著者
山口 容平 永山 紗弥子 下田 吉之 西山 満 西端 康介 今井 和哉 濱根 潤也 三瀬 農士
出版者
社団法人空気調和・衛生工学会
雑誌
空気調和・衛生工学会論文集 (ISSN:0385275X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.197, pp.1-9, 2013-08-05

小規模事務所ビルは床面積に占めるペリメータ域の比率が高く,外部環境からの熱的影響を受けやすい。また,外皮の断熱対策が十分に行われていないものが多い。このような性質を持つ事務室を対象として,空調負荷および室内空気温度の分布を計測した。その結果,冬期において,外皮からの熱負荷によって机の下など床面付近に低温度の空気が滞留し,垂直方向に大きな温度差が形成されていることが確認された。一方,空調機は室内の代表点温度によって制御を行うため,垂直方向の温度分布によって室内への供給熱量が過小となり,室内の快適性が確保されていないことが確認された。このような状況の改善のため,建物外皮の断熱性能の向上,室内温度分布を考慮した空調システムの制御を行うことを想定して熱負荷計算を行い,空調熱需要の低減効果を推計した。
著者
福井 勝則 大久保 誠介 羽柴 公博
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2007

AM帯域に混在する電磁波の観測を行い, 地震発生の1ヶ月前から電磁ノイズが増加し始め, 10日前にピークに達し, その後低下し(空白期間といえる部分が存在), 地震に至るという例が多数見られることを示した. 岩石破壊試験を実施した結果, 電磁ノイズなどの予兆現象が地震のかなり前にピークを迎えることは解釈が難しく, 破壊の集中あるいは水の移動により, 空白期間が発生した可能性が高いことを示した.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経情報ストラテジ- (ISSN:09175342)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.9, pp.51-53, 2004-10

「お客様を犠牲にしてまで、社内の効率化を進めるのは恥ずかしいこと。いまは品質向上に全力を挙げている」 自動車部品や電子部品を製造するスタンレー電気の金田末夫常務は、反省の弁をこう述べる。 スタンレーは1997年から経営トップ主導で、トヨタグループを模範とする企業改革に積極的に取り組み、現場の改善活動を進めてきた。
著者
橋本 翔 小俣 弘樹 松永 久生
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.852, pp.16-00585-16-00585, 2017 (Released:2017-08-25)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tests were conducted using rolling bearings with a micro-drilled hole on the raceway. In all the tests, fatigue crack initiated at the edge near the bottom of the hole, and then propagated by shear mode. Even in the unbroken specimens tested up to N = 1×108 cycles, a short fatigue crack was found at the edge. By using stress intensity factor (SIF) range calculated for initial defect size, fatigue life data were uniformly gathered inside a small band irrespective of the diameter and depth of the hole. In addition, it was found that the crack size dependency of threshold SIF range, which is well-known for mode I fatigue crack, also exists in mode II fatigue crack emanating under the rolling contact. The values of threshold SIF ranges obtained by the RCF tests were in good agreement with those obtained in the torsional fatigue tests under a static compression.
著者
原 正之
出版者
人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 (ISSN:13479881)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, 2017

コグネティクスとは,ロボティクス,ハプティクス,VRなどの工学技術の活用により認知神経科学研究,特にヒトの身体認知に関わる研究で新しい手法を実現し,その基本メカニズムを解明・応用することを目指す学際的取り組みである.本発表ではコグネティクスに関わる研究成果をいくつか紹介し,私達の持つ工学技術・知識が認知神経科学研究にどのように貢献でき,また得られる知見をどのように利用できるかについて議論する.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1451, pp.110-113, 2008-07-28

ニューヨークの中心部にそびえ立つ高層ビル。厳重なセキュリティーチェックを通して案内されたトレーディングルームには、中央部を囲んでデスクやモニターが所狭しと並ぶ。ここは、米大手資産運用会社のブラックロックの社内。同社が扱っているのは、世界を震撼させた巨額の不良資産だ。
著者
Philippe BARON Shoken ISHII Kozo OKAMOTO Kyoka GAMO Kohei MIZUTANI Chikako TAKAHASHI Toshikazu ITABE Toshiki IWASAKI Takuji KUBOTA Takashi MAKI Riko OKI Satoshi OCHIAI Daisuke SAKAIZAWA Masaki SATOH Yohei SATOH Taichu Y. TANAKA Motoaki YASUI
出版者
(公社)日本気象学会
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.5, pp.319-342, 2017 (Released:2017-10-04)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
10

A feasibility study of tropospheric wind measurements using a coherent Doppler lidar aboard a super low altitude satellite is being conducted in Japan. The considered lidar uses a 2.05 μm laser light source of 3.75 W. In order to assess the measurement performances, simulations of wind measurements were conducted. The mission definition is presented in a companion paper (Part 1) while, in this paper, we describe the measurement simulator and characterize the errors on the retrieved line-of-sight (LOS) winds. Winds are retrieved from the Doppler-shift of the noisy backscattered signal with a horizontal resolution of 100 km along the orbit track and a vertical resolution between 0.5 and 2 km. Cloud and wind fields are the pseudo-truth of an Observing System Simulation Experiment while aerosol data are from the Model-of-Aerosol-Species-IN-the-Global-AtmospheRe (MASINGAR) constrained with the pseudo-truth wind. We present the results of the analysis of a full month of data in summer time for a near-polar orbiting satellite and a LOS nadir angle of 35°. Below ≈ 8 km, the ratio of good retrievals is 30-55 % and the median LOS wind error is better than 0.6 m s−1 (1.04 m s−1 for the horizontal wind). In the upper troposphere, the ratio is less than 15 % in the southern hemisphere and high-latitudes. However, the ratio is still 35 % in the northern Tropics and mid-latitudes where ice-clouds frequently occur. The upper-tropospheric median LOS-wind measurement error is between 1-2 m s−1 depending on the latitude (1.74-3.5 m s−1 for the horizontal wind). These errors are dominated by uncertainties induced by spatial atmospheric inhomogeneities.
著者
Shoken ISHII Philippe BARON Makoto AOKI Kohei MIZUTANI Motoaki YASUI Satoshi OCHIAI Atsushi SATO Yohei SATOH Takuji KUBOTA Daisuke SAKAIZAWA Riko OKI Kozo OKAMOTO Toshiyuki ISHIBASHI Taichu Y. TANAKA Tsuyoshi T. SEKIYAMA Takashi MAKI Koji YAMASHITA Tomoaki NISHIZAWA Masaki SATOH Toshiki IWASAKI
出版者
(公社)日本気象学会
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.95, no.5, pp.301-317, 2017 (Released:2017-10-04)
参考文献数
57
被引用文献数
15

A working group is studying the feasibility of a future Japanese space-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) for global wind profile observation. This study is composed of two companion papers: an instrumental overview of the space-borne CDWL for global wind profile observation (Part 1), and the wind measurement performance (error and bias) investigated using a full-fledged space-borne CDWL simulator (Part 2). This paper aims to describe the future space-borne CDWL in terms of technical points and observation user requirements. The future mission concept is designed to have two looks for vector wind measurement with vertical resolutions of 0.5 (lower troposphere: 0-3 km), 1 (middle troposphere: 3-8 km), and 2 km (upper troposphere: 8-20 km) and horizontal resolution of < 100 km along a satellite. The altitude and orbit of the satellite are discussed from a scientific viewpoint. The candidate altitude and orbit of the satellite are 220 km and an inclination angle of 96.4° (polar orbit) or 35.1° (low-inclination-angle orbit). The technical requirements of the space-borne CDWL are a single-frequency 2-μm pulse laser with an average laser power of 3.75 W, two effective 40-cm-diameter afocal telescopes, a wide-bandwidth (> 3.4 GHz) detector, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter, and a systematic lidar efficiency of 0.08. The space-borne CDWL looks at two locations at a nadir angle of 35° at two azimuth angles of 45° and 135° (225° and 315°) along the satellite track. The future space-borne CDWL wind profile observation will fill the gap of the current global wind observing systems and contribute to the improvement of the initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP), the prediction of typhoons and heavy rain, and various meteorological studies.
著者
飯田 俊穂 熊谷 一宏
出版者
日本バイオフィードバック学会
雑誌
バイオフィードバック研究 (ISSN:03861856)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, pp.44-52, 2000-03-31
被引用文献数
2

高血圧の治療目的は, 高血圧による臓器障害の予防と患者のQua1ityofLife(QOL)の向上にあると言われている.また, 医療環境における随時血圧は高血圧の範疇に入るにもかかわらず, 家庭など非医療環境下で正常血圧である一群は白衣高血圧として広くその概念が知られている.第6次米国高血圧合同委員会報告(1997)では, 非薬物療法の一つとして精神緊張緩和療法[リラクセーションまたはバイオフィードバック療法(BF療法)]を取り上げている.そこで今回, 心因の関与の立場から臓器障害を認めない白衣高血圧にBF療法を導入し, 7年以上長期観察することで臓器障害の予防・QOLの向上にBF療法が効果があるかどうかを検討した.BF療法を20回以上施行した72例のうち7年以上長期観察し得た37例を対象に臓器障害の出現の有無で2群に分け比較した.4年時までは両群とも外来時血圧, 血中カテコラミン値(CA)の有意の低下, 愁訴の改善を認めBF療法は有効であった.しかし, 7年時において臓器障害の出現した群は, 外来時血圧, 不安尺度, CA値の上昇を認めた.白衣高血圧の長期予後からみたBF療法導入の適応は, 愁訴を多く認め, 不安尺度が高値で, α波の基本出現率が50%以上の高値例には積極的に考慮でき, 効果判定には, 外来時血圧の低下だけでなくα波出現率(随意制御)やα波出現の予想的中率(弁別)も加える必要が示された.経過観察には, 外来時血圧, CA値, 不安尺度, α波出現率・予想的中率の推移をみることが示された.
著者
梶田 孝道
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
no.110, pp.1-22,L5, 1995

The rights of foreigners, including their right to vote in local elections, are expanding in the European Union as the integration of Europe not only allows people to freely travel across the borders in the region but also has brought about the new legal concept of European citizenship.<br>Western Europe, however, has experienced an inflow and settlement of Asian and African immigrants and faces a serious problem concerning their social, economic and political rights. The purpose of this article is to explain the current status of the right of foreigners to vote in local elections in Western Europe and to generalize over the issue by comparing Western European countries with each other.<br>The current status of suffrage of foreigners in local elections in Western Europe will be briefly discussed. The countries which have granted foreigners the right to vote in local elections include Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands. The remains of colonialism can be seen in the United Kingdom's approach to the issue, because the country has vested citizenship and suffrage to people from the Commonwealth of Nations. Ireland has also granted foreigners the right to vote, while the country decides whether it grants foreigners suffrage based on the historical relations between the United Kingdom and the countries the foreigners are from. The suffrage of foreigners has not yet been granted in France and Germany which have attracted many foreign workers, of whom Asian and African immigrants and Muslims account for a large percentage, although the issue has aroused much controversy in the two countries. These examples clearly indicate that the situations surrounding each country affect its approach to the issue of the right of foreigners to vote in a subtle way.<br>We will next examine a group of factors which enable countries to grant foreigners the right to vote and a group of factors which prevent them from doing so. The former group of factors includes the history of granting foreigners suffrage in a certain region, such as North Europe, a close relation between the former colonies and suzerains, the diplomatic policy of the country concerned (e. g. Sweden), free trade and the openness of the country. The latter group includes the ideology of a strong nation state (e. g. France), strong nationality (e. g. Germany), the ratio of foreigners to total population, a large cultural and religious distance between society which foreigners come from and society which accepts them (e. g. France and Germany) and the existence of a strong anti-foreigner movement.<br>Next, the logic behind granting the suffrage to foreigners and the logic against it will be discussed, and based on this discussion, the reasons why some countries have granted foreigners the right to vote and why others have not will be examined. The experiences in Western Europe could offer many suggestions to Japan which is facing the problem of whether to grant foreigners the right to vote in local elections. The problem of the suffrage of foreigners tends to be discussed at the level of norms, and there is little discussion on the matter from a positive point of view, such as how foreigners will be granted the right to vote and how heavy their turnout will be. Japan will be able to learn many things from experiences of Western Europe concerning this problem.
著者
鈴木 規子
出版者
The European Union Studies Association-Japan
雑誌
日本EU学会年報 (ISSN:18843123)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.23, pp.212-230,307, 2003

In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht institutionalised the rights of European Union citizens to vote in local elections in their country of residence. This paper describes the main characteristics of the concept of EU citizenship and analyses the way in which national and/or European identities affected the voting behaviour of non-French residents during the French local elections in March 2001.<br>The introduction of these limited political rights within the EU established the notion of "multiple citizenship", combining both the traditional idea of citizenship of a nation-state, and that of the new wider citizenship based on a multi-national agreement.<br>The author takes the case of the March 2001 local elections, when some reluctance to extend voting rights to include all EU citizens residing in France became apparent amongst the French public, and political parties adopted different attitudes to the issue, in some cases even questioning the basic principle of giving foreigners the right to vote. The newly acquired rights of EU citizens were seen to have created unequal political status in the absence of similar rights for long-term residents in France from non-EU countries.<br>It is important to note that majority of EU citizens in France who have obtained voting rights are from South European countries such as Portugal, Italy and Spain. This fact has drawn the attention of many political parties which had in fact encouraged those with South European nationalities, particularly Portuguese, to stand for the local election of March 2001. The paper argues that some political parties expected these candidates with South European nationalities to attract a large number of potential voters among EU citizens from South European countries.<br>Another aspect covered by the paper concerns the various levels of identity—local, national and regional—reflected in the exercise of voting rights of EU expatriates, within a political system which recognizes the diversity of cultural origins of its electorate.<br>Finally, the author suggests possible future means of achieving European integration and describes several incidents which illustrate the impact of the participation of non-French EU citizens in local elections.
著者
石山 育朗 鈴木 政登 佐藤 誠 中村 泰輔
出版者
Japanese Society for Mastication Science and Health Promotion
雑誌
日本咀嚼学会雑誌 (ISSN:09178090)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.55-69, 2006-11-30 (Released:2010-07-21)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
3

健康な20~42歳の男性9名を対象に, チューインガム咀嚼は交感神経系と副交感神経系のいずれをより亢進させるのかを明らかにするため, ガム咀嚼時の循環系(心拍数, 血圧, 心拍パワースペクトル), 唾液成分, 脳波(α ・β 波)を指標として検討した.実験には2種類の硬さ(soft, hard)のテアニン含有ガム(RX)と, ガムベースのみの対照ガム(C)を用い, 成分の影響等を比較した.RX, Cガム咀噛時ともに心拍数, 血圧の増加と唾液分泌量が増加し, 指尖容積脈波波高(WH)は低下した.唾液分泌量, 唾液総蛋白, 唾液α アミラーゼ濃度および電解質濃度は, RXガム咀嚼時に著しく増加した.Cガム咀嚼時には分泌型免疫グロブリンA(slgA)濃度と心拍パワースペクトル低周波/高周波成分比(LF/HF)が低下したが, RXガム咀嚼時には変化が認められなかった.コルチゾール濃度の変化はみられなかった.また, Cガム咀嚼時の脳波α 波の抑制が顕著にみられた.これらの結果から, ガムの味の有無に関わらずガム咀嚼中は交感神経系活動の亢進が顕著となるが, 口腔内では副交感神経系を同時亢進させ, 味付きガム(RX)の唾液分泌への影響は顕著であった.両ガムとも咀嚼終了によって循環系から推定する副交感神経系反応は顕著になるが, 唾液中sIgAと脳波α波の増減から推定したリラックス効果は, 咀噛刺激よりもリラックス成分の影響によると推察された.
著者
宋王應麟撰
出版者
慶元路儒學刊
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[49], 1340