著者
武田 憲昭
出版者
日本微量元素学会
雑誌
Biomedical Research on Trace Elements (ISSN:0916717X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.1, pp.32-37, 2010 (Released:2013-09-09)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

We developed the ratio of apo/holo activities of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE ratio) in the serum as an index of the zinc nutrition status. The zinc nutrition in patients with taste impairment was then estimated by dietary zinc intake, zinc concentration and ACE ratio in the serum. The results obtained in a series of our studies suggested that zinc deficiency is predominant factor underlying taste impairment even when zinc concentrations are within normal ranges in the serum and that ACE ratio is a more sensitive indicator of the zinc nutrition status than measuring zinc concentration in the serum. There were no differences of dietary intake of zinc after adjusting for energy and zinc concentration in the serum between patients and age-matched healthy subjects. But, ACE ratio in patients with taste impairment was significantly higher than that in age-matched healthy subjects. It is suggested that zinc deficiency in patients with taste impairment is due to malabsorption of dietary zinc from the duodenum and jejunum, but not low intake of dietary zinc.

6 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1898年10月22日, 1898-10-22
著者
人間文化研究機構国文学研究資料館
雑誌
史料目録 = The catalogue of historical collections (ISSN:24352055)
巻号頁・発行日
no.113, pp.1-159, 2021-03-31

口絵凡例総目次信濃国埴科郡松代伊勢町八田家文書目録(その13)本文細目次解題目録本文既刊目録に見られる八田家文書群の階層構造一覧
著者
人間文化研究機構国文学研究資料館
雑誌
史料目録 = The catalogue of historical collections (ISSN:24352055)
巻号頁・発行日
no.112, pp.1-179, 2021-03-31

口絵凡例総目次近現代文書目録(その2)多賀宗之文書目録 目録本文細目次 解題 目録本文満洲国史編纂資料目録 目録本文細目次 解題 目録本文サハリン残留韓国人帰還運動関係資料目録 目録本文細目次 解題 目録本文
著者
杉岡 良彦
出版者
日本医学哲学・倫理学会
雑誌
医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.61-70, 2007-10-18 (Released:2018-02-01)

Dr. Makoto Kondo, a radiologist at Keio University, has suggested that one should not fight against cancer. His arguable claims are that (1) cancer screening is ineffective and that (2) cancer is divided into two categories: true cancer and pseudo-cancer ("gan-modoki" in Japanese). The former has a strong potential to be invasive and has already reached the invasive state on detection by screening. The latter is noninvasive and therefore the affected patients need not undergo medical treatment unless they exhibit some symptoms. Kondo highlights the evidence provided by medicine and informs us of how poor its basis is. It should be noted that he reached this conclusion through in-depth reflection on findings regarding cancer, without submitting to the opinions of the authorities. From the perspective of philosophy of medicine, we may state that his attitude is that of a philosopher. However, he also discourages patients who believe that cancer screening and treatment are effective. On the other hand, Dr. Toru Abo, an immunologist and a professor at Niigata University, has developed a theory regarding the close relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system, and maintains that cancer can be cured by activation of the latter. In contrast to the claims of Kondo, many of Abo's claims lack medical evidence, but he offers hope to patients. Kondo's theory is based on positivism, and he does not raise the hope of patients. Kondo's position is very effective in revealing the insubstantial basis of medical science, but he confronts patients with nihilism, while Abo offers hope without considering the fact humans are mortal. Based on the opinions of these two doctors, we can reflect on the limits of application of positivism in medicine and the importance of the optimism that patients display and their individual initiative.
著者
出口 智広 吉安 京子 尾崎 清明 佐藤 文男 茂田 良光 米田 重玄 仲村 昇 富田 直樹 千田 万里子 広居 忠量
出版者
日本鳥学会
雑誌
日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.1, pp.39-51, 2015 (Released:2015-04-28)
参考文献数
81
被引用文献数
1 3

生態系サービスの持続的利用を考える上で,生物がどのようなサービスを人間に提供するかだけでなく,このサービスを提供する生物が環境変化によってどのような影響を受けているかの双方の理解が不可欠である.本研究では,東南アジアから繁殖のために日本に渡ってくる夏鳥の中から,気象庁生物季節観測(1953~2008年)および標識調査(1961~1971年,1982~2011年)で情報が多く得られているツバメ,カッコウ,オオヨシキリ,コムクドリを選び,成鳥および巣内雛の出現時期の長期変化,両時期と前冬および当春の気温との関係,および植物,昆虫の春期初認日との関係について調べた.その結果,ツバメ,オオヨシキリ,コムクドリの成鳥および巣内雛は,出現時期が早期化する傾向が見られたが,カッコウだけは出現時期が近年晩期化する傾向が見られた.ツバメ,オオヨシキリの成鳥および巣内雛の出現時期は,気温が高い年ほど早期化する傾向が見られたが,カッコウの出現時期は気温が高い年ほど晩期化する傾向が見られた.これらの長期変化の速度は,一部を除いて,欧米の先行研究の結果からの大きな逸脱は見られなかった.また,これら鳥類と植物および昆虫の出現時期とのずれは一定で推移しているとは言えなかったが,早期化あるいは晩期化する鳥類を隔てる要因や,フェノロジカルミスマッチをもたらす要因について明らかにすることはできなかった.今後フェノロジカルミスマッチに注目した研究を進める際には地域差を考慮した解析が必要である.
著者
原村 隆司 田畑 諒一 宝田 一輝
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物教育学会
雑誌
生物教育 (ISSN:0287119X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3, pp.25-31, 2011 (Released:2019-09-28)
参考文献数
29

For an elementary school children, observation of animal behavior would be important to understand life history of animals. In the present study, we developed teaching materials for the understanding of respiration, especially differences between branchial and pulmonary respirations. Tadpoles of the American bull frog (Rana catesbeiana) generally take dissolved oxygen from water by branchial respiration and through skin. However, if dissolved oxygen in water is low, they sometimes perform air breathing with pulmonary respiration. To understand the change from branchial respiration to pulmonary respiration in tadpoles, we manipulated conditions (abiotic conditions [water pressure, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration], biotic conditions [quantity of motion, population density, and developmental stage]) of tank where tadpoles were introduced, and counted the number of air breathing. We also compared the number of air breathing among different developmental stages of tadpoles, because it is supposed that tadpoles during metamorphosis would increase the dependency on pulmonary respiration. The number of air breathing behavior of tadpoles clearly increased when the dissolved carbon dioxide was increased. This indicates that when dissolved oxygen in water is low, brachial respiration is not useful and tadpoles use pulmonary respiration to take the oxygen from air. As the developmental stage prodeeded, the number of air breathing behavior increased. This would reflect physiological transitions during the metamorphosis in which lungs are developing and gills are disappearing. Air breathing behavior of tadpoles is easily observed. By making this experiment with tadpoles, elementary school children would understand the respiration of animals. We emphasized that observation and experiment of animal behavior would be important as teaching materials at elementary school.
著者
鈴木 裕之 中野 実 蓮池 俊和 仲村 佳彦 畠山 淳司 庭前 野菊 清水 尚
出版者
一般社団法人 日本救急医学会
雑誌
日本救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:0915924X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.6, pp.297-302, 2011-06-15 (Released:2011-08-19)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2 1

症例は70歳の女性。自宅で呼吸苦を自覚し自ら119番通報をした。救急車内収容時に無脈性電気活動(pulseless electrical activity; PEA)となり,救急隊員による約1分間の心肺蘇生術で心拍再開し当院へ搬送された。当院到着時に再びPEAとなり,アドレナリン1mgを投与し,気管挿管,当院スタッフによる約8分間の心肺蘇生術で心拍は再開した。心エコーで著明な右心負荷所見,胸部造影CTで左右の肺動脈に血栓を認め,肺塞栓と診断した。へパリン3,000単位静注後,肺動脈造影を施行したところ,肺動脈主幹部の血栓は既に溶解しており,造影欠損像を末梢に認めるのみであった。循環動態,呼吸状態ともに安定したため,抗凝固療法のみ行う方針でICUに入室させた。しかし,ICU入室4時間後から徐々に血圧が下がり始め,入室6時間後にはショック状態となった。心エコーで右心負荷所見は改善傾向にあり,肺塞栓による閉塞性ショックは否定的だった。腹部エコーで大量の腹水を認め,腹部造影CTでは血性腹水と肝裂傷を認め,胸骨圧迫による肝損傷から出血性ショックに至ったと診断した。硫酸プロタミンでへパリンを拮抗し,大量輸血で循環を安定させ塞栓術による止血を試みた。しかし,肝動脈と門脈からの血管外漏出は認められず,塞栓術による止血は不可能であった。静脈性出血の自然止血を期待し腹腔内圧をモニターしながら,腹部コンパートメント症候群に注意しつつ経過観察した。第2病日循環動態は安定し,第9病日抗凝固療法を再開した。第10病日人工呼吸器離脱し,第40病日独歩退院した。心肺蘇生術後の患者では,蘇生術に伴う合併症の発生を常に念頭に置きながら,原疾患の治療にあたることが重要である。
著者
斎藤 忠資
出版者
人体科学会
雑誌
人体科学 (ISSN:09182489)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.41-49, 2005-05-30

我々はすでに4次元界が存在すれば時間と空間の制約を超えて臨死体験に見られる内部透視、360度視野、未来の記憶、全生涯展望といった超感覚的知覚が説明できることを考察した。さらに、何故体外離脱するときに必ず上から地上の状況を見るのか、又何故体外離脱する超意識体からは地上のものが見えるのに、地上の人間からはこの超意識体を見ることができないのかも解明した。我々の宇宙をアインシュタインの4次元時空連続体と考え、我々の4次元時空連続体を超える仕方で5次元目の世界が存在するとすれば、臨死体験にみられる上記以外の通常ではあり得ない現象も説明できることを、この小論の考察によって明らかにしたい。5次元空間の完全な知覚体からは3次元空間にあるすべてのものの内部を見ることも、3次元空間のある対象を360度の角度から同時にみることもできる。超意識体は4次元時空連続体の時間と空間の制約(距離による分離)を超えている。5次元界は我々の4次元時空界を超越しているので、我々には一切知覚できない。
著者
Jian SHOU Pei-Jie CHEN Wei-Hua XIAO
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.5, pp.383-389, 2019-10-31 (Released:2019-10-31)
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
3 27

The toxic catabolic intermediates of branched chain amino acids can cause insulin resistance, and are involved in different mechanisms in different metabolic tissues. In skeletal muscle, 3-hydroxy-isobutyrate produced by valine promotes skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake, resulting in the accumulation of incompletely oxidized lipids in skeletal muscle, causing skeletal muscle insulin resistance. In the liver, branched-chain α-keto acids decompose in large amounts, promote hepatic gluconeogenesis, and lead to the accumulation of multiple acylcarnitines, which damages the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in the accumulation of incomplete oxidation products, oxidative stress in mitochondria, and hepatic insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, the expression of branched-chain amino acid catabolic enzymes (branched-chain amino acid transaminase, branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase) is reduced, resulting in an increased level of plasma branched-chain amino acids, thereby causing massive decomposition of branched-chain amino acids in tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, and inducing insulin resistance. However, branched-chain amino acids, as a common nutritional supplement for athletes, do not induce insulin resistance. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that exercise can enhance the mitochondrial oxidative potential of branched-chain amino acids, alleviate or even eliminate the accumulation of branched-chain amino acid catabolic intermediates, and promotes branched-chain amino acids catabolism into beta-aminoisobutyric acid, increasing plasma beta-aminoisobutyric acid concentration, improving insulin resistance. This article reveals the mechanism of BCAA-induced insulin resistance and the relationship between exercise and BCAAs metabolism, adds a guarantee for the use of BCAAs, and provides a new explanation for the occurrence of diabetes and how exercise improves diabetes.
著者
Tadahisa Sugiura Chitaru Kurihara Masashi Kawabori Andre C. Critsinelis Andrew B. Civitello Jeffrey A. Morgan O. H. Frazier
出版者
The Editorial Committee of Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
雑誌
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (ISSN:13411098)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.64-67, 2021 (Released:2021-02-20)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1 3

An increasing number of children with congenital heart disease are surviving into adulthood and subsequently developing end-stage heart failure. Two example populations are adults who have been previously operated on for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) and transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Implantation of a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) in these patients can present unusual anatomical and physiologic challenges. In this report, we describe outcomes of CF-LVAD implantation in three such patients. These cases demonstrate the feasibility of implanting a CF-LVAD in patients who have undergone surgery for CCTGA and/or TGA.
著者
吉川 肇子
出版者
The Japanese Group Dynamics Association
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.45-54, 1989-08-20 (Released:2010-02-26)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
2 1

ポジティヴな評価の印象 (好印象) よりも, ネガティヴな評価の印象 (悪印象) の方が, 持続しやすく, 覆しにくいことを明らかにした。あわせて, 帰属の違いを変数として導入し, 印象変化との関連を検討した。被験者は95名の男女大学生であり, 刺激人物の行動を記述した文章を与えて, はじめの印象を形成させた。10分間のディストラクション課題をはさんで, はじめの印象と反対の情報を与え, 印象の変化を分析した。さらに1週間後, 印象評定のみを行い, 印象の持続を調べた。帰属の違いは, はじめに与える刺激文中で操作した。仮説は次の通りである: 1) 悪印象は好印象よりも覆しにくい。2) 悪印象は好印象よりも持続しやすい。3) 悪印象であれ, 好印象であれ, 状況帰属されるよりも傾性帰属される方が, 印象は残りやすい。実験の結果, 仮説1), 2) ともに支持された。帰属の操作は有効でなかったために, 仮説3) は検証できなかった。さらに, 活動性の次元の印象の変化の分析から, 印象の残りやすさには, 何を最頻的と考えるかということが決め手となるという, 各次元共通のメカニズムが働いていることが示唆された。

6 0 0 0 OA クロミタイト

著者
荒井 章司
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.119, no.2, pp.392-410, 2010-04-25 (Released:2010-07-06)
参考文献数
87
被引用文献数
7 9

Various characteristics of podiform chromitites, an enigmatic mantle rock member, are reviewed in this article. Chromitites are composed of chromian spinel, with the general formula (Mg, Fe2+)(Cr, Al, Fe3+)2O4, and silicates (mainly olivine). The Fe3+ content is generally very low, being less than 0.1 to all trivalent cations, in mantle chromian spinels. The Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratio (= Mg#) changes inversely with the Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio (= Cr#), which increases with an increase of degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites. The Cr# of chromian spinel is generally higher than 0.4 (generally 0.6 to 0.8) in podiform chromitites, varying widely from 0.1 to 0.9 in the mantle peridotite. The podiform chromitite forms pod-like bodies (dimensions of up to 1.5 km × 150 m for an individual pod) with a dunite envelope, totally set within mantle harzburgite. In well-preserved ophiolites, they occur in the uppermost mantle, especially in and beneath the Moho transition zone, which is dominated by dunite. The Cr# of chromian spinel is relatively low (0.4 to 0.6) around the Moho transition zone, and high (>0.6) at deeper levels in the mantle section. Chromitites are denser and less anisotropic in Vp than peridotites, and the Vp is 8.5 to 9 km/sec depending on the proportion of chromian spinel, and higher in the former than in the latter.  The podiform chromitite has been interpreted to be one of melt/rock interaction products within the uppermost mantle harzburgite; hybridization of relatively Si-rich melt formed by the breakdown of orthopyroxenes of the wall harzburgite and subsequently supplied primitive melt cause oversaturation in chromian spinel, giving rise to formation of chromitite with a dunite envelope. The fractionated melt leaving high-Cr# podiform chromitite is possibly of arc-magma affinity. Chromitites with low-Cr# (0.4 to 0.6) chromian spinel can be in equilibrium with MORB. Recently found ultra-high pressure minerals, such as diamond, moissanite, Fe-silicides and Ni-Fe-Cr-C alloys, within chromian spinel of podiform chromitites make the genetical history of chromitites highly enigmatic. A new story, which incorporates the genesis and involvement of these highly reducing, ultra-high pressure minerals, is required.