著者
中村 和夫
出版者
日本鱗翅学会
雑誌
やどりが (ISSN:0513417X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2017, no.253, pp.38-41, 2017-06-30 (Released:2018-01-01)
参考文献数
13
著者
中井 実 斎藤 省三 岡林 邦夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本鋳造工学会
雑誌
鋳物 (ISSN:00214396)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.11, pp.765-772, 1960-11-25 (Released:2012-10-30)
参考文献数
8

Not a small amount is spent on the brake shoes in the expenditures of railway maintenance. And great efforts have been made to cut down this expense.   As a result of adapting High Phosphorus Cast Iron Brake Shoes, Kinki Nippon Railway Company has succeeded in cutting down much of the cost, by prolonging its life more than 45% in the year 1959 as compared with that of 1951. This reprot shows the following two points which prove the superiority of High Phosphorus Brake Shoes.   These results were obtained both by actual car tests and by laboratorial test. 1. It is possible to say that High Phosporus Cast Iron Brake Shoes of Kinki Nippon Railway Co. specification of about H.B.250 wear almost 20% less than most widely used Low Phosphorus Brake Shoes of about H.B.220. 2. When the effect on the wear of tire wheels is considered, it is also possible to say that when Low Phosphorus Cast Iron Brake Shoes are used, the degree of wear runs parallel with the hardness of the material. But when High Phosphorus Cast Iron Brake Shoes are used no tendency as mentioned above can be found, and it is also made clear that the use of High Phosphorus Cast Iron Brake Shoes is good for both wheels and Brake Shoes.
著者
鮫島 由佳 椿 宜高
出版者
日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会大会講演要旨集 第52回日本生態学会大会 大阪大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.582, 2005 (Released:2005-03-17)

全ての生物は周囲の環境温度との関係によって、自らの体内で熱を発生させ一定の体温を維持する内温生物(鳥類・哺乳類)と、体温調節をほぼ外部の熱源に頼っている外温生物(その他の生物)に分類することができる。しかしこれには数多くの例外があり、外温生物とされる昆虫類の中にも活発に活動して内温的に体温を上げるものがいることが報告されている。トンボの体温調節に関してはMay(1976~)らによって多くの知見が得られており、それによると周囲の気温に対するトンボの主な体温調節法は気温順応、太陽熱性、内温性に大別することができる。体温調節法の選択は生息地の温度環境や生理的条件、基本的な活動パターンによって異なり、各種のトンボはそれぞれの環境に適応した戦略を持っていると考えられる。トンボは異なる体サイズを持つ複数種が同地域に生息している場合がほとんどであるから、体サイズによって異なる体温調節メカニズムを持っていることが考えられる。そしてそれは、内温性と外温性の飛翔戦略などの行動的調節や生理的調節に大きな影響を及ぼしていると考えられる。この点に注目して、トンボの体サイズと体温調節法との関連性について実験を行った。野外で採集した数種のトンボについて、サーモビジョンを用いて気温への順応速度および冷却速度を測定した。その結果、体サイズの大きいものほど周囲との熱交換率が低く、外部の熱源を利用しにくいことが分かった。そのような大型の不均翅亜目3種(オニヤンマ、オオルリボシヤンマ、ギンヤンマ)は、気温順応とは別に翅を震わせる行動(ウォームアップ)によって体温を上昇させた。また、この3種のうち生息分布域の南限が一番北にあるオオルリボシヤンマは、他の2種よりも低い温度からウォームアップを始めた。このことから、内温性の体温調節を開始する外気温は地理的な気候条件への適応を反映していると考えられる。
著者
山口 雄仁 鈴木 昌和
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. WIT, 福祉情報工学 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.112, no.65, pp.23-27, 2012-05-18

デジタル教科書の本格導入が近い将来予定されている中で,理数系デジタルコンテンツのアクセシビリティは積み残された大きな問題である。ここでは,近年アクセシブルな電子書籍の形式として世界的に広く普及しつつあるDAISY(Digital Accessible Information System)を取り上げ,テキストDAISY形式による日本語理数系教科書製作の問題点を議論する。テキストDAISYの日本語音声合成による読み上げでは,専門用語の読み間違い,息継ぎや抑揚のおかしな箇所などがしばしば見られる。さらに日本語固有ではない問題として,数式の読み間違いも発生する。しかし現行のDAISYにはそれらを適切に修正・制御する方法がないため,DAISY形式のデジタル教科書を製作する上で問題が大きい。さらに障害者自身がDAISYコンテンツを製作できないという問題もある。我々はDAISY形式の改良を提案するとともに,全盲者用の数学文書エディタを元に新たにテキストDAISY編集・閲覧ソフトウェアを開発した。これを用いれば,晴眼者・障害者両方が,非技術的内容から理数系文書までの,読み間違いのないDAISY書籍を製作できる。
著者
吉田 茂
出版者
琉球大学
雑誌
琉球大学農学部学術報告 (ISSN:03704246)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, pp.1-123, 1983-11-19

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the economic structure of local, regional and national hog markets in the self-sufficient region. In Okinawa, the local and regional hog markets play a very important role compared with the national hog market. Therefore, in this study the market economic conditions for the local and regional hog markets in Okinawa were made clear. The hog marketing in Okinawa was chosen as the subject of the study of the following reasons : Hog production is one of the most important income sources for the agriculture in Okinawa and also pork is the most popular and has the most important position among meat. While the hog market in other areas is characterized by the national market, that in Okinawa depends mainly on the local and regional markets traditionally. The outline of the discussion of this study is as follows : 1. Consumption structure The quantity of pork consumption per person a year in Okinawa is larger than that of national average. For example, the quantity of pork consumption per person a year in Okinawa in 1979 was 7.9 kilograms which exceeded about 50% that of national average. And the percentage of the quantity of pork consumption in the whole meat of national average is 47% while that in Okinawa is 57%. 2. Production structure The percentage of hog farmers in the whole farmers in Okinawa is larger than that of national average, however hog numbers on a farm in Okinawa are smaller than those of national average. There exist still many small sized hog farmers in Okinawa. A small number of hogs is produced by agricultural holdings other than farm households in Okinawa in comparison with that of national average. The hog production cost in Okinawa is higher than that outside of the prefecture. Higher feed prices and laber costs in Okinawa than in other areas bring about this situation. In Okinawa, small sized hogs are produced and sold locally, on the contrary, in other areas, consumers prefer large sized hogs to small sized hogs. Therefore, it is difficult to sell hogs produced in Okinawa to other areas. 3. Market structure One of the characteristics of the hog and pork marketing in Okinawa is that a slaughterer performs most of the hog and pork marketing functions between the producer and the consumer. Areas where a slaughterer buys hogs and sells pork are usually fixed in the local and regional markets. Therefore, there are no marketing routes formed for the national market. Hog market in Okinawa (regional market) is composed of three local market areas individually. They are Okinawa Island market area, Miyako Island market area, and Ishigaki Island market area. Hogs produced in one local market area are usually consumed within that area. In the case of shortage or surplus of hogs in one area, that area enters into business with other area to keep the balance of supply and demand for hogs. When the hog supply and demand in the regional market is out of balance, the regional market will be spread out into the national market for the adjustment of the unbalance of supply and demand. 4. Price Hog prices on farms in Okinawa are higher than those of national average, but the difference is not big enough to import hogs to Okinawa from other areas. 5. Adjustment policy of supply and demand Several export subsidy systems have been putting into operation to keep the balance of supply and demand for hogs in case of an oversupply of hogs in Okinawa. For example, there was "The hog price stability act" before the reversion to Japan and there are many assistant programs for hog by "Okinawa Prefecture Livestock Corporation" after the reversion to Japan.
著者
大井 知範
出版者
公益財団法人史学会
雑誌
史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.124, no.2, pp.177-209, 2015-02-20

This paper attempts to elicit the reality of the Hapsburg Empire's global seafaring prowess despite its reputation as a mainly continental power, in light of historical findings that an Imperial warship had been stationed in the seas of East Asia approximately 100 years ago. Research regarding Western navies stationed overseas has in the past focused largely on their use as a means of military competition or imperialistic ambitions toward the non-Western world. However, here the author points to another purpose with which warships were deployed overseas; namely, to serve as media for promoting international relations within the daily routine of peacetime conditions. After outlining the deployment system of warships outside of the region of Europe, and the reasons, circumstances and substance of the Hapsburg Empire's stationing of a warship in East Asian waters, the author turns to the specific duties of the ship, in particular, how it performed the very important duty of any Western navy in protecting its country's citizen and commercial interests in the region. However, since the Hapsburg Empire had no overseas interests or citizens to protect in East Asia, it was impossible for the Austro-Hungarians to set up a system of direct protection like that of the other major powers, due mainly to its unique position in having only a single warship to accommodate such needs. The author then addresses the subject of goodwill exchange, which he considers to be the most important daily routine of the Hapsburg warship, and looks there for the ultimate reason for stationing it in East Asian waters. Finally, he focuses on the military band on board the ship, in order to clarify the fact that the Hapsburg Empire was concerned in identifying with maritime coastal society in East Asia through the medium of music. The Hapsburg Empire thus intended to adapt to the imperial order as a major power in East Asia by carefully cultivating various daily peacetime routines.
著者
須藤市左衛門 編
出版者
常陽学会舎
巻号頁・発行日
1907
著者
藤原 陽三 絵内 正道 鈴木 憲三 羽山 広文
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.628, pp.767-774, 2008-06-30 (Released:2009-09-30)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
4 2

In order to search trends in further energy saving in highly insulated and airtight houses in Hokkaido, Japan, an actual-condition investigation on a central-heating system fitted in five such houses, each with different methods of construction, was performed. The results were obtained as follows.:1)The equivalent leakage area value of a steel frame construction was 3.2cm2/m2 that was less than a two-by-four construction(0.33cm2/m2) and a conventional wood construction(1.1-1.7cm2/m2) .It is important to be improved air-tightness of steel frame construction houses by various construction methods. 2) Heat loss coefficient estimated from these experimental results was 0.94 -1.59W/(m2•K). To reduce energy consumption for heating,it will become more important to improve thermal-insulation properties and air tightness.3) The heating-system efficiency obtained from these experimental results was in the range of 72 to 93%. Although the ratio of actual boiler capacity to demanded heat-source capacity extrapolated from actual measurements ranges from two to three times,the effect on system efficiency was less than 10%.However it is necessary to include this 10% in the task of planning a heating system.
著者
長曽我部 まどか 谷本 圭志 森本 智喜
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.3, pp.792-798, 2018-10-25 (Released:2018-10-25)
参考文献数
20

本論文では,2016年の鳥取県中部地震を事例として,被災者が災害ボランティアセンター(災害VC)に依頼したニーズを分析し,ニーズが発生する要因と発生するタイミングを明らかにした.被災者のニーズを専門的な作業が必要なニーズと一般のボランティアが対応できるニーズに分類し地区別に集計した上で,それぞれの発生要因について,地区の被害状況,災害VCまでの距離,高齢化率,自主防災組織の活動率を取り上げ,ポアソン障壁モデルを用いて推計を行った.その結果,依頼の有無については,専門ニーズは被害状況や距離が影響を及ぼす可能性が,一般ニーズは被害状況,距離,高齢化率,自主防災組織の活動率が影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆された.依頼のタイミングについては,距離を除く全ての変数が影響を及ぼす可能性が示された.更に,年齢と天候状況に着目した分析を行った結果,専門ニーズは高齢であるほど依頼するタイミングが早く,一般ニーズは,高齢であるほど遅いことが明らかになった.また天候が悪いと依頼をするタイミングが早まることが分かった.
著者
岡村 多か子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本調理科学会
雑誌
調理科学 (ISSN:09105360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.2, pp.94-104, 1975-06-20 (Released:2013-04-26)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1
著者
川端 晶子
出版者
調理科学研究会
雑誌
調理科学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.1, 1982
被引用文献数
1