27

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Water-insoluble radioactive materials emitted during an early stage of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011 were identified, and their chemical and physical properties were characterized as particulate matters. In this report, studies on radioactive particles collected from filter samples in Tsukuba on March 14–15, 2011 are summarized. Their compositions, chemical states, sizes, shapes, crystallinity, and hygroscopicity were analyzed using microscopic analyses such as electron microscopy and synchrotron with a micro-beam. The results indicate that they include Cs, Fe, and Zn as well as elements from fission products and are water insoluble, spherical-glassy particles with ca. 2 micrometer in size. Understanding of their detailed properties is significant to improve the numerical models during the accident and to understand their occurrences in soil as well as the accident itself. In addition to the water-insoluble radioactive materials, water-soluble radioactive materials, which were likely emitted in different events during the accident, should be investigated to have comprehensive understanding of the accident and its environmental effects. More samples from various environments such as soil will be needed, and more detailed chemical and physical analyses will help to understand their formation process, influences on human health, and long term decrements in ambient conditions.

著者

安藤 英由樹 平松 誠治 加藤 厚生

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.245-248, 1998-12-31 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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We developed a system that makes viscous sensation to the human legs in mud like wet rice field. In the first half of this paper , we mentioned a structure and a system of the force display device to the legs and its motion. In the latter half part, we mentioned some results of the experiment to evaluate comparative with real mud rice field. As the experimental results , we confirmed that the result next to real thing and almost subjects could fell it as (environment of) mud rice field.

著者

河上 春香

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.49-60, 2016 (Released:2018-01-01)

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This paper examines the political situation of surrealism in Czechoslovakia in 1930s. In Czechoslovakia, Surrealism was developed in the close relationship with communism. For ideological and other reasons, the Prague movement emphasized a dialectical way of thinking. In other words, Surrealism was considered to be a process whereby reality and the self were apprehended through the synergistic and dialectical relationship between deliberate (conscious) and involuntary (unconscious) acts. In addition, surrealism was undergirded by the rule of “recounting truth”. According to Michel Foucault, “recounting truth” involves defining an autonomous position vis-a-vis one's relationship with truth – in other words, it is a technique of governing the self. Karel Teige describes Surrealism as an artistic and practical means for revolutionaries to establish the self. However, attempting to connect Communism and Surrealism is forced: while the Communist ideology attempts to enforce one extreme form of “truth” in order to control people, the “truth” presented by Surrealism is something ever-changing and varying from person to person. By linking Surrealism and Socialist realism, Teige attempted to suggest that Communist culture should develop diversity and complexity. However, with Stalinism wielding power in Czechoslovakia, that idea was only possible for a brief time.

著者

吉田 耕作

出版者

一般社団法人 日本数学会

雑誌

数学 (ISSN:0039470X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.1-2, 1970-02-25 (Released:2008-12-25)

著者

浅野 豊美

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.72-77, 2016-04-30 (Released:2016-05-17)

著者

神谷 万丈

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.170, pp.170_15-170_29, 2012-10-25 (Released:2014-10-26)

参考文献数

89

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Throughout the postwar period, realism has been the dominant school of thought in academic international relations (IR) communities in the United States and Europe. During the same period, in the IR community in Japan,there has been a group of scholars called genjitsushugi-sha, which literally translated means “realist(s)”. (Genjitsushugi literally means “realism,” and “sha” means “a person” or “people.”) Unlike realism in the Western IR communities, genjitushugi was not a dominant school of thought in Japan during the Cold War years. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Japanese IR community witnessed a harsh debate between genjitushugi-sha and risoushugi-sha (idealist[s]) over the role of military power in postwar international politics and the desirability of the “Japan-U.S. Security Treaty system” (i.e., the U.S.-Japan alliance) for Japan. In the Japanese society at that time, where strong pacifist orientation was widely shared, it was idealists, who denied the utility of military power in the contemporary international relations and insisted on the policy of unarmed neutrality for the security of Japan, who represented the mainstream view. Although Japanese genjitsushugi-sha have significant resemblances to Western realists, such as the recognition of the struggle for power as a continuing nature of international politics and the acceptance of the utility of military power in the postwar world, substantial differences also exist between the two. The previous research done by the author shows that genjitsushugi-sha recognized the decreasing utility of military power in international politics as early as the early 1960s. They also noticed variations in the utility of power resources depending on issue areas by the early 1970s. In these senses, the genjitsushugi-sha’s view on power shows considerably liberal tendencies. This article argues that their view on nationalism also has liberal, rather than realist, inclinations. While realism is a particularistic theory, liberalism is universalistic. Realist and liberal views on nationalism should reflect such natures of respective theories. The analysis in this article shows that Japanese genjitsushugi-sha’s view on nationalism shows strongly universalistic tendencies. In the face of the revival of nationalism among the Japanese citizens since the mid-sixties, genjitsushugi-sha argued: 1) that Japanese diplomacy should reduce the dependence on the U.S.; 2) but that Japan, as a trading country with a limited military power, could maintain its security and prosperity only with close cooperation with other countries,particularly the U.S., and increasingly so under the deepening interdependence in the postwar world; 3) that Japan, therefore, should not define its national interests in a narrow, egoistic sense, 4) and that the Japanese people should pursue nationalism that is internationalist in nature. Despite the conventional view that regards Japanese genjitsushugi-sha as (a subspecies of) realists in Western IR terms, this article argues that they were rather “realistic liberal” scholars.

著者

Takaya Maeda Hideki Yoshida Tomoyuki Sasaki Atsushi Oda

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.10, pp.1860-1864, 2017 (Released:2017-10-21)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

12

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation simultaneously combined with local heat and cold applications enhances pain relief compared with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis. [Subjects and Methods] Fourty-five patients with knee osteoarthritis participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the following three interventions: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation simultaneously combined with local heat using a hot pack; combined with local cold using a cold pack; and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation alone. In each intervention, the knee pain level during walking and standing up from a chair, as well as dynamic balance and gait ability were evaluated immediately before and after a single intervention using the visual analogue scale and the timed up & go test, respectively. [Results] A significant improvement in dynamic balance and gait ability was only observed immediately after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation simultaneously combined with local heat application, although the degree of pain relief during standing and walking were comparable among the three interventions. [Conclusion] These results suggest that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation simultaneously combined with local heat application can immediately improve not only knee pain during standing and walking but also dynamic balance and gait ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

著者

須佐 千明 三串 伸哉 尾崎 研一郎 村田 志乃 鈴木 瑠璃子 高島 真穂 梅田 慈子 柴野 荘一 中根 綾子 植松 宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年歯科医学会

雑誌

老年歯科医学 (ISSN:09143866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.91-95, 2011 (Released:2012-01-20)

参考文献数

12

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定型抗精神病薬の長期服用によって, オーラルジスキネジアが発現することが知られている。オーラルジスキネジアは口腔領域に認められる不随意運動であり, 難治性である場合が多い。今回, われわれは咀嚼時のみにジスキネジアを生じた症例を経験したので報告する。患者は64歳の女性で, 舌の不随意運動による咀嚼困難を主訴に来院した。既往歴として, うつ病があり10年以上抗精神病薬を服用していた。咀嚼ができないため食事摂取量が減少し, 体重が減少していた。他院にて遅発性ジスキネジアと診断され薬物治療が行われていた。当科初診時の評価では, 安静時および舌の随意運動時にジスキネジアは出現せず, 水分など咀嚼を伴わない食塊の嚥下は正常であった。一方, 固形物は咀嚼中に口腔周囲および舌にジスキネジアが出現し, 食塊形成が困難であった。そこで栄養摂取量を確保するために食事摂取方法の指導を行った。神経内科にて薬物治療を継続しながら, 機能訓練としてガム咀嚼の訓練を指導したが, 明らかな症状改善を認めなかった。しかし初診から5カ月後, ハロペリドールの内服開始直後にジスキネジアが消失し, 常食摂取可能となり体重増加を認めた。本症例では, ジスキネジアが咀嚼時のみに出現した点で希有な症例であった。ジスキネジアによる摂食·嚥下障害を生じ, また治療に長期間を要したことから, 機能状態に応じた食事摂取方法の指導を行うことが重要であった。

著者

辻 大和

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.109-126, 2012-12-20 (Released:2013-01-24)

参考文献数

130

被引用文献数

4 4

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In this review I introduce the literature concerning variations in the feeding ecology of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), for which many Japanese primatologists have collected data for more than 60 years. Specifically, I review 1) temporal, 2) spatial, and 3) inter-individual variations in the feeding ecology of the macaques. Food resources of the macaques in habitats exhibit temporal shifts (in short-term, seasonal change, and inter-annual change), which consequently affect feeding-related behavior, such as ranging patterns, activity budgets, and degree of crop-raiding. On the other hand, temporal changes in feeding sometimes affect inter-specific relationships. Food environment differs regionally, which is attributed to forest productivity and flora, and/or physical conditions such as temperature and snowfall. The feeding ecology differs even between neighboring troops inhabiting different forest structures. A troop of macaques consists of males and females of different ages and social ranks whose nutritional demands vary. Such inter-individual variation within group affects their feeding ecology, which consequently affects population parameters through competition over food resources. Variation in food habits would affect other ecological phenomena, such as seed dispersal and plant community structure. Finally, I discuss several challenges facing future studies of the feeding ecology of Japanese macaques.

著者

青木 孝之 岡田 元

出版者

日本菌学会

雑誌

日本菌学会会報 (ISSN:00290289)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jjom.H29-05, (Released:2017-11-18)

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2017 年7 月に中華人民共和国深圳で開催された「第19 回国際植物科学会議(IBC 2017)命名規約セクション」において採択された「国際藻類・菌類・植物命名規約 (ICN; 深圳規約 2018)」における改正点の概要について解説した.

著者

野田 衛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品衛生学会

雑誌

食品衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00156426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.12-25, 2017-02-25 (Released:2017-03-03)

参考文献数

104

被引用文献数

3

著者

菅間 博 住石 歩 千葉 知宏 宍戸-原 由紀子

出版者

日本内分泌外科学会・日本甲状腺外科学会

雑誌

日本内分泌・甲状腺外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:21869545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.125-129, 2014 (Released:2014-08-07)

参考文献数

12

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甲状腺腫瘍の乳頭癌と濾胞癌では遺伝子変異のパターンが異なる。乳頭癌ではRET/PTC再構成とBRAF(V600E)変異が,濾胞癌では多彩なRASの変異とPPARγ/PAX8再構成が高頻度に認められる。さらに低分化癌と未分化癌では,p53やβカテニン(CTNNB1)遺伝子の変異が加算される。現在,液状化検体(LBC)細胞診標本に応用が容易な遺伝子変異として,免疫染色とFISHにより検出可能なものがある。免疫染色によりBRAF(V600E)変異,p53とβカテニン(CTNNB1)の異常は検出可能である。FISHによりRET/PTCとPPARγ/PAX8の遺伝子再構成は検出可能である。BRAF(V600E)とRET/PTCで理論的には乳頭癌の大部分を診断することができる。PPARγ/PAX8で濾胞性腫瘍の半数程度に診断可能であるが,細胞診断上問題となる濾胞腺腫と濾胞癌の鑑別には有用でない。将来,分子病理診断が,細胞診の正診率向上のみでなく,分子標的治療にも利用されることが期待される。

著者

友野 順章 城 裕之

出版者

社団法人 日本感染症学会

雑誌

感染症学雑誌 (ISSN:03875911)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.613-618, 2008-11-20 (Released:2011-02-07)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 3

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オセルタミビルはインフルエンザウイルスの増殖に関与するノイラミニダーゼを阻害する薬剤の一つであり, 罹病期間の短縮や肺炎などの合併症を予防することが知られている. 近年, 本薬剤の内服治療中に異常行動をおこすことが言われている. しかし異常行動が感染自体によるものであれば, 本薬剤が異常行動の発生を減少させる可能性が考えられる. 今回, 我々は本薬剤がインフルエンザ罹患時の異常行動の頻度を低下させるか検討した. 2006年12月から2007年3月までに異常行動を主訴に当院を受診しインフルエンザウイルス抗原迅速検査で陽性となった1歳以上の12例を異常行動群とし, 発熱を主訴に来院し異常行動を示さずウイルス抗原迅速検査で陽性となった1歳以上の335名を対照群とした. 平均年齢は異常群では825±322歳対照群では6.09±3.74歳と有意に異常行動群で高かった. (p=0.049). 両群問で, 性別, ウイルスタイプには有意な差は見られなかった. オセルタミビルは異常行動群では50.0%の患者が内服していたが, 対照群では779%が内服していた. (p=0.024) オセルタミビルはインフルエンザに伴う異常行動を抑制する可能性が示唆された.