著者

Katsutoshi Tsuda Toshiya Suzuki Manaki Mimura Ken-Ichi Nonomura

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.139-146, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3

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In transgenic experiments, we often face fundamental requirements such as overexpressing a certain gene, developing organelle markers, testing promoter activities, introducing large genomic fragments, and combinations of them. To fulfill these multiple requirements in rice, we developed simple binary vectors with or without maize ubiquitin (UBQ) promoter, Gateway cassette and fluorescent proteins. First, we compared stabilities of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and maize UBQ promoters for constitutive gene expression in transgenic rice. We show that the 35S promoter was frequently silenced after shoot regeneration, whereas maize UBQ promoter achieved stable expression in various young tissues. Binary vectors with Gateway cassettes under the control of the UBQ promoter allowed us to develop stable organelle markers for nuclei, microtubules and P-bodies in rice. The maize UBQ promoter can be easily replaced with any promoters of interest as exemplified by reporters of mitotic cells and provascular bundles. Finally, by introducing two genomic fluorescent reporters, we showed utilities of the Gateway cassette and two selection markers in large DNA fragment transfer and sequential transformations, respectively. Thus, these binary vectors provide useful choices of transgenic experiments in rice.

著者

Yuko Maki Hiroshi Soejima Tamizi Sugiyama Masaaki K. Watahiki Takeo Sato Junji Yamaguchi

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.111-117, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

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Many microorganisms have been reported to produce compounds that promote plant growth and are thought to be involved in the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA) produced by lactic acid bacteria was previously shown to promote root growth in adzuki cuttings. However, the mode of action of PLA as a root-promoting substance had not been clarified. The present study therefore investigated the relationship between PLA and auxin. PLA was found to inhibit primary root elongation and to increase lateral root density in wild-type Arabidopsis, but not in an auxin signaling mutant. In addition, PLA induced IAA19 promoter fused β-glucuronidase gene expression, suggesting that PLA exhibits auxin-like activity. The inability of PLA to promote degradation of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid protein in a yeast heterologous reconstitution system indicated that PLA may not a ligand of auxin receptor. Using of a synthetic PLA labeled with stable isotope showed that exogenously applied PLA was converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), an endogenous auxin, in both adzuki and Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous PLA promotes auxin signaling by conversion to PAA, thereby regulating root growth in plants.

著者

陳 奕均 城山 英明 杉山 昌広 青木 一益 木村 宰 森 晶寿 太田 響子 松浦 正浩 松尾 真紀子

出版者

環境経済・政策学会

雑誌

環境経済・政策研究 (ISSN:18823742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.1-11, 2022-09-30 (Released:2022-11-04)

参考文献数

49

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本稿では,近年,海外で急速に発展してきた持続可能性移行(サステナビリティ・トランジション)という研究分野に着眼し,当該分野における主な理論的枠組みである戦略的ニッチ・マネジメント論(SNM),重層的視座(MLP),トランジション・マネジメント論(TM)とその研究動向をまとめた.関連した概念を明確にしたうえ,日本の研究機関による事例研究への応用例を紹介し,日本の文脈を踏まえた今後の研究課題を提示する.

著者

Junichirou Ohzeki Kazuto Kugou Koichiro Otake Koei Okazaki Seiji Takahashi Daisuke Shibata Hiroshi Masumoto

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.101-110, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

2

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Genome information has been accumulated for many species, and these genes and regulatory sequences are expected to be applied in plants by enhancing or creating new metabolic pathways. We hypothesized that manipulating a long array of repetitive sequences using tethered chromatin modulators would be effective for robust regulation of gene expression in close proximity to the arrays. This approach is based on a human artificial chromosome made of long synthetic repetitive DNA sequences in which we manipulated the chromatin by tethering the modifiers. However, a method for introducing long repetitive DNA sequences into plants has not yet been established. Therefore, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome-based binary vector in Escherichia coli cells to generate a construct in which a cassette of marker genes was inserted into 60-kb synthetic human centromeric repetitive DNA. The binary vector was then transferred to Agrobacterium cells and its stable maintenance confirmed. Next, using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, this construct was successfully introduced into the genome of cultured tobacco BY-2 cells to obtain a large number of stable one-copy strains. ChIP analysis of obtained BY-2 cell lines revealed that the introduced synthetic repetitive DNA has moderate chromatin modification levels with lower heterochromatin (H3K9me2) or euchromatin (H3K4me3) modifications compared to the host centromeric repetitive DNA or an active Tub6 gene, respectively. Such a synthetic DNA sequence with moderate chromatin modification levels is expected to facilitate manipulation of the chromatin structure to either open or closed.

著者

Hiroyuki Katsuoka Naoya Hamabe Chiemi Kato Susumu Hisamatsu Fujio Baba Motohiro Taneishi Toshiyuki Sasaki Atsushi Ikegaya Zentaro Inaba

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.93-100, 2022-06-25 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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To introduce useful characteristics such as fragrance into Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) and to expand the variation, we conducted crosses using A. frutescens as the seed parent and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. as the pollen parent. All the tested cross combinations between the three strains of A. frutescens and one strain of C. nobile produced embryos, and healthy plants were obtained by ovule culture. The obtained plantlets had a white ray floret, and the leaf shape was intermediate to those of the parents. The individuals obtained from this cross were subjected to two methods to determine hybridity: flow cytometry analyses and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. For the CAPS marker, we selected the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which is highly variable among the genera, as the region to be amplified. We selected restriction enzymes BmgT120 I and Afl II, which selectively cut common sequences in the genus Argyranthemum, based on the sequence analysis of one parent strain each of A. frutescens and C. nobile and alignment with known sequences of related species. Flow cytometry analyses and CAPS markers revealed that the individuals obtained from the cross between A. frutescens and C. nobile are intergeneric hybrids. In addition, these established methods were capable of quickly and reliably identifying hybrids between A. frutescens and C. nobile. This report shows for the first time that crossbreeding between A. frutescens (seed parent) and C. nobile (pollen parent) is possible, and further development of Argyranthemum breeding, such as the expansion of variation by intergeneric crosses, is expected.

著者

田代 英雄 千野 武広 中島 和男

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:04541693)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.334-338, 1962-12-01 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

9

著者

Yu-Tai Liu Yung Liao Ming-Chun Hsueh Hsin-Yen Yen Jong-Hwan Park Jae Hyeok Chang

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20220105, (Released:2022-10-29)

参考文献数

35

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Background: The impact of meeting leisure time physical activity (LTPA) recommendations and household physical activity (HPA) on all-cause mortality in the Taiwanese population is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sufficient LTPA and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Taiwanese adults and the role of HPA in those with insufficient LTPA.Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study included 4,960 participants aged ≥50 years from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging (TLSA) survey. Physical activity patterns were assessed in 2003 and then followed up until 2015 for mortality through the National Death Registration Record. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality.Results: Of the 4,960 participants, 1712 died of all-cause mortality. Compared to those who had insufficient LTPA, participants who engaged in sufficient LTPA showed a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.84, 95% CI, 0.73-0.97). For those with insufficient LTPA, HPA also had a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.85, 95% CI, 0.75-0.96) among general population. Similar associations were observed in subsequent sensitivity analyses. The subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between HPA and reduced mortality risk was only found in the women with insufficient LTPA group.Conclusion: This study confirmed that sufficient LTPA is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. If sufficient LTPA cannot be performed, additional HPA is related to lower mortality.

著者

加藤 正隆 江村 恒一 渡辺 英治

出版者

公益社団法人 自動車技術会

雑誌

自動車技術会論文集 (ISSN:02878321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.1108-1113, 2022 (Released:2022-10-11)

参考文献数

15

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思い込みや動静不注視などの交通事故要因には,人の予測特性が作用していると考えられる.本稿では,人の視覚をシミュレートする深層学習モデルを用いて,実際の走行映像から人が認知したであろう映像を生成し,実際の映像と比較分析することで,交通ヒヤリハットに影響を及ぼし得る人の予測特性の知見を得たので報告する.

著者

江村 恒一 加藤 正隆 渡辺 英治

出版者

公益社団法人 自動車技術会

雑誌

自動車技術会論文集 (ISSN:02878321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.1102-1107, 2022 (Released:2022-10-11)

参考文献数

13

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思い込みや動静不注視などの交通事故要因には,人の予測特性が作用していると考えられる.本稿では,大脳皮質の動作原理として有力な仮説のひとつである予測符号化理論を組み込んだ深層学習機を用いて,運転において人の視覚が走行環境をどのように予測しているかをシミュレーションする新しいアプローチを提案する.

著者

柴田 剛志

出版者

一般社団法人 画像電子学会

雑誌

画像電子学会誌 (ISSN:02859831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.363-367, 2015 (Released:2016-10-31)

参考文献数

11

出版者

日本ビクター蓄音器

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[昭和13年] 3月新譜, 1938

著者

平岡 礼鳥

出版者

日本甲殻類学会

雑誌

CANCER (ISSN:09181989)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.37-42, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-08-24)

参考文献数

24

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A large megalopa with an attached barnacle was collected from Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The megalopa and barnacle were examined for species identification by DNA barcoding analysis using COI genes. It revealed that the specimens were Ocypode sinensis Dai, Song & Yang, 1985 and Conchoderma hunteri (Owen, 1830). This is the first report of megalopa stage on the life history of O. sinensis. Morphology of the megalopa specimen is preliminarily compared with those of previously described Ocypode species in Japan.

著者

中熊 秀喜

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.7, pp.2010-2015, 2012 (Released:2013-07-10)

参考文献数

10

---

骨髄不全症候群の中で最も多い後天性特発性造血障害のうち再生不良性貧血,発作性夜間ヘモグロビン尿症(PNH),骨髄異形成症候群,赤芽球癆では免疫性造血障害が想定されている.最近,PNHにおいてNKG2D介在性免疫による造血障害,そして標的分子の候補としてMICA/BやULBPなどのストレス蛋白が提唱された.しかし,同一疾患でも免疫抑制療法の効果の予測指標が一つと限らず,標的分子の多様性が予想される.

著者

相澤 省一

出版者

一般社団法人日本地球化学会

雑誌

地球化学 (ISSN:03864073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.59-71, 2009-06-25 (Released:2017-02-06)

参考文献数

47

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Trace amounts of Cd, Ni and Cu in Permian, Carboniferous and Silurian limestone samples from South Kitakami Terrane were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry combined with the ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) -4-methyl-2-pentanone solvent extraction system. The geometric means of Cd contents of these limestone samples from Kusayamizawa (n = 9, Silurian), Onimaru (n = 5, Early Carboniferous), Roukando Cave (n = 5, Carboniferous), Nagaiwa Mine (n = 12, Early Permian) and Iwaizaki Coast (n = 12, Middle Permian) were 0.04, 0.31, 0.78, 0.32 and 0.43 ppm, respectively. The Cd contents of Permian and Carboniferous limestones tend to be relatively higher than those of the other geological ages (i.e., before Devonian and after Triassic). Most of the Cd in Permian and Carboniferous limestone samples can be dissolved with 1 mol dm-3 acetic acid, suggesting that a large portion of Cd2+ is incorporated from marine waters into calcite by replacing Ca2+ during the formation and deposition of precursory carbonate minerals of the limestones. The high Cd contents of Permian and Carboniferous limestones are independent of sedimentary environments in the ocean, such as distance from continents, which controls the amounts of land originated detrital materials. This fact implies that the concentration of Cd was high in worldwide throughout the ocean during Parmian and Carboniferous periods.

著者

中澤 洋介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.11, pp.1051-1055, 2022 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

21

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白内障が発症すると外科的に混濁水晶体を摘出し、人口眼内レンズを挿入する水晶体再建術が行われ、その満足度は非常に高い。一方で手術が受けられない国や地域がいまだに多く存在し、予防薬の探索が求められる。筆者らは日常食生活から白内障発症予防をすることを目的とし検討してきた結果、コーヒー愛飲によって白内障発症が有意に抑制されることを報告してきた。またみかん果皮に多く含まれるヘスペリジンに白内障予防効果や老眼予防効果を持つことを明らかにした。

出版者

[コッカレコード]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[昭和12年], 1937

著者

三好 學

出版者

公益社団法人 日本植物学会

雑誌

植物学雑誌 (ISSN:0006808X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.43, pp.316-319, 1890 (Released:2007-04-05)

著者

M. Miyoshi

出版者

公益社団法人 日本植物学会

雑誌

植物学雑誌 (ISSN:0006808X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.43, pp.315-316, 1890 (Released:2007-04-05)

被引用文献数

2 1

著者

Masaaki UNO

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-0207, (Released:2022-10-25)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

8

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In this paper, I review the historical changes in the etiological concepts and surgical treatments for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) across the world and in Japan. I also examine future problems associated with its surgical procedures and medical costs. CSDH was first reported by Wepfer in 1657 as "delayed apoplexy." In 1857, Virchow described the famous concept of so-called "pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna." He considered that the etiology of CSDH involved inflammation. In 1914, Trotter described the origin of CSDH as traumatic. Currently, CSDH is considered to arise with a first leak of blood from dural border cells after mild trauma. Inflammatory cells are then drawn to the border cell layer. At this point, new membranes form from activated inflammation; then, the hematoma enlarges, promoted by angiogenic factors and new capillaries. In 1883, Hulke reported successful trepanning of a patient with CSDH. Burr holes and craniotomy for removal of the hematoma were subsequently reported, and new methods were developed over the course of several decades around the world. In Japan, after the first report by Nakada in 1938, many Japanese pioneering figures of neurological surgery have studied CSDH. After Mandai reported the middle meningeal artery embolization in 2000, this method is now considered useful as an initial or second treatment for CSDH. However, the age of patients is increasing, so more minimally invasive surgeries and useful pharmacotherapies are needed. We must also consider the costs for treating CSDH, because of the increasing numbers of surgical cases.

著者

古賀 哲也

出版者

日本医真菌学会

雑誌

日本医真菌学会雑誌 (ISSN:09164804)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.151-154, 2009 (Released:2009-08-05)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

5 5

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Infections with dermatophytes are generally confined to the keratinized stratum corneum. This superficial site of infection may protect the infecting dermatophytes from direct contact with some of the effector cells of the immune system; therefore, the immune system has developed a special subsystem in the skin to eliminate them.The innate immunity and acquired immunity (delayed-type hypersensitivity response) are both required for cutaneous immune surveillance against dermatophytes in the skin.Epidermal keratinocytes not only have an important structural role in forming a physical barrier to dermatophytes but also are important functionally in mediating cutaneous immune reactions. These cells can secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and anti-microbial peptides in response to dermatophytes. The T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity response to dermatophyte antigens may play a central role in both pathogenesis of the typical skin lesions and an acquired, relative resistance that affords partial immunity to the host. However, the exact form of effector T cell immunity and the cellular and molecular mechanisms which eliminate dermatophytes from the skin are poorly understood. The literature on the immunology against dermatophyte infection is reviewed in this paper.