著者
So Morishima Yuki Kawada Yoichi Fukushima Tomohisa Takagi Yuji Naito Ryo Inoue
出版者
SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN
雑誌
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.22-81, (Released:2022-11-23)
参考文献数
43

Matcha green tea is made from powdered green tea leaves. Unlike regular green tea, Matcha green tea is believed to exert beneficial effects on the gut microbiota, as it is richer in nutrients such as tea catechins and insoluble dietary fiber. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of consumption of Matcha green tea on the gut microbiota. Human participants were randomly assigned to a placebo (n = 16) or a Matcha green tea (n = 17) drink group and asked to drink the treatments for two weeks. Feces were collected from the participants pre- and post-treatment and fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S ‍rRNA metagenomic sequencing. The beta-diversity of microbial composition significantly (p<0.05) changed in MGT group but not in placebo group. In addition, the number of unique bacterial genera significantly (p<0.05) changed in the Matcha green tea group was 30, while it was only 3 in the Placebo group. Increase and decrease in abundances of Coprococcus and Fusobacterium, respectively, in the gut microbiota of Matcha green tea group, conferred potential health benefits to the host. The present study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000043857).
著者
竹村 一夫
出版者
社会学研究会
雑誌
ソシオロジ (ISSN:05841380)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.87-108,183, 1991-02-28 (Released:2017-02-15)

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the function of the cult of the jizo-son toward the community reconstruction. This paper is based on the results of sampling research in Osaka city, in 1988. Our basic hypotheses are as follows: 1 ) the religious properties of the cult of the jizo-son are weakened and 2 ) the cult of the jizo-son can be useful for community reconstruction. We took some steps to examine facts and documents, the taken-for-grantedness of the value domain called "Cultural Property". It was in 1897 that the definition "National Treasure", the highest category of Cultural Property, was newly introduced by the Old Shrines and Temples Preservation Act. And it was this act that served as the basis for the present Cultural Properties Protection Act enacted in 1950. After analyzing 1 ) how the conception of "fine art" was interpreted in Japan over a thirty year period, from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until 1897, 2 ) why things with religious value became the objects of preservation, and 3 ) what kind of discussion was held in the Imperial Diet in approving the act, one conclusion seems clear. That is, that the value "National Treasure" was brought forth in order to meet two demands: the spiritual demand which was enhanced by the nationalistic trend of the time and the demand for the promotion of overseas trade to increase the national wealth. The birth of the National Treasure can be interpreted, from one side, as a symbolic example of the secularization of religion during the modernization process of Meiji Japan. But from the other side, it was a conversion of a religious symbol into a national symbol which was none the less sacred.
著者
森岡 弘之
出版者
The Ornithological Society of Japan
雑誌
(ISSN:00409480)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.4, pp.125-129, 1979-12-30 (Released:2007-09-28)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 2

Check-list of Japanese Birds (1974) follows VAURIE (1955, 1959) in synonymizing Turdus chrysolaus orii YAMASHINA with nominate chrysolaus. Re-examination of materials, including the type and other specimens from the Kurile Islands, has shown that the breeding males of orii, the northern Kurile population (Paramushir, Araido, Matsuwa), can be separated readily from those of nominate chrysolaus from Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Honshu, on account of the very dark coloration of their head. In this subspecies (breeding males) the head and crown is blackish sooty brown in contrast to the olive-brown nape and back, giving an appearance of being black-capped, whereas in nominate chrysolaus the upper parts are more or less uniform olive brown. The wing length and the bill height (but not bill length) of orii are also larger, although the ranges of variation overlap to some extent between the two forms (Figs. 1-2). It therefore seems to me best to retain orii as a distinct subspecies. In females, juveniles and first winter males orii is rather similar to the nominate form, but in males the characteristics of orii may become recognizable in February or March as the wear of the plumage progresses.
著者
三輪 博樹
出版者
一般財団法人 アジア政経学会
雑誌
アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.4, pp.72-89, 2016-10-31 (Released:2016-11-23)
参考文献数
34

Since the independence in 1947, India has adopted the federal system of government. In India, most of the states are organized along major linguistic lines. Language-based organization of state boundaries started in 1950s and completed in 1987. However, even today there are many demands for the creation of new states. In this paper, I focused on the case of the creation of Telangana state in the Southern India in 2014, and examined three points: (1) Which socio-economic factors contribute to the movements for new states. (2) How the federal and state governments respond to such movements. (3) What are the conditions for the creation of new states. According to the case of the Telangana statehood movement since 2000s, people’s movements for new states in India today are motivated by not only their political and economic interests or so-called identity politics based on caste, religion, etc., but also their demands for the fair distribution of wealth and educational opportunities and for the preservation of their own dignity and self-esteem. A research group led by Kalpana Kannabiran concludes that the Telangana statehood movement is “the emergence of a new politics that is committed to deliberating over the meanings of democracy and direct action.” The existence of such statehood movements is certainly one of the most important factors which contributes to the creation of new states. Nevertheless, whether they are actually created mostly hinges upon the decisions of the federal government and the major political parties. A new state is likely to be created when (1) most of the major political parties in the old undivided state consider that they can get political benefits from the creation of new state, and (2) the ruling party or parties at the center are one of such major political parties in the old undivided state. Although the existence of the statehood movements is important for the creation of new states, it is in fact only a trigger or just cause for the federal government to start the process of the creation of those states. However, if a “new politics” as Kannabiran et al. says is actually emerging in India and the recent movements for new states are one of such “new politics,” it may become more and more difficult for the federal and state governments to deal with such movements in the same old way.
著者
高橋 有己 西川 元也 高倉 喜信
出版者
日本DDS学会
雑誌
Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.2, pp.116-124, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-06-25)
参考文献数
27

細胞から分泌される膜小胞であるエクソソームは、核酸・タンパク質・脂質などの内因性キャリアであることから、エクソソームを用いたDDSの開発が注目されている。エクソソームを用いたDDSの開発にはエクソソーム体内動態の制御法を開発することが必須であるが、それにはまずエクソソームの体内動態に関する情報の蓄積が必要不可欠である。しかしながら、その情報はいまだ乏しく、体系的な理解には至っていないのが現状である。本稿では、これまでに報告されたエクソソームの体内動態の特徴を整理するとともに、エクソソームの体内動態解析を目的とした我々の取り組みを紹介する。
著者
Zheng ZHANG Ru ZHANG Zhi-Zhen QIN Jia-Ping CHEN Jia-Ying XU Li-Qiang QIN
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.2, pp.143-150, 2018 (Released:2018-04-30)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
7 12

Whey protein is associated with improvement of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate effects of whey protein on atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Male ApoE−/− mice were fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD), or HFCD supplemented with 10% or 20% whey protein for 18 wk. At the end of experiment, serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines were assayed. Livers were examined using HE staining and Oil Red O staining. Aortas were used for en face and cryosection analyses to observe aortic lesions. Western blotting analysis was used to assess relative protein expression of cholesterol metabolism in the liver and aorta. No significant differences were observed in body weight or food intake among the three groups. Liver examination demonstrated decreased lipid droplets and cholesterol content in the whey-protein-supplemented groups. En face lesion of the aorta revealed a 21.51% and 31.78% lesion reduction in the HFCD supplemented with 10% and 20% whey groups, respectively. Decreased lesion was also observed in cryosection analysis. Whey protein significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level by 46.43% and 67.86%. The 20% whey protein significantly decreased serum IL-6 (a proinflammatory cytokine) by 70.99% and increased serum IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) by 83.35%. Whey protein potently decreased lipogenic enzymes (ACC and FAS) in the liver and NF-κB expression in the liver and aorta. Whey protein significantly increased protein expression of two major cholesterol transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) in the liver and aorta. Thus, chronic whey protein supplementation can improve HFCD-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice by regulating circulating lipid and inflammatory cytokines and increasing expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1.
著者
蓮見 惠司
出版者
一般社団法人 日本血栓止血学会
雑誌
日本血栓止血学会誌 (ISSN:09157441)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.3, pp.278-283, 2021 (Released:2021-06-22)
参考文献数
20

プラスミノゲン・フィブリン結合を促進する化合物の探索において,我々がクロカビから単離した小分子SMTPは,生理的血栓溶解を促進するとともに抗炎症作用,抗酸化作用を併せ持ち,血栓性および塞栓性脳梗塞モデルで再灌流促進,浮腫抑制,出血転換抑制活性を示す.SMTP同族体の一つは脳梗塞治療薬として開発中である(第2相試験の症例組入れを2020年11月に完了).本稿ではSMTPの発見,作用機序,薬理活性,医薬開発について紹介する.
著者
吉本 貴博 長谷川 晃
出版者
日本感情心理学会
雑誌
感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.92-100, 2017-02-28 (Released:2017-04-06)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
2

Two studies examined relationships between general trust and improved mental health. Japanese university students participated in Studies 1 (n=325) and 2 (n=402) and they completed self-report measures assessing general trust, committed relationships, tendencies to make acquaintances, which is considered an aspect of extraversion, and negative affect. Consistent with the emancipation theory of trust, both studies indicated that general trust was negatively associated with committed relationships and positively associated with tendencies to make acquaintances. General trust was negatively associated with negative affect and neuroticism, and positively associated with proneness for experiencing positive emotions, which suggested an association between general trust and improved mental health. Study 2 indicated that tendencies to make acquaintances mediated the association between increased general trust and decreased negative affect. These findings suggest that general trust enables people to broaden their interpersonal relationships in daily life, and that the increase in available social support improve mental health. It is suggested that the emancipation theory of trust could be the basis for developing a model that explains mental health.
著者
前田 一馬
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
日本地理学会発表要旨集 2018年度日本地理学会春季学術大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.000322, 2018 (Released:2018-06-27)

Ⅰ.研究の背景と目的 本研究は長野県北佐久郡軽井沢を事例として、明治期における陸軍の脚気転地療養地として当該地が利用されたその実態と経緯を明らかにする試みである。 一般的に転地療養地と見なされてきた場所は、古来温泉地であったが、近代化とともに新たな環境が転地療養に適した場所として見いだされてきた。典型的には、明治期に海水浴場が、大正期に結核サナトリウム治療の適地としての高原が、西洋医学的な環境観の導入とともに、新たな療養地になったものと理解されてきた。 しかし、陸軍脚気療養地の実態を検討すると、早くも明治10年代には「高原」(高地)が陸軍の脚気転地療養地として見出されていた。日本の医学が漢方医学から西洋医学へと転換していくなかでも、脚気の治療法は、日本で知られていた漢方の療法である転地療養が行われていた。また、その後の陸軍(細菌説)と海軍(栄養欠乏説)の対立(脚気論争)は有名である(山下1988)が、細菌説の導入に先んじて、脚気転地療養が陸軍に導入されている。このように陸軍脚気療養地として、「高原」が加えられた経緯は、どのようなものであっただろうか。 本研究では陸軍の脚気治療を取り巻く軍医本部の動向・見解および軽井沢の環境を、陸軍関連文書や新聞記事等から検討することで、医学的見解や環境認識が、「高原」を療養地にふさわしいとする契機となったことを考察する。Ⅱ.陸軍の脚気転地療養地 脚気とはビタミンB1の欠乏による栄養障害性の神経疾患である。近世後期には白米の普及と米食偏重により「江戸煩い」等の名をもって都市的な地域で流行した。脚気の流行は明治期には国民病と言われるほど流行し、徴兵制のもとで組織化が進められていた軍隊、とりわけ兵数の規模が大きい陸軍で患者数は増大した。1875(明治8)年から刊行された『陸軍省年報』によると、脚気は、「天行病及土質病」として捉えられており、陸軍各鎮台の治療実施とその経過の報告は他疾病に比べて詳細である。原因は降雨後の溢水による湿気などによって生じる不衛生な空気や土壌が病根を醸成する一種の風土病と推察されており、空気の流れや汚水の滞留を防止する対策が取られている。治療法は「転地療法奇験ヲ奏スル」と転地療養が効果をあげていることがうかがわれる。1870年代の各鎮台の主な転地療養地は多くの場合、温泉地が選択されている。つまり、患者が発生した場所(兵営)を避けることが重視されており、古来療養の場とみなされた温泉地が転地先として選ばれたと考えられる。Ⅲ.転地療養地の拡大:軽井沢にみる療養に相応しい場所 1880年代以降、陸軍の脚気転地療養地には多気山、榛名山、軽井沢といった温泉地ではない「高原」(高地)が加えられていくことになる。1881年8月、「幽僻且清涼ニシテ最モ適当」な転地先として高崎兵営の脚気患者130名が軽井沢に送られた(『陸軍省日誌』『高崎陸軍病院歴史』)。当時の軽井沢には、まだ外国人避暑地は形成されておらず、温泉を持たない衰退した旧宿場町であったが、残存する旅館が患者を受け入れることができた。後年、日清・日露戦争と多くの脚気患者の転地療養地として利用されていく軽井沢で行われていた治療法は『東京陸軍予備病院衛生業務報告(後)』によると、気候療養と記録されている。このように、高原の気候が陸軍において注目されていたことがわかる。 現代医学からみると脚気の転地療養は対処療法に過ぎず、治療法として正しくなかったかもしれない。しかし、当時の医学的知識が活用され、健康を取り戻すための療養に相応しいとされる「環境」は確かに存在した。この陸軍脚気療養地としての軽井沢は、後年の結核の療養と結びつけられた高原保養地としての軽井沢とは、異なる分脈から見出された療養(癒し)の景観であったと思われる。こうした場所が発見されていく過程に見え隠れする、当時の健康と場所の関係を、転地療養地の実態や近代期の社会的文脈性のなかで考察し、今後検討すべき課題とする。〔参考文献〕山下政三1988. 明治期における脚気の歴史. 東京大学出版会.
著者
小西 恵美子 和泉 成子
出版者
日本生命倫理学会
雑誌
生命倫理 (ISSN:13434063)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.1, pp.46-51, 2006-09-25 (Released:2017-04-27)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
5

原則の倫理と徳の倫理は、生命倫理および看護倫理の最も主要なアプローチである。原則の倫理の焦点は行為にあり、徳の倫理は行為する人の特質やふるまいを吟味する。本研究の主題は徳の倫理であり、看護の実践・教育でめざす倫理的理想像、「よい看護師」を韓国、中国、台湾との共同研究として探求している。その一環として、日本の患者がとらえる「よい看護師」の特質を探索した。結果を報告し、あわせて、「よい看護師」探求の意義を述べる。Van Kaamの現象学的手法を用い、病名を知らされている26名のがん患者に半構成的インタビューを行った。結果、対象者らは、「よい看護師」とは、人としての関わりができ、かつ、専門職としての特質を備えた看護師であるとした。また、患者らは、看護師との人と人との関係性に価値をおいていた。「よい看護師」の探求は、東洋における徳の倫理の学問的発展に寄与する。また、ケアを受ける人にとっての「よい」ということの意味を明らかにすることも、「よい看護師」探求の意義である。
著者
中野 貞一郎
出版者
日本学士院
雑誌
日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.3, pp.181-196, 2009 (Released:2017-04-05)
著者
斎藤 真己
出版者
日本森林学会
雑誌
日本森林学会誌 (ISSN:13498509)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.96, no.6, pp.348-350, 2014-12-01 (Released:2015-04-02)
参考文献数
12

スギ花粉症対策の一環として,メタセコイア雄花の発育限界温度と有効積算温度を明らかにした。メタセコイアの雄花の発育限界温度はほぼ0°C となりスギと同様の値になったが,開花に要する有効積算温度は,計算上175.4°C・日となり,スギ(184~240°C・日)よりも低い値になった。次に,10°C に設定した人工気象器を用いてメタセコイアとタテヤマスギ,ボカスギで開花試験を行った結果,メタセコイアが最も早く開花した。これらの結果から,メタセコイアの花粉はスギよりも早く飛散が始まっており,その花粉はスギと共通抗原性があることから,居住区の近隣にメタセコイアがある場合,スギ花粉症患者はスギ花粉の飛散予測よりも早く花粉症を発症する可能性があると考えられた。
著者
都城 秋穂
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.99, no.3, pp.217-229, 1990-06-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 1

The chemical compositions of solid-solution minerals in metamorphic rocks are controlled by equilibria not only of exchange reactions but also of net-transfer reactions among coexisting minerals. In rocks with a variance of 2, the compositions of solid-solution minerals are functions of temperature and pressure alone as is illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, and so can be used as a measure of the P-T condition under which the rocks were recrystallized. In rocks with a variance of 3 or greater, on the other hand, the compositions of solid-solution minerals vary not only with temperature and pressure but also with the bulk-rock composition (Fig. 4). The growth of zoned crystals causes fractional crystallization, resulting in a change of composition of the reacting system. If the variance of the system is 3 or greater, the change of the composition of the reacting system causes a change in the composition of the crystallizing mineral.Pelitic metamorphic rocks are commonly simplified as belonging to the 6-component system : Al2O3-FeO-MgO-K2O-SiO2-H2O. In this case the mineral assemblages may be shown on the THOMPSON AFM diagram. Any 3-AFM phase assemblage in the diagram has a variance of 2, whereas any 2-AFM phase assemblage has a variance of 3.In the paragenetic relations of garnet, MnO commonly plays an essential role, and so garnet-bearing metapelites are commonly treated as belonging to the 7-component system : Al2O3-FeO-MgO-MnO-K2O-SiO2-H2O. Most metapelites with MnO-rich garnet have a variance of 3 or greater. Garnets in low- and middle-grade metamorphic rocks are usually strongly zoned. Hence, the composition (or the MnO content) of garnet is strongly influenced by the initial bulk-rock composition and fractional crystallization. SPEAR (1988) has calculated the progressive compositional change of garnet that grows not only under complete equilibrium condition but also with fractional crystallization for garnet-bearing 3-AFM phase assemblages that are observed in the Barrovian sequence.In the Sanbagawa high P/T ratio metamorphic belt, progressive metamorphism is represented by a sequence of the chlorite zone, garnet zone (with no biotite), and biotite zone (with garnet) for metapelites. In other words, garnet begins to occur at a considerably lower temperature than biotite. In the garnet zone, garnet probably forms by reaction involving Tschermak exchange component like (4), whereas in the biotite zone, garnet forms by the same reactions as in the garnet zone of the Barrovian sequence. Such a change in the garnet-producing reactions between the two zones may cause a break in the MnO and FeO curves in the composition profile of zoned garnets. Some of the observed features of the compositional trends of garnets could be ascribed to the effect of a variation in bulk-rock composition.The average composition of zoned garnets in metapelite shows a progressive decrease of the MnO content with increasing metamorphic grade. This is probably related mainly to a progressive increase of the amount of garnet. Higher pressure tends to increase the amount of garnet, and to decrease its MnO content.