著者
松林 尚志 石坂 真悟 中川 徹 中村 幸人
出版者
東京農業大学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.110-115, 2009 (Released:2011-07-26)

多摩川源流域山梨県小菅村の奥山2地域と里山2地域の計4地域において、2008年4月から12月までの9ケ月間、6台のセンサーカメラによって、げっ歯目と翼手目を除く中大型哺乳類相の調査を実施した(1,130カメラ日)。その結果、11種の中大型哺乳類が確認され、撮影頻度(100カメラ日あたりの撮影枚数)が高い種は、上位からニホンジカ(Cervus nippon;12.9)、イノシシ(Sus scrofa;5.4)、テン(Martes melampus;4.5)、ニホンザル(Macaca fuscata;3.3)、そしてタヌキ(Nyctereutes procyonoides;3.1)であった。1位のニホンジカの撮影頻度の割合(32.7%)は、2位のイノシシ(13.7%)に比べ2.4倍高く、4地域すべてにおいて相対的に高い値を示した。また、調査4地域において、対象種の撮影頻度の合計が最も高い傾向を示したのは、湧水域を対象とした奥山地域B(120.2;8種)で、続いて里山地域A(46.0;9種)、里山地域B(44.5;10種)、奥山地域A(17.3;10種)の順であった。湧水域の撮影頻度の高さは、この地域の個体数あるいは利用頻度の高さを反映したものであり、この地域が野生生物管理にとって鍵となる環境であることが示唆された。
著者
八島 加八 北本 真一 小笠原 康雄 沖川 正善 村上 直美 古川 なおみ 山崎 琢磨 馬場 逸志
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.298-302, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-08-17)
参考文献数
5

PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) by Fentanyl citrate is used as a method of pain control after orthopaedic surgery and NSAIDs is prescribed after PCA at Hiroshima City Asa Hospital. There are many cases in which the effect by NSAIDs is insufficient, even if the analgetic effect by PCA is sufficient. In addition, the use of Opioid's adaptation is limited, because it is designated as a narcotic in Japan. Thus we examined the analgetic effect, for the purpose of early rehabilitation, by relieving the pain that patients experience when moving their bodies by using Codeine phosphate tablets which are both effective and can be orally administered.Codeine phosphate 20mg tablets were administered at a dosage of 80mg just after PCA and thereafter 60mg every 4 hours until bedtime. Patients were next administered 80mg when they got up in the morning and 40mg of each every 3 hours until bedtime from the 2 nd day after the operation. We classified the analgetic effect of Codeine phosphate into 5 grades by using a face scale pain score.Codeine phosphate had no effect on the pain when the patients lay quietly in bed. However the pain score significantly decreased to less than 3 (painful) after operation after the administration of Codeine phosphate when they moved their bodies. The pain score on males decreased significantly in comparison with females. Accordingly, it seems that the administration of Codeine phosphate is an effective means to reduce pain when patients move their bodies after operations in the field of orthopaedic surgery.
著者
北田 徳昭 関戸 聡子 小林 睦 渡 雅克 折山 毅 黒田 和夫
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.275-281, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
2 2

In the present study, we implemented the self-monitoring of side effects in surgical outpatients with breast cancer to improve their quality of life (QOL). Self-monitoring of side effects was carried out by entering the early symptoms (myelosuppression and gastrointestinal failures) on a specially prepared side effect checking-sheet.Six outpatients participated in this study. The chemotherapeutic regimens consisted of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil, i.e. CAF therapy.In these patients, a mild myelosuppression was seen after the completion of half of each protocol (from approximately day 8 to 14). However, there was no relationship between the early symptoms of myelosuppression (“fever”, “general fatigue” and “throat pain” score) and the number of leucocytes. On the other hand, the self-monitoring of side effects showed a better influence on the subjective score for the symptoms of gastrointestinal failures (i.e. “nausea”).In the present study, the self-monitoring of side effects in outpatients with breast cancer was thus suggested to be a useful tool for improving the patient's QOL.
著者
八鍬 利助
出版者
社団法人 農業農村工学会
雑誌
農業土木研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.5, pp.281-285, 1955

1. 図1に示したような浸透計に泥炭土, 火山性砂土砂土および埴壌土を填充してこれに潅水し, 浸透量を自記せしめた。<BR>2. 風乾状態の土壤に水を潅水したところ, 保留量の最も多いのは埴壤土で, 火山性砂土これに次ぎ砂土は最も少ない (表5)<BR>3. 火山性砂土および砂土においては流出開始直後に多量の浸透がありその後急に減少するので, 浸透量累積曲線は最初の上昇は極めて急であるが, 時間の経過と共に傾斜は次第に緩かになり, 30時間後はほとんど水平となる。埴壤土においてはこの傾向は一層甚だしく, 20時間以後にはほとんど水平に近づく。泥炭土においては最初の浸透量が少いから曲線は緩かに上昇するが, 時間の経過による浸透量の減少が小さいので4時間経過後の毎時の浸透量は他土壤よりかえつて多く, しかも長い間浸透が続くので長期にわたり緩かに上昇する。(図2および表9)<BR>4. 浸透量累積曲線から毎時の浸透量を読み取り, 時間と浸透量との関係を実験式で表わし, 時間による浸透量の減少する割合を見るに, 泥炭土の浸透量減少は甚だ小さい。すなわち泥炭土においては最初の浸透量は最も少いが, 浸透量の減少が小さいので浸透は長い間続く。本実験の一部は文部省総合科学研究費の援助を得て行つたものである。同省の御厚意に対し深く感謝の意を表する。なお資料の整理には当教室員工藤勇夫氏および大泉英子孃の手を煩わしたことが多い。ここに記して深謝する次第である。
著者
小林 睦 関戸 聡子 北田 徳昭 西山 祐美 吉岡 睦展 辻 隆志 渡 雅克 安藤 厚志 黒田 和夫
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.262-270, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
5

We developed a computer program for drug information for patients using File Maker Pro® software package (ver 4.0). This program consists of four databases : 1) a main database which manages data of drug efficacies, the initial symptoms of serious side effects, cautions, drug interactions, 2) standardization for drug efficacies, 3) standardization of the initial symptoms of serious side effects, and 4) information on the package insert for drugs.These four databases enabled pharmacists to provide standardized drug information rapidly not only to patients but also to other medical staff members.Moreover, these four databases connected with a relational function of File Maker Pro® enabled us to automatically update the data on drug efficacies and initial symptoms of serious side effects by in putting the drug code numbers designated by the Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare into this program.These results suggested this program to be useful for the standardization of drug information and the automatic updating of the data.
著者
下村 一徳 名徳 倫明 村山 洋子 陶山 忠士 長嶋 三香子 土師 久幸
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.255-261, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
6

A system that included both images and voice using a personal computer was developed to provide pharmaceutical instructions for outpatients at the medication counter. A touch panel was adopted for easy use by a wide range of age groups. The system consisted of such items as the “usage of externally applied drug”, “information on disease”, “patient education” and comprised eight items over all. A survey of 105 patients was conducted and almost all patients (95%) understood the drug-related information provided. This system was found to be an effective method for providing patients with easily understood drug-related information and most patients actually enjoyed using this system which led to an improved dissemination of important medication related information.
著者
蒲沢 一行 内藤 由子 佐々木 辰也
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.245-254, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

This paper investigated the distribution of environmental bacteria during the 13-year-period after Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital moved to a new building.(1) The change in airborne bacteria during the 13-year-period was found to be virtually the same as when the building was new.(2) A reduction in airborne bacteria through the use of HEPA filters was observed.(3) Within the hospital and depending on the season, the number of airborne bacteria fluctuated.(4) The detection ratios of airborne bacteria during the 13-year-period hovered in the following ranges : Gram Positive Coccus (GPC) : 75.9 to 77.3%; Gram Positive Bacillus (GPB) : 17.3 to 18.3%; Neisseria spp. : 0.2 to 1.3%; Gram Negative Rod (GNR) : 2.9% to 4.8%; and mycetes : 1.2%.(5) With respect to the number of airborne bacteria detected, assigning a semi-sterile room as 1.0, the nurse's center registered 4.81 times this number and general wards registered 7.22 times this number.(6) The installation of HEPA filters is an effective way of reducing bacteria in the hospital.(7) Cooperation with epidemiologists is needed for improved in-hospital surveillance of airborne bacteria.
著者
平井 みどり 八木 敬子 木口 敏子 長嶺 幸子 冨田 尚子 上田 久美子 平井 由華 岩川 精吾 松田 芳久
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.235-244, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
3 5

In Japan, pharmacy students are not well trained in either communicating with patients/customers nor providing information about drugs. At our university, most of fourth year students have practical training in hospital or community pharmacy. To complement this practical training, we have a pre-training program modeling exchanges between pharmacists and their customers. As we have no communication training in our curriculum, we implemented training for providing drug information, while taking the necessity of communication training activities into consideration. The program was as follows : one was role-play at the pharmacy counter and the other was for documenting and supplying information for junior high school students about drug and health information. After providing drug information, the students evaluated each other and discussed the various aspects of the communication activities. Through such training, the students were able to overcome some communication barriers and in the end felt satisfied with their own presentations. This training proved to be a useful way of improving the information and communication skills of pharmacy students.
著者
斉藤 嘉津彦 清水 瓊子 岡崎 正子 伊林 至洋 端 和夫 前野 康次郎 石井 清二 土橋 和文 島本 和明 戸田 貴大 黒澤 菜穂子 大和田 栄治 加藤 芳伸 大山 徹 梅津 有理 千田 道洋 有吉 範高 鎌滝 哲也 板谷 幸一
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.228-234, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1 1

In recent years, genome science has undergone radical changes and numerous advances have led to the development of its use in medical practice. In particular developments in pharmacogenetics have demonstrated that genetic polymorphism is responsible for inter-individual differences in the drug metabolism. This study was conducted to identify the genetic polymorphisms of CYP 2C 9 and CYP 2 C19 using PCR-RFLP, and the application of a gene analysis was investigated in TDM or pharmaceutical management and in counseling services for patients. In a patient with the following pharmacokinetic parameters for phenytoin, for Km=6.69 μg/mL and Vmax = 3.62 mg/day/kg, and a largely decreased metabolic activity of CYP 2 C9 compared to the general population, the genetic differences in CYP 2 C9 could be determined in genomic DNA based on the patient's peripheral blood. Based on this finding, the effective dose for medication was calculated and administered to the patient. In addition, during medical consultations, both written and oral information in an easily comprehensible form could be given to patients with genetic polymorphism. These procedures allow a for the careful matching of the patient to the right medication and dose. This study indicates the possible application of a genetic analysis of CYP to “Evidence-Based Medicine” in the field of pharmaceutical management in order to control the dosage in individuals and to improve patient counseling.
著者
大石 雅子 片岡 和三郎 中川 知子 勝浦 正人 池田 賢二 黒川 信夫
出版者
一般社団法人日本医療薬学会
雑誌
医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.3, pp.212-220, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)
参考文献数
9

In this study, the present state of the air cleanliness in the drug preparation room at a hospital pharmacy was evaluated, and factors affecting airborne particle numbers (APN) such as the number and the movement of workers and the materials on working clothes and cloths were investigated. In addition, the effect of environmental conditions on air cleanliness on a clean bench was compared. APN was measured with an Aerosol Particle Counter.The maximum 0.5μm APN values while working in the aseptic preparation room were 3, 610, 1, 312 (less than 10, 000 in GMP) and the non-aseptic room were 8, 008, 2, 660 (less than 100, 000) respectively. The conditions of all rooms were sufficiently suitable for drug preparation according to the criteria of GMP.Concerning factors affecting APN, the movement of workers increased the APN much more than the number of workers. The degree of dispersing particles differed greatly depending on the materials of the working clothes and cloths. A decrease to less than 1 /100 can be obtained by the selection of suitable materials for working clothes such as Overall made of polypropylene non-woven fabric from which few of fibers disperse. It is remarkable that smaller particles are dispersed from clothes even after passing through an air shower. In addition, it was confirmed that the dispersing of particles from cloths and rags was also a problem.As long as prescribed methods were used for the clean bench, the air cleanliness inside the clean bench was kept sufficient even through the external air conditions or locations were not so clean.
著者
竹谷 祐哉 長谷川 博
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ニューメディア (ISSN:02885026)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1614, pp.6-7, 2018-06-25

情報キュレーションサービスを展開するGunosyが動画配信サービスに注力している。2018年2月に同社初となるライブ動画として、ユーザー参加型のクイズ番組である「グノシーQ」の配信を開始した。「グノシーQ」は、ニュースアプリ「グノシー」ユーザーであれば参…

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著者
新見正路
出版者
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[2],
著者
山本 勝英 中澤 和夫 森川 康英
出版者
自動制御連合講演会
雑誌
自動制御連合講演会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, pp.228, 2007

複雑な作業への適用を考え,閉リンク5自由度マスタスレーブマニピュレータの開発を行った.開発した機構の運動学を解き,機構の特徴が腹腔内での作業に適していることを示した.また,その機構の特徴を活かせるバイラテラル制御則を提案し実機により有効性を示した.
著者
宮林 真沙代 中村 千香子
出版者
日本緩和医療学会
雑誌
Palliative Care Research (ISSN:18805302)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.2, pp.67-72, 2019 (Released:2019-05-15)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

【背景】Do not attempt resuscitation(DNAR)の意思表示のあるがん終末期のCardiopulmonary arrest(CPA)患者の搬送は,現行消防法では全例蘇生を行いながら搬送される.現場で救急活動を行う消防職員(以下,消防職員)の気持ちを調査検討した.【方法】当地域の消防職員103名に,DNAR提示をしているがん終末期CPA患者を搬送したことがあるか,またその活動内容,および消防法がなかった場合の活動内容に対し,無記名式アンケートを行った.【結果】DNARの意思表示をしていても,消防法に従わざるを得ない現実があった.消防法がないと仮定しても,救命処置を行うと約半数が回答したが,その約半数は搬送を拒否したいとした.【考察】消防職員にとって蘇生行為は使命であり,搬送と意味の違いがあった.救急搬送に対する患者および家族の知識不足や事前の話し合いのなさが,DNAR患者搬送の大きな原因と考えられ,患者の意思を尊重するためにもACPの浸透と地域住民への教育が必要である.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ドラッグインフォメーション (ISSN:1347491X)
巻号頁・発行日
no.59, pp.15-18, 2002-09-10

「なぜ、ここまで複雑な仕組みにしなければならなかったのか。これでは、患者にとって、"費用"と"手間"の二つの負担増だ」——。改正健保法の内容が明らかになるにつれ、多くの医療関係者からこんな声が挙がっている。老人1割、現役世代は3割負担に 患者負担増を柱とする今回の健保法改正は、今年10月と来年4月の2段階で実施される。まずはそのポイントを整理しておこう。