著者

柴田(石渡) 奈緒美 向後 明里 松波 由奈

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, pp.405-412, 2019

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<p> 本研究では主要アレルゲンである鶏卵,小麦および牛乳を使用しないハンバーグの調理方法を検討した。</p><p> ハンバーグには鶏卵,パン粉および牛乳が使用されている。そこで鶏卵の代わりにすりおろした長芋と大和芋,パン粉と牛乳の代わりに豆腐とおからを使用した。その結果,卵,パン粉および牛乳の全てを1種類の食材で代替すると,焼成後ひき肉同士が接着されない,通常のハンバーグ(標準試料)と比較し有意に硬くなる等,同等な品質を担保できないことが明らかとなった。2種類の食材で代替すると,焼成後,ひき肉同士が接着されていた。また代替する豆腐の含水率を変化させることで,焼成後のハンバーグの硬さを調節できることが明らかとなった。これに対しておからを代替する食材として使用した場合,硬さを調節することは難しいことが示唆された。また大学生を対象とした官能評価より,長芋と30分水切りした豆腐を使用したハンバーグが,標準試料に近い品質であることが示唆された。</p>

著者

日暮 トモ子 石井 光夫

出版者

東北大学高度教養教育・学生支援機構

雑誌

東北大学高度教養教育・学生支援機構紀要 (ISSN:21895945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.23-35, 2015-03

著者

高橋 康介 日髙 昇平

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.3-6, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-09-01)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

著者

居安 正 Tadashi Iyasu

出版者

同志社大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

社会科学 (ISSN:04196759)

巻号頁・発行日

no.52, pp.p71-102, 1994-02

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論説

著者

石井 夏生利

出版者

総務省情報通信政策研究所

雑誌

情報通信政策研究 (ISSN:24336254)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.47-72, 2019-11-29 (Released:2019-12-23)

参考文献数

46

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本稿では、プライバシー・個人情報保護法と周辺法領域との関わりについて、主に競争法との関係に着目した考察を行った。プライバシー・個人情報保護法が競争法に影響を与える場面では、①プライバシー・個人情報保護の価値を競争法の中で考慮すべきか否か、②規範的尺度としてプライバシーの価値を競争法に取り込む場合の理論的根拠、③ドイツFacebook競争法違反事件の評価(EU一般データ保護規則(GDPR)違反に基づく競争制限禁止法違反の認定、データ保護法の目的としての情報自己決定)、競争法が個人情報保護法に影響を与える場面では、④データ・ポータビリティ、⑤制裁金(課徴金)導入の是非を論点に掲げた。競争法の中で考慮すべきプライバシー・個人情報保護の主たる価値は、本人の同意、選択ないしは情報自己決定と見ることができる。他方、GDPRにおける「同意」と日本の個人情報保護法の「同意」は有効性の要件が異なる。また、企業結合事案では、個人情報保護法に基づく個人データの第三者提供は同意がなくとも適法である一方で、GDPRに同旨の規定は存在しない。GDPRは同意の要件が厳格であるため、同意の有効性が問題とされる競争法違反事件では、GDPR違反の認定がなされやすいと考えられる。GDPRと個人情報保護法の法制度及び解釈上の違いに留意すべきである。企業結合事案及びデータ・ポータビリティ権の文脈では、事業者間でのデータ移転の是非に関して、競争法と個人情報保護法の役割分担が問題となる。EUの議論を概観する限りでは、両法は相互に関連性を有する場合もあるが、原則として独立に評価される。そして、問題となるデータに個人情報が含まれる場合は、個人情報保護に関する適法性を担保した上で、それでもなお競争法上の違法を構成する場合があるか否かを検討すべきといえる。競争法と個人情報保護法は、協調できる場面と対立する場面があり得るため、両者の役割分担には分析的な検討を要する。日本の個人情報保護法改正論議の1つとして課徴金導入の是非が検討されている。課徴金の制裁的色彩を強調するならば、個人情報保護法に課徴金を導入することも不可能ではなく、その際には先行する国内外の競争法の趣旨及び内容から多くの示唆を受けることが予想される。競争法及びプライバシー・個人情報保護法の交錯に関する考察を深めるためには、消費者保護法からの検討も必要である。

著者

横山 孝一

雑誌

群馬高専レビュー (ISSN:24339776)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.21-32, 2019-04-26

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Paula Hawkins's sensational world bestseller A Girl on the Train (2015) was accepted as a psychological thriller as soon as it appeared. Her eagerly-awaited second novel Into the Water (2017), however, seems to have disappointed most of her fans who expected a still more exciting and mysterious thriller than her first one. In fact, one crime novel critic did not conceal his utter disappointment, mentioning it would not be the best choice for crime readers because "the mystery and suspense elements of this story take a backseat." Interestingly enough, he could not help admitting that the novel in question is beautifully written, and he even recommended this book he disliked to those who love literary fiction or women's fiction. After all, he is a good critic, correctly pointing out Into the Water is a novel which satisfies academic readers much more than crime fiction lovers. Despite the fact that many readers undoubtedly regard Ms. Hawkins as a crime writer, it is doubtful that she thinks of herself as one. Reportedly she has no interest in Sherlock Holmes, and her editor of Riverhead usually avoids such genre. Which shows that Paula Hawkins is a serious writer who, I imagine, likes great authors of English and American literature such as Henry James, Virginia Woolf, and even Herman Melville. Her notorious techniques in the new novel, like the frequent changes of more than ten point-of-view characters, appear to derive from the l9th-20th centuries' literary experiments. Perhaps a large number of people who want just an entertainment for a weekend night will be unexpectedly at a loss to find the book they bought so complicated that they can hardly understand what is going on and cannot afford to reason who killed Nel Abbot, although Ms. Hawkins prepares a lot of hints. If you want to enjoy Into the Water to your heart's content, you should read it at least twice. Contrary to your first impression, the novel is quite similar to A Girl on the Train: Libby (the same name of the unfortunate baby drowned in the bathtub) is drowned again by a mob of hateful men this time at the opening of the new book. Paula Hawkins's common theme becomes clear due to this repetition. The death of the first Libby was brought by Mac, the irresponsible man who left the young Megan when she most needed him. Tom, another egoistic man, killed Megan when he knew she was pregnant. The heroines Rachel and Anna, though they were ex-enemies, took revenge on him with a corkscrew. Into the Water is a double–plot novel consisting of Nel's mysterious death and Katie's pathetic suicide. The former is a real whodunit which reminds me of Agatha Christie's The Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926), but Ms. Hawkins prefers the latter with a strong, feministic massage somewhat related to #MeToo trend. Katie's story is not a mystery at all. She loved secretly Mark Henderson, a good-looking teacher very popular among female students. Since Katie was still a fifteen-year-old girl, Henderson was afraid of being arrested and put into jail where he would probably be the target of manly convicts. Katie drowned herself, trying to prevent their forbidden relation from being known to the public. Lena, her best friend who loved her, exacted revenge on Henderson, stabbing him with a "nail" (a variation of the corkscrew in the first novel) and pushing him off a cliff. This bloody killing is not narrated, the scene intentionally omitted but alluded with enough hints. Seemingly, Paula Hawkins is disappointed in men completely in Into the Water, where there is no Kamal. Again she succeeds in letting her heroine kill unpunished another handsome man as the scapegoat for the violent men who have abused women for many years.

著者

塚本 ひかり 室 伊三男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.5, pp.463-470, 2021 (Released:2021-05-20)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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Purpose: We focused on deep learning for a reduction of motion artifacts in MRI. It is difficult to collect a large number of images with and without motion artifacts from clinical images. The purpose of this study was to create motion artifact images in MRI by simulation. Methods: We created motion artifact images by computer simulation. First, 20 different types of vertical pixel-shifted images were created with different shifts, and the amount of pixel shift was set from –10 to 10 pixels. The same method was used to create pixel-shifted images for horizontal shift, diagonal shift, and rotational shift, and a total of 80 types of pixel-shifted images were prepared. These images were Fourier transformed to create 80 types of k-space data. Then, phase encodings in these k-space data were randomly sampled and Fourier transformed to create artifact images. The reproducibility of the simulation images was verified using the deep learning network model of U-net. In this study, the evaluation indices used were the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Results: The average SSIM and PSNR for the simulation images were 0.95 and 31.5, respectively; those for the clinical images were 0.96 and 31.1, respectively. Conclusion: Our simulation method enables us to create a large number of artifact images in a short time, equivalent to clinical artifact images.

著者

深谷 澄男 向井 敦子 フカヤ スミオ ムカイ アツコ Sumio FUKAYA Atsuko MUKAI

雑誌

国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究 = Educational Studies

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.129-154, 1985-03-31

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Suppose here we have a chair, a stool, a bench, and a sofa. When you are very tired, you would take a sofa for making yourself comfortable. A bench would be preferable when you enjoy talking together with your love. These are all made as a seat, but they can also be used for other purposes. For example, a stool is available as a footstool, and a bench, a sofa as well, good for building a barricade, because the weight keeps it from removal. When you want to take a rest after a long walk, you could seat yourself on a stone, a log, or else rolling around there. Neither a stone nor a log is, of course, not a seat in itself, but it serves as a seat when you are seated on it. An English word "Thing" could be translated into Japanese in two ways; either Mono and Koto. Let's take a typical example. "Thing" in the sentence "I haven't had a thing to eat all day" would be Mono in Japanese. On the other hand, "Thing" in the sentence "It is a good thing to give up smoking" would be Koto. Mono is a thing, grammatically speaking, an indication of the subject or the object in a statement. Koto is a thing, an expression of the predicate. A chair, a log as well, is Mono, a material which can materialize itself as a seat only through one's action of taking a seat. This action is Koto. Therefore, the action of taking a seat functionally transforms a chair or a log as a material into a thing which can materialize itself as a seat. In other words, Koto of one's taking a seat acts as a possibility of actualizing oneself, which we define as koto. Under some appropriate requirements, koto has a possibility of being transformed into KOTO as an action to the object. If you are such an infant that you can't be seated by yourself, Koto of taking a seat must remain as a latent, probable action. A stool can be defined as mono, a thing which can be probably transformed into a seat, a footstool, or whatever through some action. When you are seated on a stool, it is defined that the stool is now materializing itself as MONO of a seat. When the stool seems fragile, it must remain as a latent, probable material, because it may not bear the weight of you in spite of the appearance as a seat, which will keep you away from seating yourself. Mediated by Koto, mono can be transformed into MONO, and koto can also be transformed into KOTO by Mono. In this way, there could be theoretically supposed an interactional process between Mono and Koto. If we take a view-point of the subject of self-organizing activity, we could hypothetically analyze out four directions of the interactive actualization. Firstly, when I am doing an action to a thing, mono is being actualized into MONO mediated by Koto. SURU is a Japanese word corresponding to the DOING an action. See Figure 1. Secondly, when my action is becoming in effect, koto is now being actualized into KOTO mediated by Mono. NARU is a Japanese expression of the BECOMING. Thirdly, when I choose a thing to do something with, I am recognizing it as being there. The recognition that a thing, mono, is there is an action of mine, KOTO. BEING of a thing is ARU in Japanese. Fourthly, when I am going to do some action, I am conscious that I am having myself as a subject who is going to act upon a thing. Activity, koto, concentrated on some action leads to the consciousness, MONO, of myself as a behavioral subject. HAVING myself in act upon a thing can be expressed as IRU in Japanese. When I am having myself as a subject, I will be able to do a thing in effect. At the same time, the effectiveness will be fed back to the becoming of my action. The becoming will direct me to recognize a thing as being there. And the recognition of an object will guide me to the subjective consciousness of myself in action. Psychological self-organizing activity could be assumed to actualize itself continuously by way of this feed-backing route, as illustrated in Figure 1. In this paper, some episodes are psychologically examined in order to demonstrate this feed-backing process between Mono and Koto. Through the reconsiderations, first of all, we can also get to the conclusion, as B. Kimura (1982) suggested, that Koto must be superior to Mono so that self-organizing activity could maintain its subjectivity in one's phenomenal world. The second is that the reversal of Koto's superiority to Mono would cause behavioral retardation and subjective reduction or collapse. Needless to say, this conclusion can naturally be led from the first. Thirdly, autonomously waving rythm predominantly generated in one's looping process of feed-back would synchronize others' looping into the self-organizing activity.

著者

大野 祥平 有澤 光弘

出版者

公益社団法人 有機合成化学協会

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.22-33, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-09)

参考文献数

50

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Cyclization reactions between two multiple bonds have been fascinating processes that allow the discovery of new reactions and the construction of carbo- and/or heterocycles. Among multiple bonds, heteroatom-substituted olefins have different reactivity from those having heteroatom on the allylic or homoallylic position, but the reactions have been reported few cases until the 2000s. Lately, the reactions between multiple bonds and heteroatom-substituted olefins have been reported, and this review explains them by the reaction class.

著者

重岡 廣男

出版者

静岡大学技術部

雑誌

技術報告 (ISSN:13462814)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.60-62, 1998-03-20

著者

佐藤 英明

雑誌

中央学院大学人間・自然論叢 = The Bulletin of Chuo-Gakuin University : man & nature (ISSN:13409506)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.21-54, 2020-01-30

著者

尾崎 洋二 柴橋 博資 矢崎 紘― 大塚 孝治 関口 雅行 片山 武司 遠山 潤志 高瀬 雄一 今西 章 丸山 浩― 青山 惇彦 西田 生郎

出版者

東京大学大学院理学系研究科・理学部

雑誌

東京大学大学院理学系研究科・理学部廣報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.4-17, 1999-03

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理学部での40年/尾崎先生送別の辞/東大理学部での40年/矢崎紘一先生を送る/退官にあたって/関口雅行先生を送る/思い出と提言/遠山濶志先生を送る/おせわになりました/今西さんを送る/いろいろあった40年/青山さんを送る

著者

杉下 奈美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.4, pp.554-566, 2007

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コミュニカティブ・アプローチは1970年代以降、外国語教育における主流の教授法となっている。しかし近年、コミュニケーション能力を過度に重視する姿勢への懸念も高まっており、言語能力の捉え方についての再考が求められる。本稿では、このアプローチの理論的基盤となったデル・ハイムズによる「コミュニカティブ・コンピテンス」の概念を再検討し、外国語教育研究に包摂される思潮を考察した。その結果、従来の研究ではこの概念が学習者の能力としてではなく、学習の結果獲得すべき目標として捉えられてきたことが分かった。一方ハイムズにおいては、他者の発話を咀嚼しながら変容し続ける言語の能力に着目する概念であった。以上の考察を踏まえ外国語教育研究において、学習者がもつ能力に基づいて言語活動および文法教育の捉え方を再考すること、言語能力における文法的知識と社会的言語使用との関係を連続的に捉えることの必要性を提起した。

著者

目黒 潮 メグロ ウシオ Ushio Meguro

雑誌

異文化コミュニケーション研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.49-78, 2005-03

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論文

著者

有利浩一郎

出版者

財務省

雑誌

ファイナンス

巻号頁・発行日

no.640, 2019-03-14

著者

高橋文雄

出版者

防衛省

雑誌

戦争史研究国際フォーラム報告書

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第3回, 2005-03-31

著者

防衛庁防衛研究所

出版者

防衛省

著者

久田 英子

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.1, pp.1-16, 2001

被引用文献数

1

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The Vredefort Dome, located in the central part of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa, is the type locality for pseudotachylite. Pseudotachylite at the Vredefort Dome is generally regarded to be of impact origin. Pseudotachylites which are closely associated with faults are, however, also known to be common along the northern and northwestern edges of the Witwatersrand Basin. In order to compare pseudotachylites from the Vredefort Dome and from the surrounding Witwatersrand Basin, different studies were undertaken in the past. Mode of occurrence, microscopic textures, geochemical analyses and chronological measurements of pseudotachylites are briefly reviewed in this paper.<BR>In the Vredefrot Dome, pseudotachylites are commonly observed except in the central part of its core. In the surrounding Witwatersrand Basin, they are reported from drill core sections and in underground workings. The matrix in pseudotachylite from the Vredefort Dome is mostly a recrystallized melt phase, while those from the surrounding Witwatersrand Basin seem to be composed of clastic material. Pseudotachylites both from the Vredefort Dome and the surrounding Witwatersrand Basin are geochemically closely related to their host rocks. Although evidence for more than one generation of pseudotachylite has been presented, both in the Vredefort Dome and the surrounding Witwatersrand Basin, it is widely believed that most of them were formed as a result of the Vredefort impact event (<I>ca</I>. 2.0 Ga). Other fault rocks reported from the surrounding Witwatersrand Basin are older than the pseudotachylites and therefore not related to their formation.

著者

矢野 敬一

出版者

日本生活学会

雑誌

生活学論叢 (ISSN:24332933)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.55-57, 2017 (Released:2021-05-14)

参考文献数

2

著者

源 裕 宮下 高夫 関 富雄

出版者

農業食料工学会

雑誌

農業機械学会誌 (ISSN:02852543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.85-86, 1990