著者
外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 肖 雨知 三和 秀平 相川 充
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.91, no.3, pp.155-164, 2020 (Released:2020-08-25)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
2

This study focused on the relationship between regulatory focus and creative performance. We investigated the effects of ego involvement on enhancing motivation in task performance. We hypothesized that there are no differences in creativity based on the degree of ego involvement in promotion-focused individuals, whereas creativity would be higher in prevention-focused individuals with higher ego involvement. University students (N = 128) participated in the study. The results supported the hypothesis. When ego involvement was high, there were no differences in creativity between promotion-focused and prevention-focused individuals on three indicators of creativity. Based on these three indicators, prevention-focused individuals were more creative than promotion-focused individuals. Moreover, prevention-focused individuals who worked on a task patiently and persistently achieved equal or better creative performance than promotion-focused individuals.
著者
飯島 雄大 丹野 義彦
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.3, pp.232-236, 2012 (Released:2012-11-23)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
9 9

The present study investigated the effects of cognitive load on the temporal focus of mind wandering. Participants performed a cognitive-load task under three load conditions (0 back, 1 back, 2 back). During each condition, thought sampling was conducted to measure task-unrelated thoughts. When a thought probe was presented, participants responded what they were just thinking. The results showed that future-related thoughts were reduced with increasing cognitive-load. On the other hand, past-related thoughts were not reduced under moderate cognitive-load but were under high cognitive-load. This indicates that future-related thoughts require additional resources. Furthermore, future-related thoughts were more prevalent than past-related thoughts under low cognitive-load. These findings may indicate that a future prospective bias is important for survival.
著者
土肥 伊都子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, pp.PS-002-PS-002, 2020

<p>土肥(2006;2009)は,男女大学生に,男女3人ずつの飲み会で,酒代の合計12,000円の場合の,男女別の支払い額を決定させる実験を行った。本研究は,これらと同一内容をGoogle Formで作成し,女性266名,男性91名の大学生に対して,インターネット上で回答させ,比較検討したものである。実験の結果,第一に,女性より男性の支払い額を高くすべきというジェンダー・ステレオタイプに沿った判断が,第二に,男性であれ女性であれ,酒をよく飲むほど支払い額もそれに応じて高くすべきという判断が,以前と同様に認められた。ただし,第二の判断の傾向が,今回,より強まった。すなわち,多くのケースで,女性の支払い額が男性の支払い額に近づく傾向がみられた。第三に,女性性優位型の女性が,男性より女性の方がより多く支払うべきと判断する傾向が,前回とは異なり今回は見られなかった。男性が多く支払うことを良しとしない傾向が強まるということは,将来の夫婦関係において,夫の稼得責任を妻が期待しなくなること,ひいては「男は仕事,女は家庭」というジェンダーを変えていくことにつながる可能性があると考察した。</p>
著者
和田 実
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.3, pp.186-194, 2001-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1 1

This study examined the differences between interpersonal relationship of same-sex old friends (OF) and that of new friends (NF). It also investigated the effects of physical distance with an old friend and gender on the friendship. Respondents were 208 undergraduates, 86 men and 122 women, who chose one of most intimate person each from same-sex friends they had made before and after they entered a university, and answered questions to describe their relationship. Results showed that relationship satisfaction and tired feeling were higher for OF than NF. Spending time together and talking over telephone were more frequent for NF than OF, but for each occasion together or over telephone, OF spent longer time than NF. OF expected more self-disclosure between them than NF. Gender differences in friendship expectation were similar to previous findings (Wada, 1993, 1996). Furthermore, gender and physical distance both influenced the frequencies of OF spending time together and over telephone. These findings are discussed in terms of gender differences in friendship.
著者
白神 敬介 川野 健治
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.3, pp.251-261, 2018 (Released:2018-08-28)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
2 3

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a useful evaluation measure of medical, health, and welfare activities, but it is difficult to apply it at the individual level. To solve this problem, we analyzed a widely used HRQOL instrument, the Medical Outcomes Study short form-36 (SF-36), using latent rank theory (LRT) to try to identify findings useful for supporting health care activities. We analyzed data from 2952 people obtained in a population health survey. In Analysis 1, we examined the feasibility of applying LRT. In Analysis 2, we performed qualitative interpretation analysis of the LRT results of Analysis 1 to determine more effective use of support activities in local public health care. Analysis 1 showed that LRT could properly extract information from SF-36 data. In Analysis 2, the LRT results allowed for the classification of each subject based on HRQOL status. The method would therefore be useful for determining appropriate interventions and selecting subjects for interventions. This study demonstrated a new methodology to more effectively use HRQOL measures in health care and psychological support.
著者
志村 ゆず
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, pp.PD-129-PD-129, 2020

<p>新型コロナウィルスの感染拡大は,未曾有の不安を人々にもたらした。コロナ禍はこれまでにない特性の影響力を持っている。拡大地域では感染症予防によって人々の対面交流が妨げられ,日常生活で通常行っている様々な心理的回復の資源が剥奪された。このような心理的急性期に苦肉の策として感染拡大地域の教育現場では,オンライン授業が導入され始めた。これまで実験場面では筆記法の効果が検討され,実践場面でも専門職による電話相談や遠隔カウンセリングなどが実施されている。</p><p>本研究では,大学のオンライン授業が実施される中で,不安管理のために大学生にオンライン筆記法を実施した。執筆中は心理的配慮についても慎重に行った。本人の承諾を得て個人情報に留意し執筆内容の質的分析を行った。不安内容についてはオンライン筆記の内容より不安や効果に関する記述を抜き出して語りの質を検討した。結果は,次の観点から検討した。1不安の記述についての表現の明確さ,2実際の感染状況との関連性,3不安を乗り越えようとする努力の焦点であった。この観点を考慮に入れ,筆記法の効果や問題点や留意点などについて考察した。</p>
著者
橋口 捷久
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.68-74, 1985-06-20 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
23

In this study, it was hypothesized that (1) both task- and performance-contingent rewards would undermine intrinsic motivation for high-interest task but enhance it for low-interest one, that (2) in the high-interest task conditions, performance-contingent rewards would undermine intrinsic motivation more than task-contingent ones, and that (3) in the low-interest task conditions, performance-contingent rewards would enhance intrinsic motivation more than task-contingent ones. Ninety female undergraduate subjects were offered task-contingent (300 yen for participating in the task for 8 min) or performance-contingent (piece rate: 15 yen for each 10 characters deciphering) rewards, or no reward, for working on a decipherment task called a cipher game of high or low interest. Results indicated that both task- and performance-contingent rewards, which did not differ from each other, undermined intrinsic motivation for high-interest task. Task-contingent rewards enhanced intrinsic motivation for low-interest task, but performance-contingent rewards did not affect it. These results were discussed in terms of a general approach to the self-perception of intrinsic motivation.