著者

毛利 晶

出版者

西洋史研究会

雑誌

西洋史研究 (ISSN:03869288)

巻号頁・発行日

no.39, pp.1-32, 2010

著者

松村 劭

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経トップリーダー

巻号頁・発行日

no.304, pp.99-101, 2010-01

---

塹壕掘りやバリケード、要塞構築といった「地形加工」は、近代戦争では欠かせない重要な作業。しかし、古代の戦争は、「どこであろうと敵と出会うや否や戦いに突入する」という単純なものだった。ローマ共和国の名将、ルキウス・コルネリウス・スーラは、事前の地形加工で自軍の4倍近い敵を撃破。

著者

Takashi Yamauchi

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.8, pp.1342-1354, 2005 (Released:2005-08-01)

参考文献数

129

被引用文献数

112 153

---

Much has been learned about the activity-dependent synaptic modifications that are thought to underlie memory storage, but the mechanism by which these modifications are stored remains unclear. A good candidate for the storage mechanism is Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). CaM kinase II is one of the most prominent protein kinases, present in essentially every tissue but most concentrated in brain. Although it has been about a quarter of a century since the finding, CaM kinase II has been of the major interest in the region of brain science. It plays a multifunctional role in many intracellular events, and the expression of the enzyme is carefully regulated in brain regions and during brain development. Neuronal CaM kinase II regulates important neuronal functions, including neurotransmitter synthesis, neurotransmitter release, modulation of ion channel activity, cellular transport, cell morphology and neurite extension, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and gene expression. Studies concerning this kinase have provided insight into the molecular basis of nerve functions, especially learning and memory, and indicate one direction for studies in the field of neuroscience. This review presents the molecular structure, properties and functions of CaM kinase II, as a major component of neurons, based mainly developed on findings made in our laboratory.

著者

Shohei Yamauchi Hiroshi Kajihara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.183-192, 2018-11-25 (Released:2018-11-25)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

3

---

Three new species of macrodasyidan gastrotrichs are described from the coasts of Hokkaido, northern Japan. Cephalodasys mahoae sp. nov. differs from congeners in having the oocytes developing from posterior to anterior. Turbanella cuspidata sp. nov. is characterized by a pair of small, ventrolateral projective organs at U06. Turbanella lobata sp. nov. is unique among congeners in having paired lateral lobes on the neck. We inferred the phylogenetic position of C. mahoae sp. nov. by maximum-likelihood analysis and Bayesian inference based on 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and COI gene sequences from 28 species of macrodasyids. In the resulting trees, C. mahoae sp. nov. formed a clade with an unidentified species of Cephalodasys Remane, 1926, but not with C. turbanelloides (Boaden, 1960).

著者

及川 輝樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.10, pp.615-632, 2002-10-15 (Released:2008-04-11)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

5 6

---

飛騨山脈南部に位置する焼岳火山群の地質,火山発達史,噴火様式の特徴を,火山層序学,K-Arおよび14C年代測定値などを基に明らかにした.焼岳火山群は,大棚,岩坪山,割谷山,白谷山,アカンダナ,焼岳の6つの火山に大別され,26ka以降に活動した新期(焼岳,アカンダナ,白谷山)と120-70kaに活動した旧期(割谷山,岩坪山,大棚)に分けられる.最も若いマグマ噴火は,2.3ka(calBP)の中尾火砕流堆積物と焼岳円頂丘溶岩である.この火山群は,複雑な斑晶組み合わせをもつ安山岩からデイサイト質の溶岩ドームおよび溶岩流とそれに伴うblock and ash flow堆積物で構成される.この火山群は,その一生を通して降下軽石やスコリアを噴出せず,爆発的な噴火は行わなかった.新期焼岳火山群の長期的マグマ噴出率は0.1-0.35km3/kyであり,この値は日本の第四紀火山の平均的な値である.しかし,焼岳火山群の体積は日本の平均的な火山より小さい.つまり,焼岳火山群は活動時期が短いがゆえに体積が小さい.最近の噴出率が落ちていないことを考慮に入れると焼岳火山群の活動はまだ続き,今後も溶岩ドームおよび溶岩流の形成とそれに伴うblock and ash flowの形成という非爆発的な噴火を繰り返すと考えられる.

著者

松本 敏治 安藤 房治 飯田 かおり

出版者

弘前大学

雑誌

弘前大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04391713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, pp.187-196, 2002-03

---

弘前市「つがるLDを考える会」および青森市LD親の会「こんぺいとう」の保護者に対して,1.子どもの実体,2.現状,3.教育的ニーズ,4.家族関係を明らかにすることを目的にアンケートを実施した。結果は,1)子どもの約4分の1のみがLD/ADHDとの医学的診断をうけているにすぎない,2)ADHDの医学的診断と教育的判定の間に大きな乗離が見られる,3)多くの子どもが,集中力および対人関係上の問題を抱える,4)保護者の6割が,担任は子どもの問題を理解しているととらえているが,そのうち特別の配慮がなされているとしたものは6割である,5)子どもの対人関係は,非常に狭い範囲に限られている,6)学校への要望としては,教員の理解を求めるものがもっとも多い, 7)保護者は,子どもにとって適切な環境として"通常学級での特別な支援''を考えている,8)地域に不足している支援機関として"LD/ADHDの教育相談機関""LD/ADHDの医療機関"が挙げられた,9)家族の中にも子どもの状態を正確に把握し得ていないものがいるとの回答が約半数で見られた,ことを示した。

著者

山根 京子 小林 恵子 清水 祐美

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.219-229, 2018 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

若者のワサビ離れの実態は不明であり,ワサビや辛味の嗜好性との関係も調べられたことはなかった.そこで全国の農業高等学校15校と老人介護施設3施設を対象に郵送でアンケート用紙を送付し,高校生594人および高齢者65人から有効回答を得て辛味に関する嗜好性を分析した.その結果,高齢者より高校生で,高校生男子より高校生女子で「ワサビ嫌い」が有意に多くみられることがわかった.辛い食べ物やトウガラシでは世代,性別間で有意な差はみられなかった.嫌いな理由として「鼻にツンとくるから」が72%と最も高かった.ワサビ好きと「回転寿司の利用頻度」と「肉の嗜好性」とは無関係であり,「魚の嗜好性」と 「生ワサビの経験値」 と有意な関係性がみられた.一方,「家族のワサビの経験値」とも有意な関係性がみられ, ワサビの嗜好性には家庭環境が影響を与えている可能性がある.今回の結果から,若い人たちが本当のワサビの味を知らず,身近な食材としてトウガラシをより好む傾向になりつつある現状が浮かびあがった.より多くの人たちに生ワサビを食する機会を設けるなど何等かの対策を講じる必要があるだろう.

著者

丹羽 智美

出版者

日本パーソナリティ心理学会

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.156-169, 2005 (Released:2005-06-15)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

7 4

---

本研究の目的は,親への愛着を測定する尺度を作成し,親への愛着がストレス状況における適応過程へ与える影響について検討することであった.Brennan, Clark & Shaver (1998) は愛着を不安と回避によってとらえられるとしたことから,本研究では親への愛着をその2側面からとらえる尺度作成を試みた.研究1において,親への愛着,自己受容,親子関係からなる質問紙に回答を求めた.親への愛着は愛着不安と愛着回避の2因子が得られ,その信頼性と妥当性が確認された.研究2では,学校間移行という環境移行に焦点をあて,親への愛着の適応過程に及ぼす影響について縦断的に検討を行った.2回の調査において,親への愛着,自尊感情,孤独感,大学生活不安からなる質問紙に回答を求めた.その結果,愛着不安高群の方が愛着不安低群よりも,第1回調査時期と第2回調査時期における孤独感と対人関係不安の差が大きかった.このことより,親への愛着不安の低い方がストレス状況における孤独感と対人関係不安を緩衝していることが示唆された.

著者

戸矢学著

出版者

太陽出版 (発売)

巻号頁・発行日

2014

著者

大和 香織

出版者

日本不動産研究所

雑誌

不動産研究 (ISSN:05327776)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.3-16, 2015-04

著者

春木 育美

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.93-106, 2011-03

---

The currency crisis in 1997 transformed foreign worker policies in South Korea.The government adopted a wide range of measures in order to escape from theunprecedented depression. The implementation of "the employment permit systemfor foreign workers" in 2004 and "the visiting employment system" in 2007 dramaticallychanged its stance on foreign worker policies in South Korea. Even though strictregulations were imposed on unskilled foreign workers, it was relaxed by opening theway for full-time positions with certain limitations. The considerable change in whichKorea legitimately accepted unskilled foreign workers, not as trainees, occurred dueto the severe deficiency of workers in small businesses, rapid decline in birthrate, andaging of society. Thus, there was an increasing concern for further labor shortage inthe future.

著者

安江 任

出版者

無機マテリアル学会

雑誌

Journal of the Society of Inorganic Materials, Japan (ISSN:21854378)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.299, pp.192-207, 2002-07-01 (Released:2011-03-07)

参考文献数

67

著者

水鄕 春草 不割 江村 久戀 汀韻 羽川 曉嵐 鬼葉子 渭南 [スイキョウ] [ハルクサ] [フカツ] [コウソン] [キュウレン] [テイイン] [ハガワ] [ギョウラン] [キヨウシ] [イナン] 水郷 久恋 暁嵐

出版者

龍南會

雑誌

龍南會雜誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, pp.32-33, 1908-12-24

著者

岡 秀郎

出版者

関西医科大学医学会

雑誌

関西医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00228400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.131-152, 1984-03-20 (Released:2013-02-19)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

6 6

---

Objectives of this paper were to elucidate essential electrical discharge patterns of lower limb muscles and their variabilities during a normal gait cycle.Subjects employed in the experiments were 217 healthy adults of both sexes, ranging in age from 18 to 22 years, and they had no disorder in the lower limb or the central nervous system in their medical history. Electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from the Tibialis anterior (Ta), the Gastrocnemius lateral head (Gl), the Vastus medialis (Vm), the Gluteus maximus (Gm), the Rectus femoris (Rf), the Medial Hastrings (MH), and the Biceps femoris (Bf) by conventional method using surface electrodes. Angular changes of the ankle, knee and hip joints and time signals at the heel and the toe contacts with the ground were simultaneously recorded with the EMGs.The essential EMG pattern s of the lower limb muscles during a normal gait cycle were conclusively summarized: 1) The ankle joint muscles; i) The marked discharge of the Ta was observed in the period from the end of the swing phase to the early part of the stance phase, and in the period from the end of the stance phase to the early part of the swing phase. ii) The Gl showed the main discharge in the latter half of the stance phase, and showed almost complete electrical silence in the former half of the swing phase.2) The knee and hip joint muscles; i) The discharge of the Vm started at the latter half of the swing phase and increased abruptly just before or after the heel contact. The marked discharge of the Vm lasted into the first double leg support period. ii) The discharge of the Gm started at the latter half of the swing phase and increased just before or after the heel contact. The Gm showed the continuous discharge during the former half of the stance phase. iii) The main discharge of th Rf was similar to that of the Vm, and the Rf did not show distinguished activity in the former half of the swing phase. iv) The MH and the Bf showed the marked discharges from the the latter half of the swing phase to just before or after the heel contact, but little or no discharge in the former half of the swing phase.In addition to the essential EMG pattern s, the variations in the EMG patterns which were found to be within ranges of the normal activities were as follows: 1) The ankle joint muscles ; i) The distinguished discharge of the Ta at about the mid-swing phase appeared in about 85% of the subjects. ii) The discharge variation of the G1 was hardly observed during the gait cycle.2) The knee and hip joint muscles; i) The discharge of the Vm was seen around the mid-stance phase and in the second double leg support period in about 20% of the subjects. ii)The discharge variations of the Gm were similar to those of the Vm. iii) The discharge of the Rf appeared around the mid-stance phase in less than 20% of the subjects and at the end of the stance phase in about 80%. iv) In about 60% of the subjects the marked discharges of the MH and the Bf in the latter half of the swing phase decreased or disappeared abruptly around the heel contact; however, in the other 40%, the discharges continued until the midstance phase. The discharges of the MH and the Bf at the end of the stance phase were observed in less than 20% of the subjects.The marked discharges of the MH and the Bf decreased or disappeared abruptly at the moment when the Rf abruptly increased its electrical activity around the heel contact, and the spike sessation lasted until the moment when the Rf decreased its activity. It was suggested that the spike inhibition in the MH and the Bf might be due to an antagonistic inhibition caused by facilitation of the Rf.

著者

宇野 公一郎

出版者

東京女子大学

雑誌

東京女子大学紀要論集 (ISSN:04934350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.95-138, 2011-03

---

In this article I have translated and annotated "The Way to Decorate the Drum with the Trophy of War (Inzira yo kwambik ingoma)," a section of the esoteric royal ritual Code, the Ubwiru, of Rwanda. In addition, I have compared the customs of nearby kingdoms of the Great Lakes Region of Africa focusing on the royal drums and mutilation of the bodies of the dead. From this comparison I have discussed that although mutilation of the bodies of dead enemy and placing fetishes on royal drums are found in the different parts of the region, the systematization of the rituals to decorate the royal drum by hanging the enemy king's testicles was found only in Rwanda. Furthermore, I have outlined the history of Rwanda's expeditions to expand the territory and surveyed especially on abahinza (the native chiefs). From this I conclude that "The Way to Decorate the Drum with the Trophy of War" strongly reflects the increase of the military expeditions of the Kigeri IV Rwabugiri in the latter half of the 19th century, especially the Rwandanization of the abahinza's territory in the western and northern regions of the kingdom.本稿はルワンダの王朝秘典ubwiruの1つ「太鼓に戦利品を飾る道」に訳・注をつけた。そしてそれを補うために、まず、王権太鼓と死体毀損に注目しながら大湖地方の諸王国の習俗を比較した。その結果、敵の死体の毀損、王権太鼓への呪物の添付といった個々の要素は大湖地方のあちこちに見られるが、敵王の睾丸で飾りを作って王権太鼓に吊す儀式を制度化した国はルワンダ以外にはなかったことが明らかになった。さらに、ルワンダの対外拡張戦争を概観したうえでヒンザ(土着首長)について考察した。その結果、「太鼓に戦利品を飾る道」は19世紀後半のKigeri IV Rwabugiriの軍事行動の増加、とりわけ西部や北部のヒンザの領域のルワンダ化を色濃く反映していると結論した。

著者

任 琳

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.339-375, 2014-02-28

---

The Livelihood Protection Law of Japan was enacted in 1946 and revised in 1950. A livelihood protection system, which is a core of Japan's public assistance, has been applied for more than half a century. However, the livelihood protection system has never been effected a drastic reform. The system has not properly been adjusted to social changes such as aging population, declining birthrate, and structural changes in household and employment status. Due to the imperfection of Japan's social security system, the livelihood protection system has performed a function of all the last safety-net. This paper aims at explaining actual conditions of the livelihood protection in Osaka City and its influencing factors. The analysis is carried out by using municipal district data. To explain the cause of the high rate of livelihood protection in Osaka City may have an important meaning for considering improvements and reform of the Japanese livelihood protection system.

著者

水谷 文俊

出版者

神戸大学

雑誌

Business insight : the journal for deeper insights into business (ISSN:09194118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.2-3, 2012

著者

松浦 史明

出版者

上智大学大学院史学専攻院生会

雑誌

紀尾井史学 (ISSN:02863421)

巻号頁・発行日

no.26, pp.37-51, 2007-01

著者

原野 一誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.6, pp.469-489, 2005-06-01 (Released:2005-06-01)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

7 7

---

Chugaev reaction provides access to olefins from alcohols without rearrangement through pyrolysis of O-alkyl S-alkyl dithiocarbonates (xanthates) via cis elimination. Xanthates having no β-hydrogens undergo thione-to-thiol rearrangement to give S,S-dialkyl dithiocarbonates (thiolcarbonates). Based on these backgrounds, we intended to use the dithiolcarbonates as precursors of thiols. Xanthates could be converted to the corresponding dithiolcarbonates by Lewis-acid catalysis. Pyridine N-oxides and 4-dimethylaminopyridine also catalyzed the rearrangement reaction. On the other hand, O-(2-alkenyl) S-alkyl dithiocarbonates undergo [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give the allylically rearranged S-(2-alkenyl) S-alkyl dithiocarbonates. The homoallylic xanthates gave the corresponding dithiolcarbonates on heating with phenols. Pyrolysis of allylic dithiolcarbonates caused retro-ene type reaction to give the allylic sulfides in which allylic rearrangement also occurs. Coupling of these pericyclic reactions with intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction affords a one-pot synthetic method for the construction of hydroisobenzothiophenes. The mechanisms of the cascade and related reactions are demonstrated by location of the transition states using molecular orbital calculation method at various levels of theory involving density functional theory (DFT).

著者

林 清五郎 植木 寛 原野 誠子 小宮 順子 井山 駿 原野 一誠 宮田 勝昭 新形 邦宏 米村 嘉郎

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.11, pp.1271-1276, 1964-11-25 (Released:2008-03-31)

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Dimethanesulphonylthioalkanes and analogous compounds were synthesized by the reaction of corresponding sodium thiosulphonate and appropriate dibromide to test the carcinostatic activity compaed with Myleran. It was found that some of these compounds inhibited pronouncedly the growth of the solid tumor produced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.