著者
Yuwa Takahashi Norihisa Watanabe Noriaki Kamio Ryutaro Kobayashi Toshimitsu Iinuma Kenichi Imai
出版者
Nihon University School of Dentistry
雑誌
Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.20-0388, (Released:2020-11-12)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
82

Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization. Periodontitis, one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, leads to alveolar bone destruction and subsequent tooth loss, and develops due to pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by periodontopathic bacteria. Periodontopathic bacteria are involved in respiratory diseases, including aspiration pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other systemic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Patients with these diseases have an increased COVID-19 aggravation rate and mortality. Because aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lower respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene can lead to COVID-19 aggravation. Conversely, oral care, including periodontal treatment, prevents the onset of pneumonia and influenza and the exacerbation of COPD. The reduced chance of receiving professional oral care owing to long-term hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 may increase the aggravation risk of infection in the lower respiratory tract. It can be hypothesized that periodontopathic bacteria are involved in the COVID-19 aggravation and therefore, the management of good oral hygiene potentially contributes to its prevention.
著者
三森 弘
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.753, pp.2141-2150, 2018 (Released:2018-11-30)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

The Nagoya University Daikou Campus is originated from the Daikou plant of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the former aircraft related war plant and the building which was used in those days is left at the campus now. The Daikou plant was the plant that took an important and central role in the development of fighter planes including Zero fighter plane, and these technological accumulations have been applied and developed in later aerospace industry, etc., and it has contributed to the rapid economic growth against the background of post-war technological superiority. In this report, I used literature documents related to Jiro Horikoshi (known for design and development of Zero fighter plane) and Junji Fukao (known for engine development), I clarified the characteristics and significance of the Daikou plant and the former main building by studying from the planned and historic process. As a result, (1) From the "Rocket Research Meeting" documents, it became clear that it was estimated and confirmed that Jiro Horikoshi had a connection with the Daikou plant and the former main building, and that building has a significance from the aircraft industry history aspects. (2) As a background, it was mentioned that Daiko plant has played a role as an important base for aircraft development and manufacturing along with the Oye plant, under the war situation. Also, from the documents of Junji Fukao, etc. (3) The high probability that the former main building is the building where the design room is located, (4)Participants of the rocket research group were stakeholders in the design department located in this design room, It was led to the estimation of (1) that it was confirmed that intimate exchanges with the design staff of the Daikou plant to which Jiro Horikoshi belonged. (5)In addition, it became clear that the Daikou plant had incorporated an advanced architectural philosophy that overturned the general plant concept at the time, based on overseas visits by Junji Fukao, and its characteristics of the former main building are contributed to estimation of (1). The reason for that is the same as the background of held the previous Rocket Research Meeting, with the expansion and deterioration of the war situation at the time, it became clear that the idea of getting out of position as a technologically backward country was reflected by improving technical capabilities with the trends of Western countries kept in mind and preparing a rational and efficient environment.
著者
安達 朗子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本社会福祉学会
雑誌
社会福祉学 (ISSN:09110232)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.1-15, 2020-08-31 (Released:2020-10-03)
参考文献数
19

本研究は,視覚障害者が日常生活において支援者から受ける支援に「ズレ」を感じた際,どのように意味づけ,対処してきたのか,また,その「ズレ」を是正する際に生じる困難さの要因は何かを明らかにすることを目的としている.本研究は,5名の視覚障害者のライフストーリーをもとに,半構造化インタビューを行い,定性的コーディングにより,質的機能的に分析した.その結果,調査協力者の否定的感情を生起させたネガティブな支援の「ズレ」と肯定的感情を生起させたポジティブな支援の「ズレ」に大別された.ネガティブな支援の「ズレ」は,支援者側の「視覚障害者に関する無知」,ポジティブな支援の「ズレ」は「運による」と意味づけられていた.対処は「あきらめ」という方法を採り,その「ズレ」を是正する際に生じる困難さの要因は,「自己責任」に収斂されていた.考察では,「あきらめ」ざるをえなかった状態から,五つのディスアビリティを可視化させた.
著者
武内 進一
出版者
日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所
雑誌
アフリカレポート (ISSN:21883238)
巻号頁・発行日
2016

ブルンジ、ルワンダ、コンゴ共和国では、いずれも2015年に大統領の三選禁止規定が変更されたが、その影響は大きく異なった。ブルンジでは激しい抗議活動と弾圧によって政治が著しく混乱したのに対し、コンゴでは抗議活動はほぼ封じ込められ、ルワンダでは抗議活動すら起こらなかった。抗議活動の強弱は、反政府勢力の組織力に依存する。ルワンダとコンゴでは、1990年代の内戦に勝利した武装勢力が政権を握り、国内に強力な反政府組織が存在しないうえ、経済的資源の分配を通じて反対派を懐柔できた。一方、国際社会の仲介によって内戦が終結したブルンジでは、権力分有制度のために反政府勢力が強い影響力を保持し、また反対派を懐柔するための資源も乏しかった。「三選問題」が示すのは、民主的な政治制度を採用しつつそれを形骸化させる政権の姿勢だが、それは冷戦後のアフリカで形成された政治秩序の一つの類型でもある。
著者
鈴木 淳
出版者
国文学研究資料館
雑誌
国際日本文学研究集会会議録 = PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON JAPANESE LITERATURE (ISSN:03877280)
巻号頁・発行日
no.24, pp.85-103, 2001-03-01

Takao-dayû, the original work of ukiyo-e in Freer Gallery of Art, is a picture of Takao-dayû drawn by Okumura Masanobu with a comment written by Hanaogi, the famous yûjo of Ôgiya in Yoshiwara imitating the Sawada Tôkô-style calligraphy. The content of the comments is a love letter including a hokku “Kimi ha ima komagata atari hototogisu” that is said Manji Takao, or Takao-dayû the Second of Miuraya sent to Date Tsunamune of the Sendai Clan. This letter was probably made up based on the legend of the love affair between them described in the documentary-like novel Sendai Hagi. Whether the story is true or not, the romantic atmosphere of Yoshiwara is promoted by the comments reminding readers Takao and Hanaôgi, and behind the comment of Hanaôgi, you can sense the attempt by Ôgiya Uemon or Bokuga, who was the employer of Hanôgi, to make her more famous together with Takigawa, who was also a famous yûjo, in the Tenmei period.
著者
及川 輝樹 中野 俊 荒井 健一 中村 圭裕 藤田 浩司 成毛 志乃 岸本 博志 千葉 達朗 南里 翔平
雑誌
日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
巻号頁・発行日
2018-03-14

飛騨山脈南部の岐阜県・長野県県境に位置する乗鞍火山の最近約1万年間の噴火史を,テフラ層序とAMS 14C年代測定を基に明らかにした.なお本報告は,乗鞍岳火山防災協議会が行った調査を基にして,その後検討を加えたものである.かつて乗鞍火山における最近1万年間の活動中心は,火口縁に最高峰の剣ヶ峰(3026m)がある権現池火口の他,恵比須岳火口にもあるとされていた.しかし,恵比須岳火口起源のテフラとされていた噴出物は,年代や記載岩石学的特徴から,その火口起源のものではないことが明らかとなった.そのため,最近1万年間の活動中心は権現池火口周辺に限られる.最近1万年間における乗鞍火山の噴火活動は,テフラ層序に基づくと,少なくともマグマ噴火を2回,水蒸気噴火を10回行っている.マグマ噴火は,いずれも水蒸気噴火に始まるが,その後火山灰を放出する噴火とスコリアを放出する噴火がそれぞれ発生した.スコリアを放出する噴火は,その初期に小規模な火砕流も発生した.総テフラ噴出量は数100~1000万/m3オーダである.なお,権現池火口周辺から流れ出た溶岩のうち,保存のよい微地形が残存する溶岩も3ユニットあることから,溶岩を流す噴火も完新世に3回発生した可能性がある.また,個々の水蒸気噴火の総噴出量は,数10~数100万m3オーダとなる.最新の噴火は,約500年前に発生した水蒸気噴火である.およそ7300年前に降下した鬼界アカホヤ火山灰より上位のテフラユニットの数から算出した噴火頻度は,800年に一回となる.近隣の焼岳火山(100~300年/回)と比べると噴火頻度は少ないが,桁違いに少ないわけではない.
著者
小林 宏光 津幡 美江 大泉 直子 表 絵美 林 悠佳 森下 道子 中田 弘子 川島 和代
出版者
一般社団法人 日本看護研究学会
雑誌
日本看護研究学会雑誌 (ISSN:21883599)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1, pp.1_131-1_136, 2009-04-01 (Released:2016-03-05)
参考文献数
15

橈骨動脈の触診によって得られた脈拍数の正確さについて検討した。脈拍数の測定時間は10, 15, 30 および 60秒間であった。被験者は看護学専攻の学部学生25名と臨床経験3年以上の看護師22名,計47名であった。各測定時間における脈拍数は重複する60秒間に測定された心電図より得た心拍数と比較され,その差を測定誤差とした。学生群では,どの測定時間でも実際よりも少なめに脈を数える傾向がみられた。看護師群ではこのような誤差の偏りはみられなかった。各測定時間での測定誤差の平均は,学生群で4.26(10秒), 2.46(15秒), 1.36(30秒), 1.42(60秒)であった。看護師群では2.86(10秒),2.44(15秒),0.97(30秒),0.82(60秒)であった。全体的に看護師群の方が学生群よりも誤差が小さい傾向がみられたが,両群の差は統計的有意とはならなかった。どちらの群でも30秒測定と60秒測定の間には有意差はなく,この結果から30秒測定の有効性が示唆された。
著者
阿部 浩之
出版者
経済理論学会
雑誌
季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.64-76, 2010-07-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

Today, as the market economy progresses, fields such as family care, nursing care, medical care, and childcare are transacted as interpersonal service labor in the market, and wage laborers are becoming increasingly in charge of such services. With regards to this trend, the concept of emotional labor was proposed by Hochschild as something that expresses a feature of interpersonal service labor in contemporary capitalism. Emotional labor aims to create an appropriate mental state in the targeted people (Hochschild). In interpersonal service labor, emotional labor is used for smoothly performing the work concerned, and it is often an essential factor. Emotional labor can be discussed as a series of labor processes consisting of three phases: (1) the emotion of the laborers toward customers; (2) acting as a visible expression of emotion; and (3) the emotion of customers that receive the service concerned. In discussions that focus on emotion, emotion management has often been considered a skill in emotional labor, and it is necessary to pay more attention to (2) acting as a visible expression of emotion. In a wide sense of general labor, emotional labor is performed in the form of nursing care or the like as part of household work. When it becomes associated with commodity economy, interpersonal service takes the form of article of commerce, and it may be provided in the form of selfemployment (for example practicing psychiatrist and psychological counselor), or it may be provided as wage-labor. Even in the same wage labor, there are qualitative differences between emotional labor in standardized customer service that is regulated by a manual, as is represented by fast food restaurant service (type A) and emotional labor by nursing/care personnel or the like (type B). In type B, it is difficult to complete service just by combining surface acting; instead it requires deep acting, unlike type A. In emotional labor by nursing/care personnel or the like (type B), it is necessary to consider the situation in which laborers and customers face each other in the form of multiple laborers versus multiple customers; and group-to-group, instead of one-to-one or individual-to-individual. Since Hochschild's proposal, emotional labor, which has tended to be discussed from the viewpoint of individual-to-individual, needs to be reevaluated from the viewpoint of group-to-group, with capitalistic labor organizations in mind. In emotional labor performed by a labor organization, acting becomes rather theatrical; or in other words, emotional labor is performed cooperatively. While taking a theatrical structure, emotional labor progresses qualitatively. Discussions on emotional labor are considered to have abundant possibilities to elucidate what kinds of features are possessed by labor power that is a commodity closely related to character, and how labor power commodities are formed and function in capitalism.
著者
岡本 誠 安井 重哉 東出 元輝
出版者
Japanese Society for the Science of Design
雑誌
日本デザイン学会研究発表大会概要集
巻号頁・発行日
pp.138, 2015 (Released:2015-06-11)

事拾図は、デザインプロセスの中で出来事を生け捕りにする手法です。 これは、出来事の全体を観察し、洞察し、表現し、ステイクホルダーの間で内容を共有することができます。この手法を実験的授業の中で実施し評価をしました。当事者やステイクホルダーは容易に内容を理解することができ、また新しいアイデアソースを共有することができます。
著者
水本 正晴
出版者
日本科学哲学会
雑誌
科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.43-59, 2004
被引用文献数
1

Swampan poses a problem for physicalists who adopt the teleological approach to functionalism. In this paper I reformulate the intuitive idea behind the physicalists' worry about it as "Swampman argument", and consider possible rejoinders, including Maeda (1999)'s claim that swampman is not even imaginable. This paper was originally intended as a comment on Maeda's reply to Mizumoto (2000), which criticized his (1999).
著者
綿田 稔
出版者
岩波書店
雑誌
文学 (ISSN:03894029)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.5, pp.129-148, 2011-09