著者
川島 高峰
出版者
明治大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-01

敗戦後、東アジア社会主義圏に抑留・残留を余儀なくされた邦人の帰還交渉が行われた。国際共産主義運動は抑留を政治的に利用し、抑留者の帰還をアクティブの入国手段とした「偽装抑留」や、引揚船を日ソ間の工作活動に利用するため船員等を組織化するといった非合法的な活動を展開した。1950年代の平和攻勢の下では、帰還交渉が社会主義陣営に有利に展開するよう様々な合法・非合法の活動を展開し、そこでは戦前のコミンテルン期の国際共産主義の活動家がシベリア抑留に際し、抑留者として民主化運動指導者層にいたことが認められた。
著者
伊藤 珠理
出版者
学習院大学哲学会
雑誌
哲学会誌 (ISSN:03886247)
巻号頁・発行日
no.38, pp.55-75, 2014-05
著者
村上 謙 佐藤 浩司 横谷 哲也 安士 哲次郎
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.105, no.279, pp.73-77, 2005-09-15

IEEE802.1のLink Security Task Groupにて, レイヤ2レベルのセキュリティに関する標準化が進められている.具体的には, 802.1AEにてMAC(Media Access Control)サービスを適用するLAN/MAN(Local Area/Metropolitan Area Network)でのセキュア通信機能を, 802.1afにてMACセキュリティのためのコネクティビティアソシエーション確立方法を議論している。802.1AEはDraft3.5によるワーキンググループレベルの投票が7月に行われ、11月までに次のステップ(スポンサー投票)に進む予定である。また来年5月の標準制定を目標としている。一方, 802.1afはDraft0.2が7月に発行されたが, 課題も多く, 依然としてタスクグループ投票前の議論が続けられている。こちらは来年12月の標準制定を目標としている。本報告では, 各ワーキンググループでの審議状況をまとめるとともに, 特に802.1afにおける今後の課題を示す.
著者
寺崎 弘昭
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, pp.19-40, 1996-12-20

In this paper, the writer has attempted to reconsider a manslaughter case against a schoolmaster (Regina v.Hopley, 1860) by examining contemporary newspapers and educational journals. Through this research, he intends to clarify not only the incident itself but also public reactions and opinions for/against school corporal punishment. Regina v.Hopley had been regarded as an archtype of legal cases of school corporal punishment in commentaries on the laws of England, until school corporal punishment was abolished in 1987. But, curiously enough, the incident itself and contemporary reactions have never been brought to light even by D. P. Leinster-Mackay ( "Regina v Hopley : Some Historical Reflections on Corporal Punishment" Journal of Education Administration and History, vol. 9 , no.1 , 1977). Because of such absence of full investigative research, we often tended to consider Regina v. Hopley to have been only a trivial and minor matter for contemporary people. However, as the writer has provided a detailed picture on account of his investigation of local newspapers, the Hopley's incident was most sensational and caused a furor in England. Local newspapers enthusiastically reported the case in detail, and furthermore, submitted a profile of Hopley's career and their analyses of "The Eastbourne Tragedy". Now, we can list up The newspaper items the writer has referred to is as follows: 1 . The Lewes Times, Eastbourne Chronicle and Hailsham Observer. May 9 p. 1 & p.4 "Brutal Case of Manslaughter, by Beating" p.2 "A Schoolmaster Committed Manslaughter" May 16 p.1 "The Inquest on Mr. Hopley's Case. Mr. Hopley at the Inquest and before the Magistrates." May 23 p.1 "Mr.Thomas Hopley on the Wrongs which cry for Redress. Theory v. Practice" July 25 p.4 "Manslaughter Case, The Queen v. Hopley " 2 .The Sussex Advertiser, Surrey Gazette, and West Kent Courier. May 1 p.5 "Coroner's Inquest" May 8 p.4 "The Terrible Catastrophe at Eastbourne" p.7 "Committal of a Schoolmaster for Manslaughter, at Eastbourne" July 24 pp.3-5 "Trial of Mr. Hopley for Manslaughter" July 24 (Special Assize Edition) pp.2-3 "Trial of Mr.Hopley for Manslaughter" 3 . The Sussex Express, Surrey Standard, Herald of Kent Mail, and County Advertiser. April 28 pp.4-5 Article without captions begins: 'An inquest---'May 5 p.5 Article without captions begins: 'The greatest excitement---'May 5 p.6 "Alleged Death of a Pupil from Excessive Punishment at Eastbourne." July 24 pp.2-3 "The Eastbourne Tragedy. Trial of Thomas Hopley" July 28 p.6 "The Eastbourne Tragedy Concluded" 4 . The Brighton Observer, Fashionable Arrival List, and County Intelligencer. May 4 p.3 "A Brutal Affair" May 11 p.2 "The Eastbourne Tragedy" July 27 p.2 "The Eastbourne Tragedy" p.3 "Sussex Summer Assizes" 5 . Brighton Examiner, Fashionable Directory, Sussex County Journal, & Genaral Advertiser. May 8 p.3 "Charge of Manslaughter against a Schoolmaster" July 24 p.3 "The Eastbourne Manslaughter Case " July 31 p.2 "Corporal Punishment Furthermore, most of English and Scotch principal newspapers also reported the trial of Hopley (July 23, 1860) and made comments on the incident ; The Times, The Illustrated London News, Saturday Review, The Bristol Mercury, The Manchester Guardian, The Caledonian Mercury (Edingburgh), and so on. It is certain, as English legal textbooks state, that Regina v. Hopley permitted a "moderate and reasonable" corporal punishment. .But on the other hand, it is more certain that the "brutal affair" stimulated and gave an outlet to popular feelings averse to corporal punishment. For example, The Sussex Advertiser pointed out how "miserable desire" to establish an educational system "converted correction into cruel and brutally aggravated punishment", and The Brighton Observer demanded "the abolition of all corporal punishment in the schools of England" in order to prevent a recurrence of such tragedies.
著者
寺崎 弘昭
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, pp.15-42, 1998-03-26

In this paper, the writer has attempted to reconsider a manslaughter case against a schoolmaster (Regina v. Hopley, 1860) by examining contemporary newspapers and educational journals. Through this research, he intends to clarify not only the incident itself but also public reactions and opinions for/against school corporal punishment. Regina v. Hopley had been regarded as an archetype of legal cases of school corporal punishment in commentaries on the laws of England, until the school corporal punishment was abolished in 1987. But, curiously enough, the incident itself and contemporary reactions have never been brought to light. Because of such absence of full investigative research, we often tended to consider Regina v. Hopley to have been only a trivial and minor matter for contemporary people. However, as the writer has provided a detailed picture on account of his investigation of local newspapers (The Sussex Advertiser, The Lews Times, The Sussex Express, and so on), the Hopley's incident was most sensational and caused the greatest excitement in England. Local newspapers enthusiastically reported the case in detail, and furthermore, submitted a profile of Hopley's career and their analyses of "The Eastbourne Tragedy" (The Brighton Observer, 11 May 1860). Furthermore, most of English and Scotch principal newspapers also reported the trial of Hopley (July 23,1860) and made comments on the incident; The Times, The Illustrated London News, Saturday Review, The Bristol Mercury, The Manchester Guardian, The Caledonian Mercury (Edingburgh), and so on. It is certain, as English legal textbooks told us, that Regina v. Hopley permitted a "moderate and reasonable" corporal punishment. But on the other hand, it is more certain that the "brutal affair" stimulated popular feelings averse to corporal punishment. For example, The Sussex Advertiser pointed out how Hopley's "miserable desire" to establish his educational system "converted correction into cruel and brutally aggravated punishment", and The Brighton Observer (May 11) demanded "the abolition of all corporal punishment in the schools of England" in order to prevent a recurrence of such tragedies. And, above all, not only Justice Cockburn and the prosecutor Parry but also the pleader Ballantine hoped for a school without corporal punishment in the court. On the other hand, it was only four of twelve educational periodicals published in 1860 that made comments on the Hopley case. Most of them, except Papers for the Schoolmaster, were averse to the "public opinion" expressed vigorously in the newspapers; especially their proposal of "the total abolition of corporal punishment" (The Brighton Examiner, 31 July 1860). But they were obliged to keep silence and left behind "public opinion". In order to relieve the educational discourses from such peril and establish a professional leadership in the debate on school corporal punishment, Joseph Payne attempted to formulate a new pedagogical paradigm of school corporal punishment from a point of view of "Science and Art of Education" in his lecture (The Educational Times, March 1861). He was "the first professor of education in Britain" (Richard Aldrich). He himself, however, did not argue against the use of physical punishment as a means of maintaining discipline. He denied only habitual use of corporal punishment. Rather, he asserted that "a vigilant administration", which corresponds to the "pouvoir pastoral" (Michel Foucault), was necessary for the discipline and it would become a basis for the effectiveness of corporal punishment. In Payne's lecture, Hopley's act was criticized merely for its "cool, conscientious barbarity". However, Hopley vindicated his act as a deliberate and educational one based upon John Locke's view of corporal punishment which Payne also referred to as one of his forerunners. Locke even approved corporal punishment against children's "Stubbornness" in his famous book Some Thoughts concerning Education (§ 78).
著者
寺崎 弘昭
出版者
東京大学
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, pp.1-15, 2001-03-15

In this paper, the writer has attempted to clarify the pedagogical stereotype that has hindered many historians of education from pointing out that corporal punishment was never abolished in the early modern history of educational thoughts. In fact, according to the writer's perusal of the texts, the early modern educationists permitted a rod or beating as a last resort of correction, while they denounced corporal punishment. For example, John Locke did admire the use of the "Whipping" for children's "Obstinacy" and "Stubbornness" in his famous book Some Thoughts concerning Education (1693,see §78), though he denounced corporal punishment as a "slavish" one in the same book (§52). Locke admitted the corporal punishment as a means of discipline, for it was not outside (corporal) punishment. The same fact can be pointed out in the educational thoughts of Quintilian, Augustine, Erasmus, Joseph Lancaster, Pestalozzi, Horace Mann, and so forth. Lancaster, while he condemned the corporal punishment, recommended the punishment of pillory, fetters, and "the birds in the cage". Similarly, Mann maintained the corporal punishment as a lesser evil that cured the grave evil. In spite of such undeniable facts, many historians of education have ignored the facts. Why? The writer maintains that the eyes of historians of education have been blurred by the pedagogical stereotype that emerged to obtain a professional authority of the educational science in the nineteenth century. For example, Joseph Payne, as "the first professor of education in England", established such a pedagogical stereotype in his lecture "On Corporal Punishment as a means of discipline in Schools" (The Educational Times, March 1861). He pretended to demonstrate that corporal punishment was denied as a means of discipline as well as a means of promoting learning in the history of orthodox educational thoughts including John Locke's.
著者
荻野 蔵平 Bauer Tobias
出版者
熊本大学
雑誌
文学部論叢 (ISSN:03887073)
巻号頁・発行日
no.98, pp.167-182, 2008-03

Bei diesem Beitrag handelt es sich um eine japanisch Teilubersetzung des "Gart der Gesundheit" (Erstdruck 1485), der als eines der wichtigsten spatmittelalterlichen Werke der Krauterbuchliteratur gilt. Hier beschrankt sich die Ubersetzung auf den ersten Teil, die "Vorrede" sowie das erste bzw. das 426. Kapitel des zweiten Teils, namlich "Beifuss" und "Fuchs".
著者
本郷 一美 GUNDEM CanYumni GUNDEM Can Yumni
出版者
総合研究大学院大学
雑誌
特別研究員奨励費
巻号頁・発行日
2010

本研究は、日本国内におけるプロジェクトとトルコにおけるプロジェクトの2つの部分からなる。日本国内のプロジェクトでは、日本の古代-中世の遺跡から出土したウマのサイズと形態に関するデータを収集し、日本への家畜馬の導入経緯や日本固有の品種の成立過程について明らかにすることを目的とした。関東地方と長野県の古代~近世の遺跡および関西地方(奈良、大阪)の古代~中世の遺跡出土のウマの歯および四肢骨の計測データを収集した。日本の家畜馬の体格の時代的な変遷を考察するための資料が蓄積されるとともに、ウマの生産地である長野県佐久地方出土のウマの形態やサイズと、古代、鎌倉時代、江戸時代にそれぞれ政治や経済の中心でウマが供給され仕様された地域との比較が可能になりつつある。また、多数のウマが出土している長野県、神奈川県、茨城県の4遺跡から出土したウマ遺体の歯にみられる異常な摩耗や、後頭部、脊椎骨、中手骨、中足骨にみられる骨増殖などの病変の有無を観察し記録し、ウマの用途について考察した。トルコの遺跡出土動物骨の資料収集プロジェクトに関しては、総研大に保管されているトルコ南東部の新石器時代遺跡から出土した動物骨の分析を行うとともに、トルコの中央部、南東部の遺跡出土動物骨の資料を収集する目的で海外調査をおこなった。特にトルコ中央部のテペジク遺跡では、野生のウマが出土しており、ユーラシア大陸に生息した野生馬の重要な資料を得ることができた。
著者
宮崎 幸生 山田 松治 板倉 稔
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.140-148, 1991-02-15
被引用文献数
1

本論文では 事務処理分野のソフトウェアを対象に 設計作業の進展と共に段階的に正確さを増すと考えられる3種類のソフトウェア規模見積りモデルの概念と 回帰式を用いてこのモデルの係数値を決定する方法を提案する次に この3種類のうち2種類のモデルについて提案する方法により係数値を決定し 回帰式に使用したデータで評価する限りは 一般的方法より正確度の高いモデルが作成できることを示すまた 同時にモデルが段階的に正確さを増すことも示す段階的規模見積りモデルの入力は 画面数 幌票数 ファイル数であるファイル数の数え方の詳細度により 概算 中間 詳細の3種類のモデルがある規模見積りは開発の初期にわかる少数の入力変数により見積もることが理想である主にこの理由により 画面や帳票の項目数はモデルに用いていないこの点とファイル数の数え方を明確にし その詳細度により3種類の段階的なモデルがある点が 既存のファンクションポイント法^6)などと大きく異なる点である規模や工数の見積りモデルの正確度を評価する際には これらの実績値がシステムにより大きく変わるため 相対誤差が一般に使われる一方 モデルの係数値を回帰式により決定する際には 絶対誤差の二乗和を最小にする通常の最小二乗法が用いられるこのため モデルの正確度が向上しないという問題がある本稿で提案する係数値の決定方法は この問題を解決するため 相対誤差の二乗和を最小にする方法を使う
著者
市橋 修 山本 希 廣岡 佳弥子
出版者
Japan Society on Water Environment
雑誌
水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.19-26, 2012
被引用文献数
10

養豚廃水と酪農廃水の二種類の畜産廃水を用いて,エアカソード一槽型微生物燃料電池を運転した。それぞれのリアクターの最大電力密度は,養豚廃水を用いたリアクターでは831 mW・m<SUP>-2</SUP>,酪農廃水を用いたリアクターでは59 mW・m<SUP>-2</SUP>であった。また,両リアクターのアノードにおける微生物群集構造は大きく異なり,養豚廃水および酪農廃水リアクターからそれぞれ,Acidobacteria門,Proteobacteria門に近縁な細菌が見つかった。また,アノードで主に検出された細菌は流入廃水やカソードからのものとは異なっていた。 養豚廃水を用いた系では,カソードへの塩の析出が多く観察され,析出物にはリン,マグネシウム,カルシウムが高濃度に含まれていた。