著者

鵜飼 一彦 大頭 仁 中島 薫 進藤 修

出版者

公益社団法人 応用物理学会分科会 日本光学会

雑誌

光学 (ISSN:03896625)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.21-28, 1978-02-25 (Released:2010-06-11)

参考文献数

17

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Four kinds of ophthalmic lenses which have different Abbe numbers (vd) with the same refractive index (nd) for 588 nm have been prepared for our study. They have different chromatic aberrations even though they have the same powers.In the first, axial and lateral chromatic aberrations of these lenses were calculated and measured. Then, the white light MTF curves of the visual system of the wearers were measured to estimate the influences of the chromatic aberrations.As the results, it became clear that one can neglect the axial chromatic aberration in general. The lateral chromatic aberration, however, decreases the visual acuity of the subject considerably who sees through an eccentric portion of the lenses.

著者

横平 弘

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.557-564, 1996-06-05 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

19

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改正鉄道敷設法によって1922年に予定線となった釧美線「釧路-北見相生」は、当線と平行路線をなす釧網線「釧路-網走」が1931年に全通開業したことに伴って、未着工路線となったために、網走を経由する「釧路-北見」の最短路線の平面形態は、著しい迂回路となって現在に至っており、両都市間の交流に大きな支障となっているほか、著名な観光地・阿寒への鉄道アクセス路線が、相生線の廃止により欠如の状態にある。また釧美線の代替路線として策定された阿寒線「北見相生-阿寒湖畔-足寄町螺湾」も幻の路線と化したことから、とくに阿寒国立公園の観光交通におけるネットワークの整備の遅れと、冬の観光開発が課題となっている。

著者

時下 進一 時下 祥子 志賀 靖弘 太田 敏博 小林 道頼 山形 秀夫

出版者

日本陸水学会

雑誌

日本陸水学会 講演要旨集 日本陸水学会第69回大会 新潟大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.145, 2005 (Released:2005-09-21)

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淡水圏の食物連鎖において重要な位置を占めている枝角目甲殻類(ミジンコ類)は、低酸素に応答するヘモグロビンの顕著な増加と体色の赤化、環境悪化に応答する単為生殖から両性生殖への転換、捕食者の出す化学物質に応答する形態変化など、特異で興味深い環境応答を示す。また飼育が容易で多数の遺伝的に均一な個体が得られるなど、実験材料として優れた性質を備えている。本発表ではミジンコ類の環境応答および形態形成機構について我々が行なっている分子生物学的研究の概要を紹介するとともに、6種類見いだされたヘモグロビンサブユニット鎖の構造と分子進化、それらの遺伝子のクラスター構造と発現調節について詳しく報告する。

著者

浅井 大史 江崎 浩

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.2_95-2_108, 2012-04-25 (Released:2012-05-20)

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インターネットにおける自律システム(AS: Autonomous System)間の接続関係は,相互接続における経済関係および経路交換ポリシーから大きくトランジットおよびピアリングの2つに分類される.本論文ではASの全域部分グラフ(一部のAS間リンクを含まない部分グラフ)からAS規模を定量化し,このAS規模に基づいたAS間接続関係の推定手法を提案する.本論文の貢献は次の2点である.1) 従来の推定手法と比較して,少数のトポロジー計測点でのAS間接続関係,特にピアリングの推定精度を向上した.2) 本手法ではASの全域部分グラフから定量化したAS規模を用いることで,従来の経路解析に基づく手法では推定できなかった推定に用いた経路情報に含まれないAS間リンクに対してもAS間接続関係を推定可能にした.

著者

渡辺 扶

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.310-320, 1956-05-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

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常磐炭は非粘結性の黒色褐炭である故一般焚料に適し, 專ら熱源として用いられているまた一方工業的には煉炭の製造, 加圧式製塩工業, Koppers-Totzek微粉炭ガス化炉による合成ガスの製造などに利用されて多大の成果を牧めつつある。筆者はこれらの諸工業について詳細に説明するとともに今後の常磐炭の化学的利用として現地でルルギの高圧ガス化炉を用いて低品位炭のガス化を行い, 都市ガスあるいは有機合成ガスとして大都市への高圧輸送の構想を詳述すると共に常磐低品位炭活用対策委員会が立案した卒-東京間のガスの高圧輸送計画の概要およびその経済的考察を行つている。

著者

高野 憲悟 萩原 将文

出版者

日本感性工学会

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18840833)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, pp.495-502, 2012 (Released:2012-06-15)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

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An emotion tagging method using emotion-related words is proposed and applied to access log analysis of news site in this paper. We regard emotion as the feeling which ordinary people have from the viewpoint of a third party. The system tags one of 8 emotions (joy, like, safe, fear, anger, disgust, sad, shame) to one sentence. There are 5 steps in the proposed emotion tagging method. 1) The system tags emotion to the sentence directly which have the emotion-related word in emotion database. 2) The system does morphological analysis for the sentence which can't be tagged emotion in the first step. 3) Searching emotion queries based on emotion-related words are made using emotion database. 4) The system posts the searching emotion queries and each word in the sentence to Mainichi news database and calculates the co-occurrence score. 5) The system changes the score considering the importance of each word. The emotion which has the best co-occurrence score is tagged to the sentence. The experiment result shows that the rate of correctness of the proposed emotion tagging method is about 80%. For emotion based access log analysis, we gathered the access logs of Asahi web news site. The system tags emotion using proposed method to each gathered news headlines. After emotion tagging, the system extracts the emotion based rules from the access logs by counting the frequencies of emotion sequences. As a result of access log analysis we obtained some interesting rules such that users tend to read news which convey positive emotion successively.

著者

川口 良人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本透析医学会

雑誌

日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.1367-1371, 2004-06-28 (Released:2010-03-16)

参考文献数

12

著者

竹内 良英

出版者

JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.917-911, 1994-03-25 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

津志田 藤二郎 鈴木 雅博 黒木 柾吉

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

日本食品工業学会誌 (ISSN:00290394)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.9, pp.611-618, 1994-09-15 (Released:2011-02-17)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

16 77

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リノール酸の自動酸化物がβ-カロチンを退色させることを利用し,その退色の防止活性を指標とした抗酸化性の測定法を用いて, 43種の野菜の80%メタノール抽出液の抗酸化活性を測定し,以下の結果を得た.(1) BHAの抗酸化活性と比較し検討したところ,シュンギクやショウガ,アスパラガス等13種は, BHAが生鮮重100g当たり25mg以上含有されていることに相当する程の活性を示すことが分かった. BHA 5mg/100g以下に相当するものは,カボチャやキウリ,カブ,キャベツ等13種であった.(2) 野菜抽出液のポリフェノール含量と抗酸化性の相関性を検討したところ, 43種の野菜でr=0.7694となり,相関性があることを明らかにした.(3) 比較的抗酸化性の強い3種の野菜の抗酸化性成分をHPLCで分取し,質量分析計等で解析したところ,アスパラガスではルチン,ショウガではヘキサヒドロクルクミンとジンジェロールが同定された.一方シュンギクでは, 3, 5-ジカフェオイルキナ酸および新規のジカフェオイルキナ酸誘導体と推定される成分が得られた.

著者

Yirang Im Tomoyuki Furutani

出版者

Urban and Regional Planning Review編集委員会

雑誌

Urban and Regional Planning Review (ISSN:21873399)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.1-17, 2015 (Released:2015-03-30)

参考文献数

26

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This study is an empirical analysis to identify the underlying characteristics of the policy network for a tourism cooperative between Busan metropolitan city, Korea and Fukuoka city Japan. The relational structure between the key actors has been graphically depicted through the analysis and key actors, and coordinators have been confirmed by period through a centrality analysis. The results indicated that tourism policy network between Busan and Fukuoka led to the formation of public and private actors, the number of actors increased as the project proceeded and their interaction displayed a complex pattern. However, there was transmission of information and resources in each process by the various actor, the acquisition and the mediation of the information and resources was centralized by local governments. This implies that equal distribution of power is needed to maintain network stability.

著者

鈴木 義則 山本 薫

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.9-15, 1985-06-10 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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In the western parts of Japan, there are frequent risks of frost damage on several crops such as tea plants, vine and others in the late spring. Experimental studies on protection of plants from the cold by sprinkling method utilizing latent heat of solidification were carried out to make establish practical application methods for the sake of saving water consumption.The main purpose of the experiments is to find the lowest value of effective sprinkling intensity under several air temperature conditions. Through discussions on the fitness of spray catching ratio, the experimental results were examined with the theoretical values by Niemann's and by the author's.Some results found in the experiments at cold night with radiative cooling are summarized as follows:1) Temperature of iced leaf under sprinkling could not increase up to 0°C under both conditions of lower air temperatures and smaller sprinkling intensity. There were clearly critical point of sprinkling intensity, which could maintain leaf temperature around 0°C. These points which are defined as the lowest value of effective sprinkling intensity were also changed with surrounding air temperatures. They became larger as air temperatures became lower. The relations between them was a linear one (Fig. 3.). Having compared the measured values with the theoretical values in their tendencies in the graph, it was found that the Niemann's one differed from the actual one especially in the lower temperature range but the author's one agree well throughout the giving range of temperature.2) The spray catching ratio measured using grouped branches with leaves of cranberry tree (Viburnum awabuki K. Koch) showed almost constant values in the range from 0.1 to 4.6mm·hr-1 of sprinkling intensity and was about 0.29 on average (Fig. 4.). The theoretical values by Niemann's method changed from 0.27 (at O°C) to 0.36 (at -4°C). On the other hand, the author's one was 0.27 (0--4°C), which was more close value to the experimental one.3) The fall-off of leaf temperature after 20 minutes of sprinkling-off changed proportionally to the initial leaf temperature, when air temperatures were -3.0--5.8°C. They became larger as initial leaf temperature became higher (nearly equal to 0°C). These relations were also changed parallely with air temperatures, that is, the fall-off of leaves temperatures became large as lowering of air temperatures.4) After re-sprinkling, the iced leaf temperature which was lowered to around air temperature began to increase showing the shape of saturation curve. The larger the sprinkling intensity was, the shorter the required time to make plant body temperature 0°C was. But in the case of smaller intensity of sprinkling, the required time became longer exponentially.

著者

種村 健太郎 五十嵐 勝秀 松上 稔子 相崎 健一 北嶋 聡 菅野 純

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

日本トキシコロジー学会学術年会 第37回日本トキシコロジー学会学術年会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.146, 2010 (Released:2010-08-18)

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個体の胎生期~幼若期は脳の発生期~発達期に相当し,その基本構造と共に,神経伝達物質とその受容体を介した神経シグナルによ り神経回路が形成される時期である。従って,この時期の神経作動性化学物質の暴露による神経シグナルかく乱は,異常な神経回路形 成を誘発し,それが成熟後の異常行動として顕在化する蓋然性がある。しかしながら,従来の成熟動物を主対象とした神経行動毒性試 験では,その様な遅発性の異常を検出し難い。そこで,我々は暴露タイミング,情動・認知行動解析,及び神経科学的物証の収集の最 適化により,遅発性中枢神経毒性の発現メカニズム解析と効率的な検出システムの構築を進めている。今回,アミノ酸系神経伝達物質 受容体シグナルをかく乱するイボテン酸(テングダケ毒成分)の結果を報告する。 胎生期(胎生14.5日齢),幼若期(生後2週齢),及び成熟期(生後11週齢)のマウスに対して,イボテン酸(1mg/kg)を単回強制経口投 与(胎生期は母獣投与による経胎盤暴露)した。いずれの群にも,一般状態の異常を認めなかったが,生後12~13週齢時の行動解析に おいて,幼若期投与群に,オープンフィールド試験と明暗往来試験における不安関連行動の逸脱,条件付け学習記憶試験における音 連想記憶能の低下,プレパルス驚愕反応抑制試験における顕著な抑制不全が認められた。投与後2,4,8及び24時間における,海馬 のPercellome法による網羅的遺伝子発現解析の結果,幼若期投与群では,神経系発達において重要な役割を演じるGnRHシグナルや CRHシグナル及びEph受容体シグナルへの影響が,成熟期投与群と比べて極めて大きいことが明らかとなった。これらは幼若期の海馬 の感受性がイボテン酸に対して高いことを示し,また,そのプロファイルは成熟後の遅発性の中枢神経行動毒性発現の分子メカニズム 解明の端緒となる情報をもたらすと考えられた。

著者

Tomofumi TAKAMATSU Junichi TOMITA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.109-126, 2015-04-15 (Released:2015-04-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 6

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Regarding disruptive innovation, Christensen and Raynor (2003) assume that there are two types of customers: overshot customers in existing markets and entirely new nonconsumers in other markets. In the case of large-scale casting market within the casting industry, customers demand high quality casting surfaces. The new method of casting termed full mold casting (FMC) could only achieve low quality results compared with existing wood pattern-based sand mold casting, which had sufficiently high quality in its casting surfaces. Even in that market, however, the casting of metallic molds for automobiles had particular requirements because casting surfaces were later dealt by mold companies. Thus, customers welcomed shorter delivery times even with lower quality casting surfaces. Kimura Chuzosho Co., Ltd. first acquired certain customers who desired shorter delivery times, and then improved casting surface quality and productivity over the course of doing business with them. Eventually, they became successful in capturing more than half the market for automobile metallic mold castings. Improving the quality of casting surfaces led to market share gains for single castings used in machine tools, which demanded higher mid-range casting surface quality. Moreover, by fully mechanizing numerical control (NC) processing, the company was able to acquire market share in castings for high-end mass-produced machine tools, which demanded high-end casting surface quality and was an area that was considered difficult for FMC. In this manner, by keenly focusing on the specific requirements of their customers, Kimura had secured orders from customers who were neither nonconsumers nor overshot customers. As business continued, the company became successful in steadily improving overall quality, cost, delivery (QCD), and FMC became an example of disruptive innovation vis-à-vis existing wood pattern-based sand mold casting. The logic behind occurrences of disruptive innovation is simpler than the analysis of Christensen, Anthony, and Roth (2004): Even if a company can acquire only a small portion of customers with particular, specific requirements using QCD-related technologies, which are perhaps even toy-like in comparison with existing technologies, such company will have opportunities to improve the overall QCD as its business continues.

著者

Mizuki KOBAYASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.97-107, 2015-04-15 (Released:2015-04-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 2

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In general, research on software development outsourcing, which implicitly assumes application software development, tends to ignore hardware product characteristics. However, in embedded software development, the skills and knowledge required of engineers can differ depending on hardware product characteristics. This study employs the data from an interview-based survey to identify the impact of hardware product characteristics on software development outsourcing. In the case of embedded software, engineers at companies that undertake outsourced work must possess not only knowledge of software developed by the outsourcer but also technical information and knowledge regarding hardware product characteristics that can only be acquired from the same client. This accumulation of firm-specific knowledge and information occurs on a continual basis, and is necessary for this type of outsourcing business. Thus, maintaining a low engineer turnover is important.

著者

Mitsuhiro FUKUZAWA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.83-96, 2015-04-15 (Released:2015-04-15)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

3 17

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Beginning in the latter half of the 1990s through the early 2000s, research on dynamic capability (DC) emerged. Teece, Pisano, and Shuen (1997) were famous for being quoted even while only having a working paper, which was subsequently published. They were followed by Eisenhardt and Martin (2000). Then, researchers such as Zollo and Winter (2002) studied routines and organizational learning with a focus on the keyword “capability.” These three influential papers cited the following concepts as elements that comprise DC: 1) the level of environmental change; 2) organizational processes or routines; 3) resource configuration; 4) the role of managers (for example, decision making with regard to resource investment); and 5) learning mechanisms. Later, many researchers adopted a resource-based view (RBV) and presented their studies as incorporating DC if they contained the keywords “change,” “competitive advantage,” or “capability” even though they were merely descriptions of static resource states and discussions of their changes. By casually labeling research on R&D, acquisitions, or alliances as DC theory, these later studies a) caused ambiguity and confusion with regard to what “dynamic” means and b) lost sight of the essence of DC theory with various solutions concerning whether the concept can be explained with the stable characteristic of capability.

著者

Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.67-82, 2015-04-15 (Released:2015-04-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 9

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“Bounded rationality” has become such a key concept that the mere mention of the name “Simon” calls this phrase to mind. Nonetheless, this phrase does not appear in the original text of Administrative Behavior (Simon, 1947, 1957, 1976, 1997). In spite of this, the index of the third edition (Simon, 1976), published two years before Simon received the Nobel Prize in Economics, includes the subheading “Bounded Rationality” in three locations under the heading “Rationality.” This paper combines the writings contained in these three locations into three characteristics: (I) That is bounded by the constraints of individual rationality; (II) That makes it impossible to know all alternative behaviors and their consequences and maximize the given values as assumed in game theory; and (III) The organization provides that with a decision-making environment in which behavior that is rational from the standpoint of the given environment is also rational from the standpoint of the group. In the third edition, Simon essentially called that “bounded rationality” and drew a sharp distinction from game theory. However, the concept embodied in that is Barnard's “restricted but important capacity of choice.”

著者

Tomoka Hisaki Maki Aiba née Kaneko Masahiko Yamaguchi Hitoshi Sasa Hirokazu Kouzuki

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.163-180, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-03-14)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

26

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Use of laboratory animals for systemic toxicity testing is subject to strong ethical and regulatory constraints, but few alternatives are yet available. One possible approach to predict systemic toxicity of chemicals in the absence of experimental data is quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Here, we present QSAR models for prediction of maximum “no observed effect level” (NOEL) for repeated-dose, developmental and reproductive toxicities. NOEL values of 421 chemicals for repeated-dose toxicity, 315 for reproductive toxicity, and 156 for developmental toxicity were collected from Japan Existing Chemical Data Base (JECDB). Descriptors to predict toxicity were selected based on molecular orbital (MO) calculations, and QSAR models employing multiple independent descriptors as the input layer of an artificial neural network (ANN) were constructed to predict NOEL values. Robustness of the models was indicated by the root-mean-square (RMS) errors after 10-fold cross-validation (0.529 for repeated-dose, 0.508 for reproductive, and 0.558 for developmental toxicity). Evaluation of the models in terms of the percentages of predicted NOELs falling within factors of 2, 5 and 10 of the in-vivo-determined NOELs suggested that the model is applicable to both general chemicals and the subset of chemicals listed in International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). Our results indicate that ANN models using in silico parameters have useful predictive performance, and should contribute to integrated risk assessment of systemic toxicity using a weight-of-evidence approach. Availability of predicted NOELs will allow calculation of the margin of safety, as recommended by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS).

著者

中島 道男

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.48-63, 1982-06-30 (Released:2009-10-19)

参考文献数

62

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デュルケムは既存社会諸科学との緊張関係の中で自己の社会学を形成している。「歴史学」に対しても例外なく彼は批判的である。デュルケムの歴史学認識の基礎にあるのは<事件> (événement) と<制度> (institution) の二分法である。両者を区別するのは、法則の存在を科学的思考の決定的要因とする彼の哲学的立場である。<事件>は一見したところいかなる明確な法則からも由来しないように思われ、<事件>の領域は科学に反抗的とされるのである。この二分法を基礎に、彼はセニョーボスに典型的な<事件>に極端な重要性を与える伝統的歴史学を批判し、社会の骨組である<制度>を認識しないならば<事件>を理解することはできない、と主張する。この主張の具体的展開が、従来あまり評価されてこなかった彼の戦争分析である。そこでは、マンタリテすなわち集合心理の側面で捉えられた<制度>と<事件>の関係の考察が中心である。彼は社会学を<制度>の科学と定義しているし、彼が社会学における「説明」を因果関係の確立に求めるときにも、伝統的歴史学批判は底に存在している。これらの意味で、デュルケム社会学における歴史学の位置はネガティヴではあれ大きいといえる。更に、彼の伝統的歴史学批判は歴史学におけるその後の動向と軌を一にするものであり、彼の思想史的意義を示すものである。

著者

堅田 元喜 永井 晴康

出版者

日本エアロゾル学会

雑誌

エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.323-330, 2010 (Released:2011-01-18)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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Recent progress in modeling particle deposition onto vegetation and the issues in validating these models are described in the present paper. Comparisons of size-dependent deposition velocity between calculations and observations may not be sufficient to validate individual modeled processes incorporated in the particle deposition model. The differences of environmental factors between measurements and calculations should be taken into account to validate the modeled processes depending on particle size ranges. Numerical simulations using detailed one-dimensional atmosphere-soil-vegetation model including particle deposition onto vegetation (SOLVEG) developed by the authors was carried out. The model reproduced the measured turbulent fluxes over the coniferous forest canopies for large (> 1 µm) and fine (< several 100 nm) particles. For the sub-micron particles, however, our model underestimated the measured particle deposition velocity obtained from various campaigns. Electrostatic deposition, thermo- and diffusio-phoretic deposition, micro-roughness such as cilium at the leaf surface, and particle growth under humid environment could affect particle deposition in this size range. Vegetation parameters such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and leaf width also have a significant effect on the deposition velocity. This effect should be incorporated into future parameterizations of particle deposition velocity onto vegetation.

著者

山内 稔

出版者

日本作物学会

雑誌

日本作物学会講演会要旨集 第235回日本作物学会講演会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.508, 2013 (Released:2013-03-26)