著者
多田 智彦
出版者
海人社
雑誌
世界の艦船
巻号頁・発行日
no.760, pp.100-105, 2012-05
著者
桑原 雅子
出版者
科学技術社会論学会
雑誌
科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.78-91, 2018-11-20 (Released:2019-12-02)
参考文献数
32

20世紀なかばを端緒として,1990年代の「デジタル革命」以降に急展開し,現在も進行中の科学の変貌と,それに伴って台頭しつつある新科学主義を扱う.この状況に,広義の科学論(科学史・科学社会学・科学哲学+科学技術社会論)は,いかに対応し得たか.科学論自体を批判的に問い直すべきときである. 今世紀になり,コンピュータ容量の急速な増大とともに,計算科学,データサイエンス,ベイズ統計学の伸長が著しい.これらの数理科学を駆使する学術研究を「21世紀型科学」と名付ける.21世紀型科学の特徴と新科学主義の台頭を論じたうえで,日本のSTSが取り組むべき諸課題を提起する.最後に,これらの課題を遂行するためには,21世紀型科学を対象とするインターナル・スタディーズが必要であることを主張する.
著者
深谷 達史
出版者
心理学評論刊行会
雑誌
心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.2, pp.246-263, 2012 (Released:2018-08-18)
著者
澤岡 詩野
出版者
一般社団法人 社会情報学会
雑誌
社会情報学 (ISSN:21872775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.3, pp.1-11, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-20)
参考文献数
24

2020年4月に発出された1回目の緊急事態宣言以来,接触の機会が制限される生活が一年以上も続いている。特に社会関係が元の職場や学生時代を介したつきあいに限定されがちな都市部の高齢男性においては,遠方に住むことの多い他者たちと会う機会が失われた結果,高齢女性よりも深刻な影響を受けていることが予測される。本稿では,都市部の企業退職した高齢男性を対象に,社会生活のなかでのインターネット受容プロセスを明らかにしていく。調査対象は,新型コロナウィルスの感染拡大前からインターネットを使ってきた,東京都と神奈川県在住の70代前半~80代後半の企業退職した男性8人である。2020年6月25日~7月8日に,半構造化インタビューを行った。研究協力者は,コロナ禍の生活が長期化するなかで,【インターネットの限界】や直接に顔をあわせることの良さを再確認しつつも,インターネット上の【使い慣れた手段の掘り起こし】や【新しい手段を試行錯誤】して集いを代替しょうとする動きが加速していた。ただし,社会生活の全てを一つの手段で代替していたわけではなく,【課題に応じた手段の取捨選択】が行われていた。コロナ禍を通じ,交流や社会活動の手段としてのインターネットの可能性に気付いた高齢者は少なくないことが考えられる。今後は,使い方の多様性やこれらの変化を前提にした孤立化の抑止や働きかけのあり方を考えていくことが求められている。
著者
駒嶺 真希 長谷川 知章 安藤 孝 宇山 佳明
出版者
一般社団法人 日本薬剤疫学会
雑誌
薬剤疫学 (ISSN:13420445)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.28.e1, (Released:2022-11-10)
参考文献数
21

目的: MID-NET®はこれまでにさまざまな薬剤疫学的な解析を通じて市販後の医薬品安全性評価に貢献している.適切な活用を促進する一助とするため,MID-NET®の特徴把握のための二つの調査を実施した.本稿では,これらの調査結果を述べ,今後の調査における留意点等を考察する.調査デザイン: 医療情報データベースの二次利用によるコホート調査方法: 一つ目の調査では,検体検査の結果値の特徴を把握し,肝機能障害のリスク評価法を検討するため,肺高血圧症治療薬処方後の肝機能障害の発現状況を全例調査の結果と比較考察した.また,二つ目の調査では,関連薬剤の処方選択や切替え時の特徴を把握するため,先行バイオ医薬品とバイオ後続品(以下「BS」という)の処方実態について検討した.結果: 肝機能障害のリスク評価法の検討において,肺動脈性肺高血圧症治療薬処方後の肝機能障害発現状況は,アウトカム定義として設定した重症度のグレードにより異なるものの,重症度を一定程度考慮した基準を用いることで,全例調査における副作用と同程度の発現状況を確認できる可能性が示唆され,各検査項目を組み合わせた定義など,異なる基準での結果と合わせて検討しその頑健性などを確認することで,適切な評価が可能になるものと考えられた.BS の処方実態の検討において,BS の処方は全体的に経時的に増加する傾向が認められたが,その程度は有効成分ごとに異なっていた.また,先行バイオ医薬品からBS またはBS から先行バイオ医薬品へ切替え処方が行われた症例,切替えることなく先行バイオ医薬品またはBS を継続的に処方された症例が一定程度確認され,その処方動向には年齢等により異なる傾向が認められたことから,今後の調査にあたっては,先行バイオ医薬品とBS の処方状況を考慮することが重要であることが示された.結論: これら二つの調査結果は,MID-NET®データの特性を理解するために有用であり,MID-NET®の利用可能性の検討促進に寄与するものと考えられた.
著者
渋江 陽子
出版者
イタリア学会
雑誌
イタリア学会誌 (ISSN:03872947)
巻号頁・発行日
no.61, pp.173-193, 2011-10-15

Gabriele D'Annunzio si trasferisce a Roma nell'autunno del 1881, nel periodo in cui la citta, fino a dieci anni prima circondata da un paesaggio bucolico, va trasformandosi in metropoli ed e pervasa dalla cosiddetta "febbre edilizia". Vari scritti dannunziani testimoniano alcuni aspetti del fervore di rinnovamento della capitale, ed e molto interessante esaminarli, sia per conoscere l'atmosfera della citta alla fine dell'Ottocento, che per indagare il modo in cui le descrizioni subiscono un mutamento nell'ottica dell'autore. In questo lavoro si prendono in esame gli scritti riguardanti la modernizzazione della citta e le osservazioni in essi contenute. Nelle cronache mondane del giornale romano <<La Tribuna>>, D'Annunzio fa riferimento alla nuova Roma, per esempio in occasione dell'apertura del Teatro Drammatico Nazionale. I giudizi del cronista sulle costruzioni moderne sono generalmente severi, a causa della volgarita di esse, se messe a confronto con la bellezza dell'architettura del passato. Egli fa riferimento anche ai lavori in corso qua e la per la capitale, scrivendo che Roma sta diventando "la citta delle demolizioni". A quel tempo, infatti, palazzi, chiese e ville vanno scomparendo per essere sostituiti da nuove costruzioni o nuovi quartieri. Simbolica in tale contesto e la villa Boncompagni-Ludovisi, che si estendeva tra la Porta Pinciana e la Porta Salaria e che viene in gran parte venduta e lottizzata nel 1885 per costruire un nuovo quartiere, includendo via Veneto. Poco prima dell'inizio dei lavori, il poeta dedica alla villa il sonetto intitolato Horti Ludovisii e la menziona anche nelle cronache, deplorando la scomparsa della Bellezza. Questo atteggiamento si accentua ne Il piacere, il primo romanzo scritto da D'Annunzio dopo aver lasciato la redazione de <<La Tribuna>>. Nel romanzo, ambientato a Roma tra 1884 e 1887, anche se le vicende non si svolgono cronologicamente, viene descritto "il grigio diluvio democratico odierno, che molte belle cose e rare sommerge miseramente" e vi viene espresso il grande amore per la Roma barocca, che ha il suo centro in Piazza di Spagna. E proprio vicino alla Piazza, nel Palazzo Zuccari, lo scrittore sceglie, forse simbolicamente, di collocare la residenza del protagonista, il conte Andrea Sperelli. La Roma moderna in fase di costruzione non entra in scena se non per alcuni riferimenti, tanto da far supporre che l'autore voglia deliberatamente ignorarla non ammettendovi la presenza di alcuna bellezza. Parla, invece, delle ville patrizie che nel nuovo sistema postunitario subiscono danni: ad esempio una villa dove Andrea aveva passeggiato con Elena riporta alla mente del protagonista Villa Ludovisi, destinata a scomparire. E la villa Sciarra sul Gianicolo, dove ha luogo il duello tra Andrea e un amico, e "gia per meta disonorata dai fabbricatori di case nuove". La villa apparteneva al principe Maffeo Sciarra II, proprietario de <<La Tribuna>> e mecenate del poeta. Questa presa di posizione e certo da ricercare nel fatto che l'estetismo e l'asse del romanzo e la bellezza e vista come minacciata dalla modernita. Tuttavia, mentre nel romanzo l'ottica si identifica piuttosto con quella dell'aristocrazia, in un momento successivo D'Annunzio guarda la situazione sociale romana in modo piu distaccato. In un articolo su <<La Tribuna>> del giugno 1893, evoca l'atmosfera della "febbre edilizia" dicendo che "sembrava che soffiasse su Roma un vento di barbarie" e torna a menzionare gli argomenti trattati in passato. In questo momento, tuttavia, rappresenta in modo piu comprensivo il cambiamento della condizione della Bellezza, riflettendo che la lottizzazione delle ville e in rapporto con la decadenza della classe aristocratica e facendo riferimento alla volgarita della nuova Roma. Inoltre, a proposito della propria attivita giornalistica passata, esprime la sua posizione affermando di aver combattuto contro la volgarita della modernita per sostenere "i diritti della Bellezza inutile e pura". Si potrebbe dire che egli abbia acquisito questa nozione in se stessa attraverso le esperienze romane, infatti l'ambiente del giornalismo assai attivo della Roma capitale gli ha offerto nuove possibilita e la sua esperienza come giornalista lo ha condotto a scrivere il romanzo Il piacere. Con il successo del romanzo e la comprensione piena della potenza dei mezzi di comunicazione, egli entra in una nuova fase, dichiarando di essere un artista che combatte per la Bellezza. Anche in un articolo del 1892 pubblicato sul giornale napoletano <<Il Mattino>>, D'Annunzio parla dei "nuovi nobili", riferendosi agli artisti e agli intellettuali. Riteniamo che sia possibile concludere che la modernizzazione della capitale abbia reso ancor piu distinto l'estetismo dannunziano, in quanto l'autore, nel percepire la decadenza della classe a cui apparteneva la Bellezza, trova in queste circostanze la possibilita di divenire, in quanto artista, un nuovo difensore della Bellezza.
著者
岡田 元浩
出版者
The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌
経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.46-62, 2011 (Released:2019-08-20)
被引用文献数
2 2

Abstract: This paper compares Léon Walras’s and Marx’s thoughts on labour exchange, thereby illuminating the latter’s perspective that can lead to a forceful counterargument to the neoclassical principle of labour exchange, for which the former affords a foundation. Both Walras and Marx distinguish between labour ability as a factor of production and labour as its service, but exhibit a striking contrast in their explanations of the distinction. Walras’s distinction between ‘personal faculties’ and labour never attempts to reveal the peculiarities of the relationship they share. Walras essentially equates the relationship between the two with that between non-human factors and their respective services by stripping the former of human elements. This not only allows labour exchange to be incorporated into Walras’s general equilibrium system but also provides the groundwork for its neoclassical principle, which, on the basis of marginal theory, assumes work conditions to be determinable through the stylised market adjustment of the demand and supply of labour on each entrepreneur’s and worker’s maximisation behaviour. In contrast, especially in his pre-Capital writings, Marx underlines the worker’s subjectivity in deciding her labour performance. This implies that the type and intensity of time-unit labour varies depending on the worker’s will and the constraints upon it. Accentuating the particular characteristics of the relationship between labour power and labour in this way, Marx’s arguments lead to the invalidation of the neoclassical principle of labour exchange and rationalise the intervention of socio-political factors represented by the labour-capital class struggle in the determination of work conditions. Thus, this study focuses on the potential of Marx’s labour power-labour distinction independent of his exploitation theory-the basis of a weighty refutation of the neoclassical system. JEL classification numbers: B 13, B 14.
著者
前田 晃史 八田 圭司 相馬 香理 新地 実花子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本救急看護学会
雑誌
日本救急看護学会雑誌 (ISSN:13480928)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.19-25, 2016 (Released:2016-08-02)
参考文献数
24

2013年7月にヨード造影剤によるアナフィラキシーで心停止になった症例を経験した。その後、ヨード造影剤による異常薬物反応(ADR)の重症化に関連する臨床的特徴の検証のために、即時型ADR 55例を対象として調査を行った。2010年1月1日から2013年7月31日までの3年7カ月間に発症した即時型症例を軽症群(n=49)とアナフィラキシー群(n=6)に分け、2群間でヨード造影剤によるADRの危険因子を比較した。その結果、アナフィラキシー群の【年齢】(p=.034)、【過去の造影剤ADR既往】(p=.003)、【過去の造影回数】(p=.0007)、【造影剤浸透圧350mgI/mL以上】(p=.002)、【危険因子の項目数】(p=.037)の5項目が有意に多かった。A施設は、CT室とMRI室に医師が常在しておらず、医療安全の観点から、これらの重症化に関連する因子のある症例へは造影剤投与前に医師へ報告する基準作成を検討する。しかし、これらの因子に関係なくアナフィラキシーが発症する症例や救急では意識障害により情報が収集できない症例があるため、発症時には迅速に対応できる体制づくりも必要である。 本研究とADRの危険因子を比較した先行研究との異なる点が即時型ADR重症化の特徴であるといえる。しかし、先行研究からアナフィラキシーを含めたADRの危険因子をすべて抽出できておらず、抽出した因子の妥当性の検証も不十分であった。また、症例数も十分でなかった。そのため、重症化に関連する他の因子が存在する可能性がある。今後も危険因子の検証を含めた追加調査が必要である。
著者
金 鳳庸 磯貝 明 尾鍋 史彦 臼田 誠人
出版者
JAPAN TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
雑誌
紙パ技協誌 (ISSN:0022815X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.2, pp.242-248, 1990-02-01 (Released:2009-11-19)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
2

In the previous papers, we have studied the influence of UV treatments on physical and optical properties of paper, and several characteristic results for UV treatments were obtained. In this paper, therefore, the mechanisms of the changes on physical properties, especially such as double folds, Young's modulus and water absorption values, by UV treatments of paper were examined in terms of molecular-order analyses of pulp and rosin chemicals.Cellulose in amorphous regions and hemicellulose are depolymerized through oxidative and/or radical reactions by UV treatments. This depolymerization leads to the formation of stable intermolecular hydrogen bond by molecular rearrangement, and thus the decrease in hydroxyl groups, which can interact with moisture or water, causes the decrease in hydrophilic properties of paper. This new hydrogen bond formation brings about the increase in Young's modulus, and even the slight decrease in moisture contents of paper probably causes the drastic decrease in double folds. On the other hand, porous structures of paper were found to be unchanged by UV treatments, and cross-linking reactions between cellulose chanis were not likely to form during the treatments.Rosin chemicals are degraded to form hydrophilic groups such as carboxylic acid from their double bonds by UV treatments. This causes the decrease in sizing degrees of rosin-sized paper, while the UV treatments bring about the increase in sizing degrees for rosin-free paper such as neutral paper owing to the formation of the stable hydrogen bond, as described above.
著者
Koichiro Tadokoro Shotaro Fukuda Akio Namiki
出版者
Fuji Technology Press Ltd.
雑誌
Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics (ISSN:09153942)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.5, pp.956-964, 2022-10-20 (Released:2022-10-20)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
2

Our research group has developed an air hockey robot with high-speed vision capable of visual recognition at 500 Hz, which exceeds that of humans. Although this robot uses high-speed vision to increase its reaction speed and improve its performance, it has a low speed to compete with humans because its hand speed is still not sufficiently fast. In this study, a high-speed wrist rotation mechanism using a direct drive motor was introduced to the air hockey robot to improve the hitting speed through the snapping motion of the wrist. Furthermore, we developed a hitting motion algorithm that utilizes high-speed visual feedback. The effectiveness of the proposed system was verified experimentally. The proposed system exhibits an improved motion performance.
著者
Ando Masataka
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1-3, pp.19-32, 1971-09-30

The writer determined fault parameters of the great Kanto earthquake of 1923 on the basis of the geodetic data by triangulation and levelling. Thus he attempted to establish a dislocation model which reasonably explains all the available data on the surface displacements associated with this earthquake. Basically the fault line is assumed to extend from the Kozu area southeastward with its strike N45°W, parallel to the trend of the Sagami trough. The shape of the fault plane is assumed to be a rectangular plane. The fault models which was finally accepted is as follows. total length: 130km, width: 65km, dip. 45° and a fault displacement : 6 m (right lateral strike slip) and 3 m (reverse dip slip). Generally speaking, this earthquake seems to indicate a differential movements of the two crustal plates bounded by the Sagami trough. The fault's dimension, geometry and direction of the slip are all in good harmony with the seismological evidence on wave radiation.|1923年の関東大地震の震源パラノーターを地殻変動を使つて推定した.
著者
Matuzawa Takeo
出版者
東京帝国大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京帝國大學地震研究所彙報 = Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo Imperial University (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.1-28, 1928-08-24

(1) Etigo no Zisin (1927 nen 10 gt 27 nt) wo Tokyo de kwansokusita Kekkwa ni yoruto Singen-Ivyori ni taisite Syokibido no Keizoku-Zikan ga itumo yori medatte sukunakatta.
著者
木村 克也 津田 裕一 中山 直英
出版者
一般社団法人 日本魚類学会
雑誌
魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.22-019, (Released:2022-11-14)
参考文献数
26

The stomiid snaggletooth genus Astronesthes Richardson, 1845, including 49 valid species distributed in tropical to temperate waters of all oceans, is characterized by the following combination of characters: anal fin with 11–22 rays; maxillary teeth comblike, closely spaced, and slanting rearward; and photophores in the ventral series arranged in regular intervals. To date, 13 species of the genus have been reported from Japanese waters. A single specimen of Astronesthes (111.9 mm in standard length) was collected in December 2020, during a mid-water trawl survey conducted by R/V Shunyo-Maru in the vicinity of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Subsequently identified as Astronesthes gemmifer Goode and Bean, 1896, the specimen clearly differed from all congeners in having the following combination of characters: four premaxillary fangs in the main row (vs. 5–6); the posteroventral part of the terminal bulb of the chin barbel black (vs. usually not black or terminal bulb absent); and the last six VAV (photophores from the inner-pelvic space to the end of the row posterior to the anal-fin origin) located above the anal fin (vs. 1–4). Although A. gemmifer has been often recorded from the North Atlantic, records from the South Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans are sparse. In the Pacific Ocean, the species has been recorded in Hawaiian waters from O‘ahu to the Hancock Seamounts, but not previously reported from Japanese waters, the present specimen representing the first Japanese record of A. gemmifer. The new standard Japanese name “Sumitsuki-tokagehadaka” is proposed for the species.