著者
土居 秀幸 岡村 寛
出版者
日本生態学会暫定事務局
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.1, pp.3-20, 2011
参考文献数
49

群集生態学では、古くから類似度指数を用いた解析が頻繁に用いられてきた。しかし近年、汎用性の高い新たな類似度や検定手法が提案されているにもかかわらず、それらが十分に普及し利用されているとは言い難い。そこで、本総説では、現在までに発表されている代表的で有用な類似度、それを使ったグラフ表示、統計的検定について解説を行う。各類似度の成り立ち、指数ごとの特性、利用方法について初学者向けの説明を試みる。各種手法の理解の助けのため、統計ソフトRのveganパッケージを用いた分析を取り上げ、例題や付録のRコードを用いてveganによる解析手順を紹介する。利用実態としては、Jaccard指数など古くから提案されている指数が近年でも多く用いられているが、Chaoによって近年開発された指数は希少種を考慮した汎用性の高い類似度指数として優れており、Chao指数の利用が促進されることが望ましい。また、類似度を用いた検定についてもPERMANOVAなどの新しい統計手法の利用が図られるべきである。今後の群集解析において、これらの手法が取り入れられることにより、より適切な生態系の評価が行われ、新たな発見につながることが期待される。
著者
清水 富士子
出版者
慶應義塾大学体育研究所
雑誌
体育研究所紀要 (ISSN:02866951)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.p19-29, 1985-12

1. はじめ2. 古代の神の観念3. 島々の祭り4. 祭りと芸能5. むすび
著者
杉本 助男
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.2, pp.27-34, 1986
被引用文献数
1

Mental processes of twelve subjects who underwent thee days of sensory restriction were analyzed upon their self-reports and behaviors emitted during the experiment. Five categories of subject's reaction to the environment of sensory restriction, thinking and fantasy, perceptual experience, emotional state, emitted behavior and posture, and alpha frequencies of EEG, could be better information to estimate the degree of subject's mental deterioration. In order to search the critical point of tolerance for sensory restriction, three types of reaction style, emotion expression, regression-stability and reality coping, were classified. It was suggested that occurrence of impulsive emotion for emotion expression style, recollection of child days in a half-day long for regression-stability style and strong expression of unplesant emotion for reality coping style might be critical for sensory restriction.
著者
田中 皓介 中野 剛志 藤井 聡
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.5, pp.I_353-I_361, 2013
被引用文献数
4

人文社会科学において,"物語"は,人間,あるいは人間の織り成す社会の動態を理解するにあたって重要な役割を役割を担うものと見なされてきている.それ故,人間や社会を対象として,公共的な観点からより望ましい方向に向けた影響を及ぼさんと志す"公共政策"においても,物語は重大な役割を担い得る.また公共政策の方針や実施においては,マスメディアが少なからぬ影響を及ぼしていることが十二分に考えられる.ついては本研究では,現在の日本において,政策が決定,採用されてきた背景を把握するにあたり,新聞の社説を対象とし,新聞各社に共有されている物語を定量的に分析することとする.
著者
木曽 崇 渡邉 雅之
出版者
商事法務
雑誌
NBL (ISSN:02879670)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1014, pp.31-39, 2013-12-01
著者
谷口 和彦 日比野 敏郎
出版者
一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
テレビジョン学会技術報告 (ISSN:03864227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.38, pp.55-60, 1995-08-24
被引用文献数
1

A satellite data broadcast started since April 1995,for the first time in the world. This satellite data broadcast will be received by TV game player "Super famicom" and receiving device "Satella view" as a set. This set will receive data broadcast from the satellite and at the same time reproduce transmitted PCM music broadcast. This made a total1y new broadcasting service "listen while playing" become true.
著者
中井 孝幸 小野 美咲 宮城 喬平
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.729, pp.2359-2369, 2016

&nbsp;Approximately four and a half year has passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake happened on March 11<sup>th</sup>, 2011. Many people are still living in temporary houses. In this article, we regard Miyagi prefecture as an example of the most damaged area, and analyze the difference of users' awareness and sphere before and after the earthquake. The purpose is to arrange and grasp the image of new library.<br>&nbsp;We conducted a survey of all users at 4 libraries, Higashimatsushima, Kesennuma, Minamisanriku and Natori, which are located in the coastal area. Higashimatsushima City Library, having had no damage, started to operate again with the existing building. Kesennuma Library started operating at an early date, closing the damaged section. Minamisanriku Town Library moved to another site and started operating in a temporary wooden building due to the severe damage from Tsunami. Natori City Library was demolished after the disaster, and rebuilt a temporary wooden facility in the same site.<br>&nbsp;Users' sphere shows the similar tendency both on weekdays and weekends. As for Kesennuma and Natori, many users come from nearby. As for Higashimatsushima, they come from a distance of about 6km and as for Minamisanriku, some people come from 20km away. At Kesennuma, user's staying time get longer because students study. The other libraries have smaller number of users staying for a long time, so there is only about 30 to 40 minute of time differences between the weekdays and weekends.<br>&nbsp;On weekends the majority are the children and students, and on weekdays house wives and elderlies. However, signi cant differences between weekends and weekdays couldn't be seen in users' purpose and awareness. The 60% of users are from the ooded area in Higashimatsushima (where the large area were ooded) and Minamisannriku in which they suffered from a great damage of Tsunami. The large part of Natori was also ooded , but users from ooded area are less than that of Higashimatsushima. In Kesennuma, 34% of the library users who lived in the ooded area are still in the temporary housing. 25% of the citizens moved into other places due to the damage of the disaster, but many of them still continue to use the library. The frequencies of use increased in all 4 libraries whether the people live in the ooded place or not, before and after earthquake. Some of them have never used the library until the disaster, and increased the number of people are visiting to seek out for some comfort.<br>&nbsp;It was dif cult for users who suffered damage from Tsunami to use libraries immediately after the disaster. On the other hand, many people say that libraries should have reopened sooner. For getting back a normal life in an unfamiliar environment, it is necessary to have some place to visit in public space. It is important for libraries to play a role not only as the place to read books, but also as the place for people to get together.
著者
中井 孝幸 小野 美咲 宮城 喬平
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.729, pp.2359-2369, 2016

&nbsp;Approximately four and a half year has passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake happened on March 11<sup>th</sup>, 2011. Many people are still living in temporary houses. In this article, we regard Miyagi prefecture as an example of the most damaged area, and analyze the difference of users' awareness and sphere before and after the earthquake. The purpose is to arrange and grasp the image of new library.<br>&nbsp;We conducted a survey of all users at 4 libraries, Higashimatsushima, Kesennuma, Minamisanriku and Natori, which are located in the coastal area. Higashimatsushima City Library, having had no damage, started to operate again with the existing building. Kesennuma Library started operating at an early date, closing the damaged section. Minamisanriku Town Library moved to another site and started operating in a temporary wooden building due to the severe damage from Tsunami. Natori City Library was demolished after the disaster, and rebuilt a temporary wooden facility in the same site.<br>&nbsp;Users' sphere shows the similar tendency both on weekdays and weekends. As for Kesennuma and Natori, many users come from nearby. As for Higashimatsushima, they come from a distance of about 6km and as for Minamisanriku, some people come from 20km away. At Kesennuma, user's staying time get longer because students study. The other libraries have smaller number of users staying for a long time, so there is only about 30 to 40 minute of time differences between the weekdays and weekends.<br>&nbsp;On weekends the majority are the children and students, and on weekdays house wives and elderlies. However, signi cant differences between weekends and weekdays couldn't be seen in users' purpose and awareness. The 60% of users are from the ooded area in Higashimatsushima (where the large area were ooded) and Minamisannriku in which they suffered from a great damage of Tsunami. The large part of Natori was also ooded , but users from ooded area are less than that of Higashimatsushima. In Kesennuma, 34% of the library users who lived in the ooded area are still in the temporary housing. 25% of the citizens moved into other places due to the damage of the disaster, but many of them still continue to use the library. The frequencies of use increased in all 4 libraries whether the people live in the ooded place or not, before and after earthquake. Some of them have never used the library until the disaster, and increased the number of people are visiting to seek out for some comfort.<br>&nbsp;It was dif cult for users who suffered damage from Tsunami to use libraries immediately after the disaster. On the other hand, many people say that libraries should have reopened sooner. For getting back a normal life in an unfamiliar environment, it is necessary to have some place to visit in public space. It is important for libraries to play a role not only as the place to read books, but also as the place for people to get together.
著者
瀬崎 圭二
出版者
東京大学大学院総合文化研究科言語情報科学専攻
雑誌
言語情報科学 (ISSN:13478931)
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.99-112, 2005

資本主義の成熟、交通、情報網の拡張といった外部的環境の変容の中、明治30年代から流行を紹介する雑誌が続々と刊行されると共に、流行を知の対象として位置付け、分析していくような言説が流通していくことになる。そうした中、藤井健治郎の「流行の意義性質及び其伝播に就いて」(『東亜之光』明治43・2)や、三越の流行会会員であった高島平三郎の「流行の原理」(『みつこしタイムス』明治43・7)は、ガブリエル・タルドを初めとした欧米の社会学、心理学の理論を基盤に、科学的に現象としての流行を捉えようとした。やはり流行会の会員であった森鷗外の小説「流行」(『三越』明治44・7)は、一人の男が用いていく事物が全て流行のものとなっていくことを「己」の「夢」として描き出しているが、この小説は、事物の商品化に際した商人や使用人たちの<夢>を表象すると共に、同時代の流行論が展開した覇権への欲望という<夢>を吸収するところに成立している。流行を知の対象とするこうした言説によってその実定性は確保され、まさに1910年前後、単なる一過性のはやりの現象である流行から、常に<新しさ>の誕生と消滅を繰り返す近代の流行、すなわち流行へのシフトチェンジが生じるのである。
著者
秋葉 澄孝
雑誌
全国大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, pp.87-88, 1991-02-25

N-クイーン問題は19世紀に提案された問題であり、現在ではバックトラックや制約充足アルゴリズムなどの評価に利用されている。しかし、この問題に関して知られている事実は個々のNに関するものが多く、一般のNに対して成り立つ事実はあまり知られていない。本報告では、Nが奇数の場合にN-クイ-ン問題の点対称な解を求めるアルゴリズムについて述べる。
著者
山本 真一 長谷場 康宏 樋口 博紀 菊池 裕嗣
出版者
THE JAPANESE LIQUID CRYSTAL SOCIETY
雑誌
日本液晶学会討論会講演予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2009, pp.93-93, 2009

可視光波長程度のオーダーの3次元周期構造を有するブルー相は、格子面に起因した複数の回折光から多色の小板状光学組織を呈する。本研究では、ブルー相が一定の格子面を基板に平行に向ける要因を、固体基板の表面自由エネルギーから検証した。数種の表面自由エネルギーの異なる固体基板に平行配向するブルー相の最安定格子面の比率を調べ、ブルー相の格子面が、固体基板の表面自由エネルギーと一定の相関を示す結果を得た。