著者

巴爾鐡爾密 著

出版者

内外兵事新聞局

巻号頁・発行日

vol.卷之2, 1878

著者

Kelcy Shepherd Bradley D. Westbrook Lee Mandell 他 村井 しのぶ[訳者]

出版者

大学図書館研究編集委員会

雑誌

大学図書館研究 (ISSN:03860507)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.35-40, 2006-08

被引用文献数

1

著者

今野 真二 コンノ シンジ Shinji KONNO

出版者

清泉女子大学

雑誌

清泉女子大学紀要 (ISSN:05824435)

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, pp.17-29, 2012-12

著者

山口 仲美

出版者

明治大学国際日本学部

雑誌

明治大学国際日本学研究 (ISSN:18834906)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.(1)-(20), 2012-03-31

著者

[著者名なし]

出版者

東京大学生産技術研究所

雑誌

生産研究 (ISSN:0037105X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.3, 1959-03-01

著者

英国大使館 編

出版者

英国大使館

巻号頁・発行日

1940

著者

高木 雅史

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

名古屋大學教育學部紀要. 教育学科 (ISSN:04657748)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.41-52, 1993-09-30

著者

高橋 一郎

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

日本教育社会学会大会発表要旨集録

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, pp.115-116, 1996-10-04

著者

白川 優治

出版者

広島大学

雑誌

大学論集 (ISSN:03020142)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.135-152, 2012-03

---

This article discusses the development of the characteristics of the national scholarship system in postwar Japan. The Japanese national scholarship system for undergraduate and graduate students has two characteristics : first, the system provides only student loans, not grants; second, repayment is wavered if recipients work in certain occupations after graduation. These characteristics existed until 1965, and this article discusses those that influenced the policy-making process from 1945 to 1965.The Japanese Scholarship Foundation (JSF), the national scholarship organization, was founded 1944. At that time, the JSF promoted the ideal of "ikuei": which meant that at first the scholarship loan system targeted a small number of poor but brilliant students. But after WWII, the ideal and the system changed to "shougaku", which meant many more students were offered scholarships. The two ideals meant there was a difference in the number of scholarships offered and in the amount of money spent on the scheme.From 1945 to 1950, a national council for students' affairs tried to have the national student scholarship system extended. In 1948, a report by the Committee for Student Welfare, proposed the introduction of the scholarship grants system, the temporary loan system, and an increase in both the number of recipients and the value of the scholarships. Some of these proposals were adopted, but did not deliver a grants system. Another proposal from the Council for Student Welfare (this council is a separate to the committee referred to above) was the exemption from the repayment if the scholarship student became a teacher at an elementary or junior high school. This repayment exemption system was introduced in 1950, but the changes did not mean a revision was made to the law. It was not until 1953 that the law relating to the Japanese scholarship foundation was revised, and the repayment exemption system defined more clearly.The Ministry of Finance (MoF) at first welcomed an increase in the number of recipients and in the value of scholarships, but subsequently it changed its position and insisted that the scholarship system be "ikuei" not "shogaku.": i.e., it was not intended for students generally.From the late 1950s to 1965, two characteristics of the national scholarship system were established, and attention is paid to four processes.First, in 1958 the law was revised and the new scholarship system was introduced. It provided special loans to outstanding students. This new system introduced the ideal of "ikuei" and was retained when the law was revised in 1984.Secondly, in early 1960 the law was revised two times to widen exemptions for repayment of the loans. These changes not only targeted students who would become elementary school and junior high school teachers but also high school and kindergarten teachers. There was some argument in the Diet about revising the law and members of the Diet demanded that it be extended to other types of teachers like nursery school teachers etc. But, the Ministry of Education (MoE) insisted that the recipients be restricted to teachers at formal regular schools, such as kindergartens, elementary schools, junior high schools, and high schools.Thirdly, during this period it was pointed out in the mass media that the repayment rate was very low and this posed a problem for the Diet. Henceforth the MoE and the JSF took measures to ensure that more loans were repaid. The basis for such an argument was that scholarships comprised a "loan" system.Fourthly, in 1961 the MoF rejected a proposal by the MoE that it introduce a new grant system for doctoral graduate students. Because of the repayment exemption this system had the same effect. The Japanese feature of the scholarship system was completed by this process.This article argues that the characteristics of the national scholarship system came about as part of an historic process. But what kind of problems arose in relation to this starship system after the 1960s? This is next problem that needs to be solved.

著者

出口 哲生

出版者

物性研究刊行会

雑誌

物性研究 (ISSN:07272997)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.5, pp.818-825, 2007-02-20

---

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。

著者

日高 勝之

出版者

立命館大学

雑誌

立命館産業社會論集 (ISSN:02882205)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.13-31, 2013-12

著者

本村儀作 著

出版者

実業之日本社

巻号頁・発行日

1938

著者

田村 隆幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.10, pp.668-670, 2010-10-01 (Released:2011-10-03)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

著者

吉田 年雄

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

情報処理学会論文誌 (ISSN:18827764)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.10, pp.2335-2342, 1995-10-15

---

正数xが大きい場合のクンマー関数ぴ(α b x)の能率的な数値計算法を提案している。本論文では、U(α b x)=x-af(1/x)で定義されるf(t)についての近似式を求めている(t=1/x).f(t)の満足する微分方程式t2f"(t)+{(2a-b+2)+1}f'(t)+a(a-b+1)f(t)=0に、γ法を適用し、適当な工夫をすることにより、f(t)に対して次の形の近似式 fm(t)=Σ m i=0 Giti /Σm i=0 Hiti を得ている。

著者

諏訪 竜夫

出版者

北海道大学大学院経済学研究科

雑誌

經濟學研究 (ISSN:04516265)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.243-255, 2014-01

---

環境経済学の多くの文献では自然環境が持つ生物多様性,独自の生態系・景観等はレクリエーションとして「利用価値」だけなく,それらを利用せずとも認める価値である「非利用価値」も有すると述べられている。一方で最近の環境評価研究では,明確なミクロ経済学的背景を持つクーン・タッカー・モデル(KT)等の顕示選好法の発展が著しい。しかし顕示選好法は弱補完性の前提から,非利用価値を評価することが困難である。それを踏まえ本研究では表明選好法であるCVMを北海道東部の知床国立公園に適用し,この住民の「知床国立公園へのレクリエーション目的での立入が禁止された状況下で,公園内の自然環境を保全する政策」に対する支払意志額を評価した。この調査結果から地域住民は知床の自然環境保全にその利用が不可能な状況下でも価値を認めていることが示された。この結果は自然公園での弱補完性の不成立と非利用価値の存在の正当化を意味している。よって今後の自然公園等に関する環境評価研究では,KT等の最新の顕示選好法にCVM等の表明選好法を援用することによって,非利用価値の評価を行うことが重要であるといえよう。

著者

平澤 紀子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本特殊教育学会

雑誌

特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.37-43, 2003

被引用文献数

5 1

著者

Masashi TAKAHASHI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Hideyuki KANEMOTO Ko NAKASHIMA Yasuhito FUJINO Koichi OHNO Yasuyuki ENDO Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0345, (Released:2014-02-10)

被引用文献数

10

---

Nimustine (ACNU) is an alkylating agent of the nitrosourea and can be an antineoplastic agent in dogs. But, there has been no report on its dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in dogs. This study was a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and DLT of ACNU in tumor-bearing dogs. The starting dosage was 25 mg/m2, and subsequent dosages were administered in increments of 5 mg/m2 in cohort of 3 dogs. Eight dogs were included and the MTD was determined to be 25 mg/m2, DLT was neutropenia and the optimal interval was considered to be 21 days. The data herein provides a basis for the subsequent phase II trial of ACNU in dogs.

著者

田中 英高

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.53-60, 2012 (Released:2012-06-01)

参考文献数

25

---

Dizziness is not an uncommon medical problem in children. When a child develops various physical symptoms in addition to dizziness, clinicians should include orthostatic dysregulation (OD) in their diagnosis. OD is composed of four different subsets, instantaneous orthostatic hypotension (INOH), postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), neurally-mediated syncope and delayed orthostatic hypotension, and the former two are dominant. INOH involves dysfunction of the high-pressure system in the neural baroreflex pathway, and the low-pressure system in the case of POTS. Children with OD show a decrease in cerebral blood flow compared with unaffected children, and this might be associated with the mechanism responsible for dizziness. Further studies are anticipated in relation to OD and vestibular function.

著者

益田 太郎冠者[作詞]

出版者

ビクター

巻号頁・発行日

1928-06

著者

博文館編輯局 編

出版者

博文館

巻号頁・発行日

1910