著者
廣本 由香
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.3, pp.267-284, 2016
被引用文献数
4

<p>本稿の目的は, 福島原発事故を起因とした自主避難をめぐる「不条理な選択」の問題が, 自主避難者の生活を脅かす「広義の被害」 (舩橋1999) になりうることを明らかにすることである. 本稿では, 佐賀県鳥栖市の自主避難者を事例に, 避難の選択過程における経験世界の諸相を‹ゆらぎ›という概念で記述する. ‹ゆらぎ›は, 選択過程の動揺, 葛藤, 不安, 戸惑い, ためらい, わからなさなどが混在する心理的状況や自己認識であり, その変化をさす.</p><p>政策・法制度的な「加害―被害関係」では把握できない領域を‹ゆらぎ›という概念を用いて記述することで, 原発事故による生活の被害が, 損害賠償制度で認められる領域よりも広範で深刻であるとともに, 長期にわたり生活世界に潜在化・重層化することを示す. すなわち, 生活者の生活の視座から被害を考えたとき, 自主避難の‹ゆらぎ›は生活やそれを下支えする社会関係を揺るがす「広義の被害」となりうることを実証する.</p><p>今後, 政府の避難指示解除による「『強制避難者』の『自主避難者』化」 (除本2013) が加速する. 社会的制約を受けながら行われた自主避難も, 個人的選択の結果であるとみなす社会規範のもとで自己責任の問題として受け止められてしまう. こうした被害の個人化に陥らないためにも, 「広義の被害」の視座が自主避難者当人の「被害非認識」や「被害の潜在化」による被害の矮小化, 加害者側の「被害放置」を防ぐ手立てとなる.</p>
著者
西川 登
出版者
神奈川大学
雑誌
経済貿易研究 (ISSN:03865193)
巻号頁・発行日
no.17, pp.p35-45, 1991
著者
藤岡 久美子
出版者
山形大学
雑誌
山形大学紀要. 教育科学 = Bulletin of Yamagata University. Educational Science
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.4, pp.9-23, 2013-02-15

本稿は、幼児期・児童期の引っ込み思案に関する最近の研究を概観した。まず、研究で用いられているsocial withdrawal, solitude, shyness, inhibitionなどの用語及び具体的な測定方法から引っ込み思案のとらえ方を整理した。次に、乳児・幼児期の縦断的研究を中心に、乳児期の抑制が幼児期の遊び場面での一人行動に至る道筋に関与する、気質や養育スタイルに関する知見をまとめた。また、幼児期から児童期にわたる長期縦断研究を含む児童期の研究から、引っ込み思案が学校での不適応へとつながる軌跡及びそのつながりに関与する要因について検討した。最後に教育への示唆を述べた。
著者
大島 優 正田 悠 阪田 真己子 鈴木 紀子
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. HCS, ヒューマンコミュニケーション基礎 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.114, no.189, pp.41-45, 2014-08-15

数名での対話形式を取りながらも,第三者への情報伝達を目的・可能としたコミュニケーション構造は「オープンコミュニケーション」と呼ばれている.ラジオのように,聞き手であるリスナーに直接見られることなく,音声のみ伝わる場合でもオープンコミュニケーションは成立する.これは,ラジオが数名での対話形式を取りながら,リスナーである第三者へ情報伝達を行っているためである.本研究では,聞き手に視覚情報が呈示されないオープンコミュニケーションであるラジオの話者の振る舞いに着目し,聞き手に視覚情報が呈示される状況(公開録音)との比較からその特徴を明らかにする.またラジオパーソナリティの経験者ペアと初心者ペアの比較を行い,ラジオパーソナリティ独自の"スキル"という観点からも考察を行う.
著者
田端 拓哉 池上 知子
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.47-54, 2011

The present research tests the hypothesis that if people face threats to self-worth in one domain, they will elevate their self-evaluation in another domain as compensation, and that this cross-domain compensation is more likely to occur among those with high relative to low trait self-esteem. Two studies were conducted with undergraduates using a reliving task to manipulate levels of threat to the self. Participants whose academic selves were threatened exhibited self-enhancement in the interpersonal domain regardless of the level of trait self-esteem (Study 1). However, participants whose social selves were threatened did not exhibit self-enhancement in the domain of intelligence regardless of the level of trait self-esteem (Study 2). Results are discussed in terms of the asymmetry in compensation between the intellectual and social domains.
著者
岸本 桂子 羽坂 亜希子 山浦 克典 福島 紀子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
薬学雑誌. 乙号 (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.136, no.10, pp.1401-1413, 2016
被引用文献数
3

&emsp;Pharmacy is required to shift toward human service such as hearing the complaints of health. But the study about help-seeking behavior to pharmacist is not really investigated. We hypothesized that a decrease in expression visibility, due to pharmacists' typical masks, may negatively impact help-seeker' trust in pharmacist. The sample included 100 drugstore customers aged ≥18 years. Participants were stratified by gender and randomly assigned to two groups: evaluation of clear-masked and normal-masked pharmacists. After viewing a video with either male or female pharmacists wearing either clear or normal masks, participants completed a questionnaire. The primary outcome was trust in pharmacist measured by the Trust Scale and the secondary outcome was impression of the pharmacist measured by nineteen pairs of adjectives. There were no differences by gender on trust scores. Results revealed that both male and female pharmacists who wore clear masks were rated as more trustworthy than normal-masked pharmacists (<i>p</i><0.001, d=0.903, and <i>p</i>=0.001, d=0.716, respectively). Sixteen of nineteen adjectives reported for pharmacists wearing normal masks indicated greater negative intention than those with clear masks (d=0.431-1.469). In most cases, among pharmacists wearing clear masks, results showed positive correlations between trust and each impression adjective (r=0.279-0.710). Our findings indicate that pharmacists wearing normal masks, which partially hide facial expressions, may decrease customer's trust in pharmacist. Further, normal masks were associated with negative impression. To avoid the inhibition of help-seek behavior, we recommend that pharmacists wear a clear mask and increase non-verbal communication.<br>
著者
Maekawa Yumiko Ramos-Cejudo Juan Kanai Atsuko
出版者
公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.6, pp.632-639, 2016
被引用文献数
6

<p><b>Objectives: </b>Although using mental health services is an effective way to cope with work-related stressors and diseases, many employees do not utilize these services despite service improvements in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help-seeking attitudes, and elucidate the reasons for mental health service underutilization in Japan. <b>Methods: </b>A questionnaire was distributed to 650 full-time male Japanese employees. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to investigate interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help-seeking. <b>Results: </b>Results showed that the association between workplace climate and help-seeking attitudes differed depending on employee distress level. For employees experiencing low levels of distress, openness to seeking treatment increased with a higher evaluation of the mental health services available at the workplace. However, the same did not hold true for employees experiencing high levels of distress. Instead, openness to seeking treatment decreased with perceived risk for career disadvantage for high distress employees. Additionally, negative values for seeking treatment in highly distressed employees decreased only when services were perceived as valuable, and the risk to their career was perceived as low. <b>Conclusions: </b>Overall, these findings indicate that distress distorts the perception of social support, which may lead to underutilization of available services. Assessing employees' distress levels and tailoring adequate interventions could facilitate help-seeking in male employees.</p>
著者
Maekawa Yumiko Ramos-Cejudo Juan Kanai Atsuko
出版者
公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.6, pp.632-639, 2016
被引用文献数
6

<p><b>Objectives: </b>Although using mental health services is an effective way to cope with work-related stressors and diseases, many employees do not utilize these services despite service improvements in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help-seeking attitudes, and elucidate the reasons for mental health service underutilization in Japan. <b>Methods: </b>A questionnaire was distributed to 650 full-time male Japanese employees. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to investigate interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help-seeking. <b>Results: </b>Results showed that the association between workplace climate and help-seeking attitudes differed depending on employee distress level. For employees experiencing low levels of distress, openness to seeking treatment increased with a higher evaluation of the mental health services available at the workplace. However, the same did not hold true for employees experiencing high levels of distress. Instead, openness to seeking treatment decreased with perceived risk for career disadvantage for high distress employees. Additionally, negative values for seeking treatment in highly distressed employees decreased only when services were perceived as valuable, and the risk to their career was perceived as low. <b>Conclusions: </b>Overall, these findings indicate that distress distorts the perception of social support, which may lead to underutilization of available services. Assessing employees' distress levels and tailoring adequate interventions could facilitate help-seeking in male employees.</p>
著者
古谷野 哲夫
出版者
The Crystallographic Society of Japan
雑誌
日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.5, pp.319-322, 2014

Chocolate consists of solid particles such as cocoa, sugar, and milk solids which are dispersed in a continuous fat phase. The major fat in chocolate is cocoa butter, and it is crystallized at room temperature, so chocolate is a food which we eat crystals. Therefore, fat crystals play a great role in chocolate quality and storage stability. In this paper, polymorphism of cocoa butter and the transformation of polymorphic forms are reviewed including recent results.
著者
田中 久雄 田村 俊一
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1754, pp.86-89, 2014-08-25

答 安易に赤字事業から撤退する考えはありません。東芝の139年という長い歴史の中で、現在の主力事業である重電も業績が悪い時期がありました。当時支えたのが家電やカラーテレビです。
著者
近藤 英一 河本 信夫
出版者
社団法人溶接学会
雑誌
熔接協會誌 (ISSN:18837190)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.9, pp.450-455, 1938-09-25

本論文はThe Welding Journal,1937年7月號に附録として掲載されたもので、題して"An Investigation of Plug and Slot Welds"と言ふ。著者はペンミルバニヤ洲ベスレヘム市レーハイ大學の獨逸工學研究所に籍を置く「アメリカ熔接協會」研究員たりしGlenn James Gibsonである。本論文は同大學土木工學科の學士論文として提出されたものである。こゝに共の抄譯を掲げて参考に供する。