著者

篠崎 正郎

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.164, pp.164_29-42, 2011-02-20 (Released:2013-05-22)

参考文献数

85

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It is widely believed that the United Kingdom had decided to retreat from “East of Suez” in January 1968. It planned to withdraw all its forces stationed in South-Eastern Asia and Middle East by the end of 1971. However, the next Heath government made a small change in this policy, left some forces in the area and maintained military commitment beyond 1971. These forces were finally withdrawn by Harold Wilson who was back in power in March 1974. Few studies, however, mention the British forces in the “East of Suez” after 1968. This thesis clarifies the detail and the logic through the policy of retrenchment from 1974 to 1975.The Conservative government decided to maintain military commitment in the “East of Suez.” First, there were still lots of British bases in South-Eastern Asia, Indian Ocean and Middle East though the force level was reduced. Second, the United Kingdom retained the general capability which would be available to be deployed outside Europe. Finally, there were regional organisations like CENTO or FPDA (Five Power Defence Arrangements) which enabled the United Kingdom to cooperate with the local countries.However, the British economy in the 1970s could not support these commitments. Roy Mason, the Secretary of State for Defence in the Labour government, began the Defence Review as soon as he entered office. The principal object of the Review was to reduce defence budget from 5.5% to 4.5% of GNP in the next 10 years. The non-NATO commitments were preferred to be cut since the British government tried to concentrate its defence efforts in the NATO area. In addition, he also decided to abandon the reinforcement capabilities outside NATO.The Defence Review was so drastic that it needed consultation with allies. However, the negotiations were not easy. Most countries tried to keep the British forces in the “East of Suez” because they recognised the importance of the British presence. The United States was concerned about the abandonment of intervention capability outside NATO and desired the British presence in the Mediterranean. As a result, the British government compromised with some of these demands and decided to stay in some areas. Apart from this concession, the British government could carry out the withdrawal as it originally planned.This study indicates the British aspect as an “Empire detained”. British departure was regretted not only by the United States but also by the Commonwealth countries. Britain's retreat from the Commonwealth marks the transformation of British external policy from the world to the Atlantic community.

著者

寺岡 史人 西 眞歩 吉澤 忠博 百瀬 瑞穂 平島 靖江 市川 孝子

出版者

The Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine

雑誌

リハビリテーション医学 (ISSN:0034351X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.421-428, 2004-06-18 (Released:2009-10-28)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

8 5

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嚥下造影検査(以下VF)を行った急性期脳卒中220例について,退院時に経口摂取が可能となったか,一部でも経管栄養を要したかを帰結としてロジスティック回帰分析による予後予測を行った.対象の年齢75±10歳,脳梗塞154例,脳出血66例,平均入院期間106±62日であった.173例(79%)が経口摂取可能となり,47例(21%)では胃瘻等が必要であった.VF上の誤嚥,重度の片麻痺,画像上の両側病変が有意な予測因子として抽出された.得られた予測式で,2項目以上が良好な値であれば,経口摂取可能となる確率は90%以上と予測された.しかし,3変数とも不利な値でも,49%の患者が経口摂取可能となっていた.

著者

石井 靖

出版者

The Crystallographic Society of Japan

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.55-60, 2007-02-28 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

17

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First-principles calculation of electronic structures of approximant crystals is a reliable tool for studying cohesion mechanism and electronic properties of real quasicrystals. This article aims at explaining the first-principles calculation as methodology of quasicrystal reaseach. After brief introduction of approximant and methods of the first-principles calculations, we present several approaches, including the tight-binding method and the plane-wave-basis method, for Cd-M (M = Ca, Mg) binary systems.

著者

楠橋 直 岡本 隆

出版者

日本古生物学会

雑誌

化石 (ISSN:00229202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, pp.23-37, 2015-03-30 (Released:2017-10-02)

著者

Hideharu Hagiya Ryohei Kokado Akiko Ueda Hideo Okuno Daiichi Morii Shigeto Hamaguchi Norihisa Yamamoto Hisao Yoshida Kazunori Tomono

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.18, pp.2621-2625, 2019-09-15 (Released:2019-09-15)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 25

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Objective The importance of antimicrobial stewardship is increasingly highlighted in this age of antimicrobial resistance. A better comprehension of adverse drug events (ADEs) can promote the appropriate use of antibiotics. We aimed to quantify the incidence of ADEs associated with broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics in a hospital setting. Methods We conducted a six-month prospective, observational study at Osaka University Hospital to describe the incidence of ADEs in patients hospitalized in general wards undergoing treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics [carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ), and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus agents]. The occurrence of ADE was defined as any cardiac, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, renal, neurologic, hematologic, dermatologic, or musculoskeletal manifestation after 48 hours or more of systemic antibiotic therapy. Results The 3 most frequently prescribed antibiotics were PIPC/TAZ (242 cases), meropenem (181 cases), and vancomycin (92 cases). Of 689 patients, 118 (17.1%) experienced ADEs, including gastrointestinal (6.4%), hepatobiliary (4.2%), dermatologic (2.5%), and renal (2.3%) manifestations. Patients treated with PIPC/TAZ, meropenem, doripenem, vancomycin, daptomycin, and teicoplanin developed ADEs at rates of 20.7%, 16.0%, 15.4%, 19.6%, 11.8%, and 10.9%, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides a quantitative value for the incidence of ADEs associated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in clinical practice. To optimize patient safety, clinicians need to be aware of the risks associated with antibiotic administration.

著者

倉田 容子

出版者

日本文学協会

雑誌

日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.12, pp.34-44, 2012-12-10 (Released:2018-01-25)

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本稿では、『悪魔の手毬唄』の物語構造を一九五〇年代後半の農村表象という文脈から照射し、パロディとして引用された『楢山節考』との批評的距離を検討した。『悪魔の手毬唄』には同時代の農村の「リアリティ」が織り込まれるとともに、「リアリティ」と手毬唄に代表されるフォークロアとの結節点において、戦前・戦後のそれぞれ異質な排除をめぐる暗闘が刻印されている。農村の封建的秩序を主なモティーフとしてきた金田一シリーズの転換を見定めつつ、〈戦後啓蒙〉の語りからも反動的なナショナリズムからも身をそらす『悪魔の手毬唄』の農村表象の位相を明らかにした。

著者

南 亮一

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.6, pp.293-295, 2016-06-01 (Released:2016-06-01)

著者

神宮字 寛 上田 哲行 角田 真奈美 相原 祥子 齋藤 満保

出版者

公益社団法人 農業農村工学会

雑誌

農業農村工学会論文集 (ISSN:18822789)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.219-226, 2010-06-25 (Released:2011-06-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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本研究では,フィプロニル系殺虫剤を播種時と移植時に施用した水田において,育苗箱施用殺虫剤がトンボ科アカネ属におよぼす影響を調査した.さらに薬剤の散布時期の違いが害虫防除効果におよぼす影響について検証した.圃場実験では,移植時処理区,播種時処理区および無処理区をそれぞれ3区画ずつ,合計9区画の実験区を用意した.水田のフィプロニル最高濃度値は,播種時処理区で1.20ppb,移植時処理区で1.45ppbを示した.フィプロニルを散布した区では,無処理区に比べてアキアカネの羽化個体数が大きく減少することが明らかとなった.また,その影響はアキアカネ以外のトンボ類にも及び,移植時処理区では無処理区に比べ,アカネ属とアオイトトンボ科のトンボ成虫が減少した.アキアカネの羽化個体数,アカネ属幼虫および他のトンボ類成虫の出現個体数から,移植時処理に比べると播種時処理では,殺虫剤によるトンボ類の減少がわずかに抑えられた.

著者

宇治原 徹 島村 清史 宇佐美 徳隆 太子 敏則 樋口 幹雄 吉村 政志

出版者

日本結晶成長学会

雑誌

日本結晶成長学会誌 (ISSN:03856275)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.64-68, 2015 (Released:2017-05-31)

著者

Mai Sakimoto Takayuki Kawaguchi Aki Watanabe

出版者

Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists

雑誌

Asian Journal of Occupational Therapy (ISSN:13473476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.93-96, 2019 (Released:2019-12-17)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Introduction: Few reports describe interventions combining the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) although both are important in enabling occupation for a client with depression. We outline the therapy process conducted by an occupational therapist combining the COPM with CBT to enable occupation for a client with depression. Methods: A single-system research design was implemented. The intervention was based on behavioral activation, and the cognitive restructuring was divided into three phases: baseline (Phase I), intervention 1 (Phase II), and intervention 2 (Phase III). Baseline consisted of behavioral activation only. In intervention 1, the COPM was used in addition to the baseline action. In intervention 2, cognitive restructuring was conducted in addition to intervention 1. Results: There was no significant difference in the client's frequency per week of going out in Phase II compared with Phase I (p = 0.062), but the rate increased significantly in Phase III compared with Phase II by binomial test (p = 0.002). As assessed by the COPM, the performance and satisfaction scores for going out were 4 and 3 at the 5th week, but they improved to 7 and 6 at the 17th week. Conclusion: Combining the COPM with CBT significantly increased the frequency of going out that a client with depression hoped to attain. The present intervention might facilitate enabling occupation for clients with depression. Our findings suggested that in clients with depressive symptoms, enabling occupation is possible by combining the COPM with CBT.

著者

藤巻 光浩

出版者

日本コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

日本コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:21887721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.47-70, 2016-11-30 (Released:2017-05-20)

参考文献数

68

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“The Aida Makoto Retrospective” had been held at Mori Museum of Fine Arts, Tokyo, from November 2012 to March 2013. It had been well received by both main-stream media and art circles, while criticized as “hugely infringing on women’s dignity.” It, therefore, ignited classical yet not adequately resolved issues, and thus, caused a controversy; if those works are either pornography or art, and if those inherently cause violent effects on the minors and those who are vulnerable to those effects. Instead of choosing an answer within a given choice, this paper provides a context with the issues by bringing in “museum (of fine arts) as modern institutional medium” through which visibility and meanings of art works are put into effect. Through this analysis and criticism, the issues could be re-situated in such a way that the controversy does not necessarily favor a particular position, namely Art History. In addition, this paper argues that “pornography” has to be regarded as an effect of “museum as modern institutional medium,” complicit with Art History. Thus, a theoretical perspective, informed by this paper, attempts to offer a fresh insight at the issues, thereby allowing a critical moment to emerge for astute audience and critics to engage themselves in communicative praxis.

著者

劉 羽虹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.765, pp.2407-2415, 2019 (Released:2019-11-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

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In ancient China, although the changing dynasties frequently, the architecture of “Den” has hardly changed. It is limited to the Emperor's residences. On the other hand, Japan’s “Den” is regarding as originated from China, but the meaning of “Den” has changed greatly. Initially, the last word “Den” was limited to the residences of the Emperor’s family, which resembles China, but it used in the residences of nobleman as the age declines. The Commons and differences are existing in the way of using “Den” between Japan and China. I would like to clarify the transition process of “Den” in Japan while considering the reason for those differences. In this paper, I mainly use historical records and nobility diary 4 books, Nihonkiryaku, Hyakurensyo, Hontyoseiki, Shoyuki. I am conducting surveys by reading whole passages, as it has seen that the last word of the residence changed from “Tei” to “Den”, “Den” to “Tei”, or mixed use of “Den” and “Tei”. So as to clarify the transition process of “Den”, I gathered all the descriptions used in “Den” and “Tei” of the residences from historical materials, clarified the actual situation. Following information was revealed about the ① The mixed use of “Den” and “Tei” starts in the Emperor ichijyo. Biwatei is the first example. Which is the Michinaga Fujiwara’s residence, and serve as the Imperial Palace of Emperor itijou. There is an existence of Michinaga Fujiwara in the mixed background. ② Since then, along with the Satoteirika, cases of mixed use of “Den” and “Tei” are increased. Such as Nijou, Kyogoku and Takakura. It is possible that the back of Satoteiri influenced the transformation of “Den”. ③ The increase in the number of “Den” and “Tei” mixed use is remarkable during the inseiki period. Despite being nyoin and Emperor’s father, it uses “Tei” instead of “Den”. ④ On the other hand, in nobleman’s residences and villas outside Heiankyo, “Den” used in place of “Tei”. The location may be related to the deviation of the principle. ⑤ The percentage of cases where the part that should be marked as “Tei” is larger than the case where the term “Tei” is marked as “Den”. Den’s transformation is “Den” closed to the “Tei”, but we cannot treat them as the same, it will hinge on the content of the articles. This is a big difference from the last word of “Den” in China. ⑥ Sanesuke Fujiwara was highly conscious of using “Den” and “Tei”. However, did not thoroughly use it. The usage of “Den” runs in a groove. The mixed use of “Den” and “Tei” was hit in the Heian period while Emperor itijou, Michinaga’s period. The time when Japan's unique culture had developed against the cultures of the Nara period when China’s influence was strong. During the period of the inseiki, the increase in mixed use of “Den” “Tei” also estimated as a reflection of urbanization of Heiankyo.

著者

甲田 直美

出版者

社会言語科学会

雑誌

社会言語科学 (ISSN:13443909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.24-39, 2015-03-31 (Released:2017-04-26)

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本稿では,思考・発話を提示することが相互行為としての語りの達成にどのように関わるか考察した.語りのクライマックスに思考・発話を提示することが臨場感をもたらし,受け手の反応を呼び,語りの達成へ導いていた.語りは語り手と受け手が協働して達成するものであり,語り手による一方的な構成物ではない.語りの達成に提携するためには,受け手は,語りがクライマックスに達し,語りが終結に向かう箇所を正しく捉える必要がある.会話における語りの中で,クライマックスを顕在化するために,思考・発話の提示という装置がどのように用いられているかを考察した.引用された思考・発話の持つ表現の直接性や補文内容の描写のきめの細かさ等の言語的特徴に加え,ピッチの切り替え,発話速度等の音声特徴,身体動作まで含めたマルチモーダルな要素によって顕在化は行われていた.これらの語り方のデザイン特性によって,思考・発話の提示は,語られた内容の再現性を高め,語り部分の受け手が情報に直接アクセスできる環境を提供する.思考・発話を語りのクライマックスに配置するというプラクティス,語り手と受け手が当時の現場を共有し,語りを協働で終結へ導く一つの手続きを示した.

著者

竹村 利夫

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.9, pp.721-729, 1978-09-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

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The Takashozu fault system, running NE-SW direction, is located at the northwestern foot of the Takashozu Mountains, Toyama Prefecture, and separates the Tonami Plain from the high mountains. Along the fault line, several kinds of fault topographies have developed, such as terminal facets, kern cols, kern buts and valleys flowing parallel to the strike of the fault. At Inami and Akasobu, the Miocene andesitic rock has thrusted up from south to north onto the terrace gravels of the middle and upper Pleistocene ages. The Takashozu fault has dislocated vertically the several levels of terrace surfaces here and there along the fault line. The higher the terraces are, the larger the amount of displacement is. In the drainage basin of the Sho River, it is inferred that not only Pleistocene terraces but also Holocene terrace gravel beds have been cut by the fault activities. In the southwestern part of the Tonami Plain, the gradient of the terrace surface is steeper in the older terraces. The valley dissecting the higher terrace surfaces shows an asymmetric form, i.e., the valley walls of the northern side are generally steeper than those of the southern side. It would be considered that the principal factor forming this asymmetric valley topography is the continuous upheaval of the mountains located to the south of the plain.

著者

鵜沼 辰哉 野口 浩介 澤口 小有美 長谷川 夏樹 町口 裕二

出版者

Japanese Society for Aquaculture Science

雑誌

水産増殖 (ISSN:03714217)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.331-339, 2013-12-20 (Released:2015-04-02)

参考文献数

39

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フロック状のマナマコ用配合飼料を開発した。海藻粉末と市販のナマコ用配合飼料を混合し,ここに約2.4倍量の無機成分(珪藻土とゼオライト)を加え,海藻粉末に含まれるアルギン酸を粘結剤として攪拌しながら塩化カルシウムでゲル化することにより,フロック状に粗い粒子の集合した飼料を調製した。この試験飼料を体長約7.8 mm の稚ナマコに29日間与えたところ,生残率,日間成長率とも海藻粉末区,市販ナマコ用配合飼料区よりも有意に高かった。また,体重約96 g の親ナマコに42日間与えたところ,日間成長率は市販ナマコ用配合飼料区よりも有意に高く,生殖巣指数も高い傾向を示し,組織学的観察から卵形成がより進んだと考えられた。これらの結果から,本飼料は稚ナマコ育成,採卵用親ナマコ養成の双方に有効であると考えられた。

著者

吉見 俊哉

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.309, 2018-10-01 (Released:2018-11-20)

著者

時実 象一

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.40-45, 2017-09-09 (Released:2017-11-16)

参考文献数

33

著者

丹羽 美之

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.375-378, 2019-12-16 (Released:2019-12-16)

参考文献数

5

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いま多くの貴重な記録映画が消失の危機にさらされている。製作会社の倒産により、フィルムの廃棄や散逸がはじまっている。フィルムの劣化も急速に進みつつある。2008年にスタートした記録映画アーカイブ・プロジェクトは、こうした記録映画の収集・保存とその利用・活用を進めてきた。本論では、この記録映画アーカイブ・プロジェクトの10年間の歩みを振り返り、今後の課題と展望を明らかにする。

著者

四蔵 茂雄

出版者

一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会

雑誌

廃棄物学会研究発表会講演論文集 第17回廃棄物学会研究発表会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3, 2006 (Released:2006-10-20)

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海水浴場における散乱ゴミ対策として,ゴミ箱と看板の有効性について,舞鶴市の海水浴場を事例に検証した.以下の結論を得た. 1)ゴミ箱の設置は,発生原単位を大きくする,2)看板の設置は,発生原単位を小さくする,3)ただし,ゴミ箱と看板が併置されると看板の効果は現れなくなる,4)ゴミ箱の設置は,散乱率を小さくする,5)看板の設置は,散乱率を小さくする,6)不燃ゴミは可燃ゴミより放置(散乱)される,7)飲料用容器の中では,ビンが放置されやすい,8)ゴミは人目に係わらず,アクティビティーの場付近で放置される.

著者

土屋 輝一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.1, pp.25-31, 2013 (Released:2014-01-10)

参考文献数

10

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FGIDは器質的異常を伴わない疾患と定義されてきたが,急性胃腸症などの細菌感染,ウイルス感染症後に消化管の機能障害を慢性的にきたすことが指摘され,上皮細胞構成,免疫担当細胞,炎症性サイトカインなどの器質的変化が明らかにされた.またFGIDにおける腸内細菌叢の変化が近年の解析手法の向上により見いだされ,腸内環境への影響とFGIDの病態,症状との関連が注目されている.