著者

Kei Nakayama Mari Kondo Tomoko Okuno Nurhanani Razali Hiroshi Hasegawa

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.b22-00842, (Released:2022-12-27)

参考文献数

29

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Immune suppression in elderly individuals is one of the most important hygienic problems in aged societies. The primary immune organ thymus is histologically and functionally reduced by aging, which is known as thymic involution. The thymus is also involuted by nutritional deficiency, which frequently occurs in elderly individuals. However, there is no information on the thymic changes caused by nutritional deficiency with aging. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the histological and molecular responses of the thymus to nutritional deficiency in young and aged mice. The thymic size was significantly smaller in 16- or 18-week-old aged mice than in 7-week-old young mice. Dietary restriction for 48 h reduced the thymic size in young mice, but not in aged mice. Immunostaining with anti-keratin 5 antibody revealed that the integrity of the corticomedullary boundary was maintained in the aged thymus, whereas dietary restriction induced its disorganization in both young and aged thymus. The numbers of IgG-positive cells were increased upon dietary restriction in aged, but not in young, thymus. Dietary restriction, but not aging, upregulated the mRNA levels of Th2-related Il5, Il6, and Il10, whereas aging increased that of Th1-related Ifng. The dietary restriction–induced upregulation of prostanoid-synthesizing enzymes was clearly observed in the young thymus but attenuated in the aged thymus. Thus, nutritional deficiency and aging cause an involuted thymus with different properties. Moreover, the thymus in aged mice does not show further reduction in size by nutritional deficiency but still responds differently compared with that in young mice.

著者

日展史編纂委員会企画・編集

出版者

日展

巻号頁・発行日

1980

著者

松岡 智子

出版者

加計学園倉敷芸術科学大学

雑誌

倉敷芸術科学大学紀要 = The bulletin of Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts (ISSN:13443623)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.15-26, 2013-03-01

著者

東 範行

出版者

日本神経眼科学会

雑誌

神経眼科 (ISSN:02897024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.216-222, 2022-09-25 (Released:2022-09-30)

参考文献数

8

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我々はヒトiPS細胞,ES細胞から長い軸索をもつ網膜神経節細胞(RGC)を自己的に分化させることに初めて成功した.これによってヒト細胞を用いて視神経の研究をin vitroで行うことが可能となった.疾患の細胞モデルを作製すれば,その発生や病態の分子メカニズムを検討することができる.遺伝性疾患では,患者細胞からiPS細胞を作製してRGCに分化させ,非遺伝性疾患(虚血性視神経症,緑内障,外傷)ではiPS細胞/ES細胞由来のRGCにストレス(低酸素,加圧,伸展)を加えてモデルとする.ヒト細胞を用いた薬物評価系は神経保護薬や神経再生薬の創薬に大きく役立つ.また,発生学や神経学の基礎研究にも寄与すると思われる.RGCの移植は難しいが,マウスでは網膜内に生着して軸索伸長することも確認されている.ヒトRGCのin vitro研究は,さまざまな分野で研究や臨床に応用できることが期待される.

著者

犬竹 正幸

出版者

拓殖大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

拓殖大学論集. 人文・自然・人間科学研究 = The journal of humanities and sciences (ISSN:13446622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.1-28, 2022-03-25

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カントは30年以上にわたる哲学的思索の末に,批判哲学を樹立するに至ったが,この批判哲学へと向かう思索の歩みの途上において決定的な役割を果たしたものは,カントの空間論(の変遷)であったと思われる。カントはその哲学活動の開始以来,自然哲学と形而上学との関係というテーマ,より正確には,ニュートン力学に代表される近代自然科学の形而上学的基礎づけというテーマを自己の主要な哲学的課題の一つとしていた。カントは初期には,この問題をライプニッツやヴォルフの形而上学のうちに受け継がれている伝統的な形而上学の枠組の下で考えていたが,ニュートン力学の理解が深まり,とりわけ,その基礎に絶対空間という形而上学的前提がおかれるべき必然性を理解するにつれて,空間の関係説を内包する伝統的形而上学に対する深刻な疑念が生じてきた。そして68年の『方位論文』における絶対空間の存在論証を経て,69年には,空間・時間をわれわれの感性的直観の形式として捉える空間・時間の超越論的観念性の理論へと至ったと思われる。その成果が70年の『就任論文』であったが,そこに展開された形而上学は,批判哲学への扉を開いただけの過渡期の形而上学であり,批判哲学の完成には,なお10年余にわたる茨の道を歩む必要があった。

著者

Chihiro Nishiura Yosuke Inoue Ikuko Kashino Akiko Nanri Motoki Endo Masafumi Eguchi Takeshi Kochi Noritada Kato Makiko Shimizu Teppei Imai Akiko Nishihara Makoto Yamamoto Hiroko Okazaki Kentaro Tomita Toshiaki Miyamoto Shuichiro Yamamoto Tohru Nakagawa Toru Honda Takayuki Ogasawara Naoko Sasaki Ai Hori Isamu Kabe Tetsuya Mizoue Seitaro Dohi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.9, pp.431-437, 2022-09-05 (Released:2022-09-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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Background: While it is essential to understand how long is sufficient for return-to-work when designing paid sick-leave systems, little attempt has been done to collect cause-specific information on when and how many of sickness absentees returned to work, became unemployed, or passed away.Methods: We studied the first sick-leave episode of ≥30 consecutive days in those ≤55 years of age during 2012–2013 among employees of 11 Japanese private companies (n = 1,209), which were followed until 2017. Overall and disease-specific cumulative incidences of return-to-work, resignations, and deaths were estimated using competing risk analysis.Results: During the 3.5-year period (follow-up rate: 99.9%), 1,014 returned to work, 167 became unemployed, and 27 died. Overall, return-to-work occurred within 1 year in 74.9% of all absentees and in 89.3% of those who successfully returned to work. Resignation occurred within 1 year in 8.7% of all absentees and in 62.9% of all subjects who resigned. According to ICD-10 chapters, the cumulative incidence of return-to-work ranged from 82.1% for mental disorders (F00–F99) to 95.3% for circulatory diseases (I00–I99). The cumulative incidence of return-to-work due to mental disorders ranged from 66.7% in schizophrenia (F20) to 95.8% in bipolar affective disorders (F31). Death was rarely observed except for cases of neoplasms (C00–D48), of which the cumulative incidence of death reached 14.2% by 1.5 years.Conclusion: Return-to-work and resignations occurred commonly within 1 year of sick leave among long-term sickness absentees in the Japanese private companies. Our findings may assist occupational physicians and employers in developing effective social protection schemes.

著者

佐々木 翔 林 孝雄 金子 博行 佐々木 梢 臼井 千惠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本視能訓練士協会

雑誌

日本視能訓練士協会誌 (ISSN:03875172)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.51-56, 2015 (Released:2016-03-19)

参考文献数

8

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【目的】斜視手術中に測定が可能な新しい回旋偏位測定装置「Cyclophorometer」を開発し、麻痺性斜視に対して術中に回旋偏位を測定した。斜視手術中に回旋偏位の測定を行う意義、および術後の経過について検討したので報告する。【対象・方法】回旋複視を自覚する斜視患者7例(男性3例、女性4例、平均年齢57.6歳)を対象とした。斜視の内訳は片眼上斜筋麻痺3例、片眼上直筋麻痺1例、片眼動眼神経麻痺1例、球後麻酔後の眼球運動障害1例、原因不明1例であった。各症例に対し、斜視手術前、術中、術終了時、術後10日目、術後3か月目に本装置を用いた回旋偏位の測定を実施した。【結果】斜視手術前の眼位は全例が外方回旋(Ex8°~Ex18°)を示し、平均Ex10.9°±3.8°であった。手術は局所麻酔下で術中に残余回旋斜視角を確認しながら行い、7例中3例において術中の回旋偏位測定結果を元に術量を変更した。手術終了時の回旋偏位は平均Ex1.3°±2.0°で、手術後10日目の回旋偏位は平均Ex2.7°±2.4°、手術後3か月後では平均Ex3.1°±2.3°であった。手術前は全例で複視を認めたが、術直後と術後10日目では全例が消失し、術後3か月でも7例中6例が複視消失の状態を維持した。【結論】本装置を用いて斜視手術中に回旋偏位の測定を行うことで、その場で術式の変更や追加の判断をすることが容易となった。本装置の術中利用は、手術回数を最小限にとどめ、術後の良好な眼位を保つために有効であると思われた。

著者

今尾 恵介

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.34-39, 2013 (Released:2016-11-17)

著者

玉木 彰 元山 美緒 佐藤 晋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会

雑誌

日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会誌 (ISSN:18817319)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.86-88, 2022-12-26 (Released:2022-12-26)

参考文献数

14

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呼吸リハビリテーションの中心は運動療法であり,その効果は多くの研究によって明らかにされており,COPD診断と治療のためのガイドラインにおいても非薬物療法の1つとして確立されている.しかし運動療法の実施にあたっては,適切な運動強度の設定,介入の時期と方法の吟味,適切な対象者の選定などが重要であり,実施前にこれらについて十分に検討しなければ,運動療法の効果が認められないばかりか,かえって逆効果(有害)となる可能性も否定はできない.したがって運動療法は有効な治療法であるが,慎重に実施すべきである.

著者

Chung-Yi Li Chia-Lun Kuo Ya-Hui Chang Chin-Li Lu Santi Martini Wen-Hsuan Hou

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.9, pp.423-430, 2022-09-05 (Released:2022-09-05)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

2 5

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Background: We aimed to investigate associations between exposure to various trajectories of severe hypoglycemic events and risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In 2002–2003, 677,618 patients in Taiwan were newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. Among them, 35,720 (5.3%) experienced severe hypoglycemic events during the 3-year baseline period following diagnosis. All patients were followed from the first day after baseline period to the date of dementia diagnosis, death, or the end of 2011. A group-based trajectory model was used to classify individuals with severe hypoglycemic events during the baseline period. Cox proportional hazard models with the competing risk method were used to relate dementia risk to various severe hypoglycemia trajectories.Results: After a median follow-up 6.70 and 6.10 years for patients with and without severe hypoglycemia at baseline, respectively, 1,952 (5.5%) individuals with severe hypoglycemia and 23,492 (3.7%) without developed dementia during follow-up, for incidence rates of 109.80 and 61.88 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. Four groups of severe hypoglycemia trajectory were identified with a proportion of 18.06%, 33.19%, 43.25%, and 5.50%, respectively, for Groups 1 to 4. Groups 3 (early manifestation but with later decrease) and 4 (early and sustained manifestation) were associated with a significantly increased risk of dementia diagnosis, with a covariate-adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.31) and 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.54), respectively.Conclusion: Our analysis highlighted that early manifestation of severe hypoglycemic events may contribute more than does late manifestation to the risk of dementia among individuals newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes.

著者

Chao Wang Heng Jiang Yi Zhu Yingying Guo Yong Gan Qingfeng Tian Yiling Lou Shiyi Cao Zuxun Lu

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.9, pp.415-422, 2022-09-05 (Released:2022-09-05)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 2

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Background: Increasing number of studies have suggested the time to first cigarette after waking (TTFC) have significant positive effect on respiratory diseases. However, few of them focused on the Chinese population. This study aims to estimate the impact of TTFC on the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) in Chinese elderly and explore the association in different sub-populations.Methods: Cross-sectional data of demographic characteristics, living environment, smoking-related variables, and CRD were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of the TTFC with the prevalence of CRD.Results: This study includes 13,208 subjects aged 52 years and older, with a mean age of 85.3 years. Of them, 3,779 participants were ex- or current smokers (44.9% had the TTFC ≤30 minutes, 55.1% >30 minutes) and 1,492 had suffered from CRD. Compared with non-smokers, participants with TTFC ≤30 minutes seemed to have higher prevalence of CRD (OR 1.97; 95% CI, 1.65–2.35) than those with TTFC >30 minutes (OR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.44–2.00), although the difference was statistically insignificant (Pinteraction = 0.12). Compared with TTFC >30 minutes, TTFC ≤30 minutes could drive a higher prevalence of CRD among female participants, those aged 90 years and older, urban residents, and ex-smokers (Pinteraction < 0.05).Conclusion: Shorter TTFC relates to higher prevalences of CRD in Chinese older females, those aged 90 years and older, urban residents, and ex-smokers. Delaying TTFC might partially reduce its detrimental impact on respiratory disease in these specific subpopulations.

著者

塩澤 計信

出版者

JAPAN TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

雑誌

紙パ技協誌 (ISSN:0022815X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.12, pp.620-626, 1975-12-01 (Released:2010-01-22)

著者

張 世良 川口 光 久保木 孝 赤坂 勇 寺下 雄三 秋山 雅義 梶川 翔平

出版者

一般社団法人 日本塑性加工学会

雑誌

塑性と加工 (ISSN:00381586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.743, pp.174-179, 2022 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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In the present paper, we describe a tube drawing method with diameter expansion for the effectively formation of thin-walled tubes. The proposed method makes the tube thickness easier to reduce than the conventional method, because the tube wall stretches biaxially in the axial and hoop directions. The effects of the plug half-angle on the forming limit, drawing load, thickness reduction, the precision of the inner diameter, and the strength of the formed tube were investigated by a series of experiments and finite element method (FEM) analysis. As a result, the forming limit was the highest at a plug half-angle α of 36˚, and then the maximum thickness reduction ratio γ max of 32 % was obtained by increasing the expansion ratio. In addition, the thickness reduction ratio increased with the plug half-angle owing to the increase in drawing load. On the other hand, the dimensional precision of the tube inner diameter deteriorated with the increase in plug half-angle because of an overshoot of the tube wall, indicating a gap between the tube wall and the plug. The effect of the plug half-angle on the strength was small, while elongation changed with the plug half-angle. The above results suggest that the plug half-angle should be selected appropriately to obtain the target dimension and mechanical properties.

著者

Haruhiko Inada Jun Tomio Masao Ichikawa Shinji Nakahara

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.9, pp.408-414, 2022-09-05 (Released:2022-09-05)

参考文献数

40

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Background: Modal shifts in transport may reduce overall road injuries. Cyclist junior high school students are at a high risk of road injuries while commuting in Japan, and injuries among junior high school students could be reduced if the cyclists switch to other transport modes.Methods: We estimated the change in the incidence of road deaths and serious injuries while commuting in months with heavy snowfall, when cyclists are likely to switch to other transport modes. Using police data on the monthly number of road injuries while commuting among junior high school students in Japan between 2004 and 2013 and corresponding population statistics and snowfall data, we calculated the monthly injury rate (number of deaths and serious injuries divided by population) at the prefecture level. We conducted Poisson regression analysis to estimate the change in the rate in months with a snowfall of ≥100 cm, compared to months without snowfall.Results: A total of 3,164 deaths and serious injuries occurred during 2004 to 2013. The injury rate among cyclists was almost zero in months with a snowfall of ≥100 cm. That among cyclists and pedestrians in these months was reduced by 68% (95% confidence interval, 43–82%).Conclusion: In months with heavy snowfall, road injuries while commuting were reduced due to the near-elimination of cycling injuries among junior high school students in Japan. Switching from cycling to other transport modes would reduce overall road injuries among this population, and inducing modal shifts can be an important tool for road safety.

著者

門脇 孝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.9, pp.1543-1557, 2016-09-10 (Released:2017-09-10)

参考文献数

50

著者

村田 昇

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.243-245, 2002-03-01 (Released:2020-09-29)

著者

劉明修著

出版者

山川出版社

巻号頁・発行日

1983

著者

Koryu Sato Naoki Kondo Chiyoe Murata Yugo Shobugawa Kousuke Saito Katsunori Kondo

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.9, pp.401-407, 2022-09-05 (Released:2022-09-05)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

5

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Background: Increasing the coverage of vaccinations recommended by the World Health Organization in the older adult population is an urgent issue, especially in the context of avoiding co-epidemics during the current coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with the quality of perceived patient–physician communication and whether this variable was associated with increased odds of vaccination.Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study conducted from October 2016 to January 2017. The participants were 22,253 physically and cognitively independent individuals aged 65 or older living in 39 municipalities in Japan. Multilevel logit models were used to estimate the odds of vaccination.Results: Among the participants, 40.0% and 58.8% had received pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations as per the recommended schedule, respectively. People with low educational levels were more likely to have a family physician but rate their experience in asking questions lower than those with higher educational levels. Having a family physician and high rating for physicians’ listening attitude were positively associated with increased odds of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations. High rating for patients’ questioning attitude and shared decision-making, compared to an ambiguous attitude toward medical decision-making, were positively associated with increased odds of pneumococcal vaccination.Conclusion: The results suggest that promotion of having a family physician, better patient–physician communication, and shared decision-making may encourage older adults to undergo recommended vaccinations.

著者

吉川 正倫 Masamichi YOSHIKAWA

出版者

大手前女子大学

雑誌

大手前女子大学論集 = The Journal of Otemae Women's University (ISSN:02859785)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.245-252, 1976-11-06

著者

山本 希美子 安藤 譲二

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

挑戦的研究(萌芽)

巻号頁・発行日

2019-06-28

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血管内皮細胞は血流や血圧に起因する力学的刺激であるせん断応力や伸展張力を常に受けている。内皮細胞には力学的刺激をセンシングし、血行動態の情報として細胞内部に伝達することで細胞応答を起こす働きがあり、循環系の恒常性維持に重要な役割を果たしているが、その仕組が障害されると、様々な心血管病の発生に繋がる。最近、せん断応力依存的に血管内皮ミトコンドリアでATPが産生することを見出し、力学的刺激が細胞のエネルギー代謝に直接関与する事を示した。本研究では、血流刺激に反応するミトコンドリアでのATP産生メカニズムに焦点を当て、力学的刺激受容オルガネラとしてのミトコンドリアの役割とATP代謝経路を解明する。