著者

Mizue OHE Nobuko IGAKI Ushio SUMITA

出版者

Japanese Association For Mathematical Sociology

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.157-176, 2005 (Released:2007-07-06)

参考文献数

13

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Parametric simulation models are developed for structural analysis of voting behaviors in public referendum. By decomposing the residents into eight groups, a mechanism is established to construct transition probability matrices defined on three states (0: Undecided; 1: YES; 2: NO) where individuals in one group have a common transition probability matrix but such matrices differ across different groups, thereby capturing behavioral patterns of the residents in forming their individual opinions toward the voting date. The underlying parameter values are identified in such a way that the voting results of eight real cases in Japan can be reproduced. The validity is tested through a mock public referendum. The parametric simulation approach proposed in this paper enables one to devise a strategy concerning how to transform the formation of the eight residential groups so as to achieve a target voting result.

著者

Yoko Takata Hiroe Kishine Takefumi Sone Taichi Andoh Masami Nozaki Michael Poderycki Jonathan D. Chesnut Fumio Imamoto

出版者

Japan Society for Cell Biology

雑誌

Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1109300086, (Released:2011-10-06)

被引用文献数

16 19

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Generation of iPS cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) was achieved using a BacMam transduction system containing a polycistronic plasmid expression vector for coincident and optimized expression of four defined reprogramming transcription factors. The sequences for Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc, were cloned as a fusion gene (OKSM) in a single open reading frame (ORF) via self-cleaving 2A peptides and expressed under the control of the CAG promoter. The transduction efficiency of primary MEF cells with BacMam particles carrying CAG-directed Venus reporter gene is 64-98 %. After three successive transductions (at intervals of 3 days) of MEF cells with BacMam particles carrying a OKSM or OSKM cassette, the iPS cell colonies are observed in 15-24 days. A single transduction of MEF cells is also effective in generating sufficiently reprogrammed iPS cell lines. The iPS cell lines from colonies picked were positively stained by Nanog, SSEA-1 immunofluorescence and alkaline phosphatase substrate markers. The advantage of using the EOS-S(4+)-EmGFP reporter to identify sufficiently reprogrammed iPS cell lines is discussed by representing experimental results obtained with electroporated plasmids, such as a mixture of 2 tandem OS and KM plasmids and a polycistronic OKSM expression plasmid.

著者

石田 淳 浜田 宏

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.109-125, 2005 (Released:2007-07-06)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

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浜田・石田 (2003) は, J. ローマーの「機会平等の原則」というアイデアに基づき, 性別や親の地位などの機会の差を仮想的に調整した社会のジニ係数を分析する方法を定式化した. しかしながら, 浜田・石田 (2003) では, ローマー・モデルと仮想的機会調整分析法の仮定の違いが明確に規定されておらず, 機会不平等調整前後のジニ係数の差が統計的に有意であるかどうかも考慮されていなかった.そこで本稿では, ローマーの規範的モデルと仮想的機会調整分析法の違いを明確化しつつ, ブートストラップ法を応用することにより, 機会調整前後のジニ係数の有意差検定を行う手法を提唱する. さらに, 機会変数が比率尺度である場合の分割数に関する問題についても言及し, 分析法の理論的性質を明らかにする. また分析例としてSSMデータを用い, 不動産相続額を機会変数とみなして, 所有不動産額と世帯所得という結果の配分への影響を検証する.

著者

石田 淳

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.97-108, 2005 (Released:2007-07-06)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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数理社会学は, 社会学の一分野であるという意味で, 経験科学に属する. 本稿ではこの基本的な認識を確認しつつ, FKモデルにおけるモデルの検証にかんする問題を指摘する. 具体的には, モデルの初期条件となる「客観階層システム」の想定の仕方によって, モデルと経験的データとの適合度が変わるという問題を指摘し, 理論的に検討を加える. モデルの検証についての厳密な検討を経ることによって, FKモデルの, ひいては数理社会学のより一層の発展が期待される.

著者

下田 学 福永 哲夫 金久 博昭 川上 泰雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.87-97, 2008-06-30 (Released:2008-09-13)

参考文献数

33

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of varying inter-contraction intervals on central and peripheral muscle fatigue during intermittent contractions. Six healthy men carried out maximal unilateral isometric plantar flexions 50 times, separated with an interval of 2, 4, 10, or 30 s. Supramaximal electrical stimuli (twitches) were imposed percutaneously on the tibial nerve during and after every 10th contraction to assess the level of voluntary activation. The surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from the medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG and LG) and soleus (Sol) muscles. Plantar flexion torque and other parameters were maintained over contractions with 30-s intervals, while the torque as well as EMG activity of the MG, LG and Sol and the level of voluntary activation decreased significantly under conditions using 2-, 4-, and 10-s intervals. The amount of decrease in the parameters was greater for shorter intervals. With 2-s intervals, the twitch torque decreased significantly, the half-relaxation time of the twitch torque increased significantly, and the EMG mean power frequency of the MG and LG shifted significantly toward lower frequencies, whereas no significant changes were found under other conditions. These results indicate that there are differences in the contributions of central and peripheral fatigue, both of which are a function of inter-contraction interval.

著者

北島 正樹 若吉 浩二 高橋 篤史 高橋 繁浩 野村 照夫 荻田 太

出版者

日本水泳・水中運動学会

雑誌

水泳水中運動科学 (ISSN:18806937)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.31-38, 2006 (Released:2007-04-25)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study was to determine the critical combination of all four elements which expressed the threshold of fatigue in interval training by using the critical swimming velocity that was an effective index when we set training strength, and to make a model that we could use as an indicator when we prescribed the training menu that accepted an individual. Only for 50m at repeated distance, we set a different rest time in three phases of different swimming velocity each and performed a test to let subjects repeat exercise up to fatigue. In addition, we measured the maximum repetitions that could repeat exercise. As a result, it became clear that the maximum repetitions that could repeat interval training without reaching fatigue in a certain swimming velocity was in proportion to the total rest time. And then, we were able to see the relations with the repetitions and the rest time in three phases of different swimming velocity. Furthermore, we were able to get relations with the rest time and the swimming velocity which expressed the threshold of fatigue in the arbitrary repetitions by fixing the repetitions. It was concluded that we were able to determine the critical combination from the above-mentioned by this study.

著者

片柳 亮太 菅原 俊治

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.76-85, 2011 (Released:2011-01-06)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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We propose an effective method of dynamic reorganization using reinforcement learning for the team formation in multi-agent systems (MAS). A task in MAS usually consists of a number of subtasks that require their own resources, and it has to be processed in the appropriate team whose agents have the sufficient resources. The resources required for tasks are often unknown \ extit{a priori} and it is also unknown whether their organization is appropriate to form teams for the given tasks or not. Therefore, their organization should be adopted according to the environment where agents are deployed. In this paper, we investigated how the structures of network and the number of tasks affect team formations of the agents. We will show that the utility and the success of the team formation is deeply affected by depth of the tree structure and number of tasks.

著者

Noriki Kutsumura Masatoshi Iijima Shohei Toguchi Takao Saito

出版者

The Chemical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.11, pp.1231-1232, 2011-11-05 (Released:2011-10-08)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8

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We have investigated the DBU-promoted HBr-elimination of vicinal dibromides having an adjacent O- and/or N-functional group under mild basic conditions. The elimination of 1-oxygen-functionalized 2,3-dibromopropanes was more regioselective than that of 1-nitrogen-functionalized 2,3-dibromopropanes. This observation suggests that the elimination selectivity is affected by the electronegativity of the neighboring heteroatoms themselves and not by the entire functional group.

著者

村内 佳子 湊 隆幸

出版者

日本リアルオプション学会

雑誌

リアルオプション研究 (ISSN:18815774)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.139-157, 2010 (Released:2010-03-04)

参考文献数

3

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During a project, various risk events may emerge. These risk events lead to decision-makings such as additional investment for project, execution of project, and withdrawal from project. Prepayment and Re-scheduling are typical credit risk events. Prepayment risk is the risk that project fund is reduced before maturity by certain reasons of investors. Re-scheduling risk is the risk that a loan repayment date is postponed because a financial condition of project is worsened at a maturity and repayment of a loan amount is difficult. In this paper we propose the method to evaluate a value of project including these credit risks and establish a structural model to evaluate it.

著者

吉永 耕二

出版者

社団法人 繊維学会

雑誌

繊維学会誌 (ISSN:00379875)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.P_96-P_99, 2004 (Released:2006-02-09)

著者

Ji-Yeon Yoon Min-Hyeok Kang Jae-Seop Oh

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.559-563, 2011 (Released:2011-09-22)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

4 8

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of visual biofeedback on the EMG ratio of the medial and lateral vasti muscles and on the lower extremity joint angles during squat exercises performed by subjects with femoral anteversion. [Subjects] Seventeen subjects (5 men, 12 women) with femoral anteversion participated in this study. [Methods] Subjects performed a double-leg squat with and without visual biofeedback using a laser beam fixed to a patella strap. The peak angles of hip internal rotation and knee valgus were analyzed using a 3D motion analysis system, and the vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis (VMO/VL) activity ratio was calculated using the value recorded by surface electromyography during the squat exercises. [Results] Significant decreases were found in the hip internal rotation angle and knee valgus angle, and a significant increase in the VMO/VL activity ratio was observed on the dominant side when performing a double-leg squat with visual biofeedback using a laser beam. [Conclusions] We suggest that laser-beam visual biofeedback would be used as an effective for improving VMO muscle strength and reducing the angle of hip internal rotation and knee valgus during squat exercises.

著者

Kazuto MISUMI

出版者

Japanese Association For Mathematical Sociology

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.5-25, 2005 (Released:2007-07-06)

参考文献数

21

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Social capital works on whole networks and its process (chance of investment and return) is structured along with the configuration of them. However, in an ordinary survey design, it is quite difficult to locate respondents' personal networks on such macro configurations. Here we introduce a concept of whole-net base. It is as a shared attribute that indicates a latent whole network behind it. Keeping contact with a schoolmate, for example, indicates that the tie is a part of a whole network that consists of latently all graduates of the school. Under a question how social capital is built in the stratification process, we analyze a personal network data from the viewpoint of investment-return through various friends-net bases. The results show that; 1) the upper stratum invests and gets return more than the lower, especially on job-net and school-net bases that directly correspond to socio-economic status, however, 2) it is the lower stratum in which efficient investment (the tendency that more investment correspond to more return) is observed clearly, moreover, the observation is not limited to the specific whole-net base. These suggest a dynamic opportunity structure of social capital: while it reinforces the advantageous socio-economic positioning for the upper stratum, at the same time, it also makes their life chances greater for the lower stratum. However, we have to pay attention to those elder people in the lower of lower strata who do not have any access to social capital.

著者

鈴木 義之 瀬崎 ひとみ 芥田 憲夫 鈴木 文孝 瀬古 裕也 今井 則博 平川 美晴 川村 祐介 保坂 哲也 小林 正宏 斎藤 聡 荒瀬 康司 池田 健次 小林 万利子 熊田 博光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会

雑誌

肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.147-149, 2011 (Released:2011-03-22)

参考文献数

4

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To further improve therapeutic effect on chronic hepatitis C, we have administered NS3 inhibitor and NS5A inhibitor together, and examined effects of early antiviral agent therapy. The subjects were five cases where interferon is ineffective (null responders). The NS5A and NS3 inhibitors are oral drugs and were daily administered for 24 weeks. Figure 1 shows time-dependent change of the number of viruses after the therapy started, and rapid decrease of viruses is recognized. Within 12 hours, HCV-RNA decreased by more than 2 log IU/ml in every patient. Two patients became negative for the virus by the 15th day after the therapy started. Furthermore, 80% of cases by the 28th day and all the cases by the 56th day became negative. The new therapy has manifested excellent early antiviral effect.

著者

永田 雅彦 南光 弘子

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.3-8, 2010 (Released:2010-04-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 2

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約6年間に皮膚科診療施設を受診した犬1,407頭,猫178頭,ヒト患者24,657人を対象とし,Common Skin Diseases(CSD)を比較検討した。ヒトと犬に共通するCSDは脂漏性皮膚炎,アトピー性皮膚炎,疥癬で,ヒトと猫に共通するCSDは皮膚炎・湿疹,皮膚糸状菌症(白癬)であった。なお犬と猫ではヒトのCSDである接触皮膚炎,ウイルス性疾患,母斑性疾患などの受診がまれであった。ヒトおよび犬と猫の両者に共通してみられる各種皮膚疾患の名称,定義,概念の統一化に課題はあるが,上記疾患を中心とした比較皮膚科学的検討の有用性が示唆された。

著者

安藤 孝志 原田 良夫

出版者

一般社団法人 表面技術協会

雑誌

表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.8, pp.514-514, 2008 (Released:2009-03-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

著者

枝川 圭一

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.181-183, 1999 (Released:2008-09-22)

著者

Seiya Hirohama Dai Takeda Mamoru Iwasaki Kazushige Kawamura

出版者

The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

雑誌

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN (ISSN:00219592)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.588-593, 1996 (Released:2005-03-15)

参考文献数

9

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The activity coefficients of HSO3– and H+ were determined in concentrated aqueous solutions of NaCl in order to provide a theoretical basis for using sea water as a solvent in flue gas desulfurization processes.The activity coefficient of HSO3– was determined at 313 K and 323 K by measuring the pH of mixtures of NaCl, H2O and small amounts of NaHSO3 at a known partial pressure of SO2. The activity coefficient of H+ was determined over a temperature range of 296 K–333 K by measuring the pH of mixtures of NaCl, H2O and small amounts of HCl.As the ionic strength increased, the activity coefficient of HSO3– decreased while that of H+ increased. The Pitzer Equation could correlate the activity coefficients of both species with reasonable accuracies for practical use.

著者

Akira Suzuki Yasunori Yamamoto

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.9, pp.894-901, 2011-09-05 (Released:2011-09-05)

参考文献数

88

被引用文献数

145

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The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron compounds and various organic halides or triflates in the presence of base provides a powerful and general methodology for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. The Csp2–B compounds (such as aryl- and 1-alkenylboron derivatives) and Csp3–B compounds (alkylboron compounds) readily cross-couple with organic electrophiles to give coupled products selectively in high yields. Recently, the Csp–B compounds (1-alkynylboron derivatives) have been also observed to react with organic electrophiles to produce expected cross-coupled products. The overview of some of such coupling reactions is discussed here in this article.

著者

菅沼 一男 丸山 仁司

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.6, pp.773-776, 2008 (Released:2009-01-28)

参考文献数

11

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[目的]本研究は,健常人を対象とし広範囲侵害抑制調節(以下DNIC)が立位体前屈の指床間距離に及ぼす即時的効果について検討した。[対象]対象は,健常者40名(男性20名,女性20名),平均年齢20.7歳であった。「方法」方法は1日に30秒程度の間隔をあけ3回の連続した立位体前屈の指床間距離を測定することとし,各測定日間の相互の影響を考慮し,各測定日の間隔を3日間あけ,1日目,5日目,9日目に測定を行った。DINCの介入による影響を検証するために5日目の2回目のみ,手の背側骨間筋に圧迫刺激による痛み刺激を与えるDNICの介入を行った。[結果]1日目および9日目の測定値は1回目から3回目の各測定値間には有意差はみられなかった。しかし,5日目においては,男女合わせた測定値が1回目から3回目の順に-8.3±7.0 cm,0.1±6.1 cm,-0.4±6.0 cmであり有意差がみられた。[結語]DNICの介入により,立位体前屈の指床間距離の改善が認められ,少なくとも介入時および直後まで効果の持続が確認された。

著者

Chih-Yang Chiu Chia-Ying Li Chao-Chen Chiu Masatake Niwa Susumu Kitanaka Amooru Gangaiah Damu E-Jian Lee Tian-Shung Wu

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.9, pp.1118-1121, 2005 (Released:2005-09-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

11 20

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Three new flavonoid derivatives, 6′′′-O-acetyl amurensin (1), 6′′′-O-acetyl phellamurin (3) and (2R)-phellodensin-F (5), together with thirty known compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Phellodendron japonicum MAXIM. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 2D NMR and Mass spectra. The known compounds were identified by comparison with published physical and spectral data. The isolated compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Compounds quercetin and phellodenin-A demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity.