著者
木戸 優奈 佐藤 直行
雑誌
第81回全国大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, no.1, pp.401-402, 2019-02-28

インスタ映えする写真を投稿するユーザーはセンスや行動力などに優れている可能性が高いが,表立って評価されることは少なく「承認欲求が強い」と批判されることが多い.本研究では,ユーザーの優れている面を明らかにするため,27名の投稿写真のカテゴリ(SURF特徴量を用いたクラスタリング,計5556枚)の比率と性格因子(自意識・ゆとり感)の関連を調べた.その結果,投稿頻度の高いユーザーは低いユーザーに比べ,公的自意識が低く遊楽性が高いことがわかった.また,Fashionカテゴリの比率と公的自意識・挑戦性の有意な相関を示した.以上の結果は,投稿頻度が高いユーザーは承認欲求というより,遊楽性や挑戦性をもとに活動していることを意味する.
著者
大東 敬明
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.142, pp.193-208, 2008-03-31

本稿は、東大寺二月堂修二会(以下、東大寺修二会)「中臣祓(なかとみのはらえ)」の典拠や構造を、その詞章から、分析しようとするものである。東大寺修二会に参籠する僧は練行衆(れんぎょうしゅう)と呼ばれ、法会を支障なく執行する為に、穢れを取り去って心身を清浄に保つ事が求められる。そのため、現在では三月一日から十五日未明にかけて行われる「本行(ほんぎょう)」に先立って「別火(べっか)」行が行われ、その最終日にあたる二月末日に「咒師(しゅし)」によって「大中臣祓(おおなかとみのはらえ)」が行われる。また、「別火」行・「本行」期間中、様々な場面で「中臣祓」が行なわれる。祓は、罪や穢を除去することを目的とする儀礼である。この「中臣祓」は、「別火」行に入る際、「別火」行中の朝夕の勤行の際、洗面・入浴・便所の後、「本行」において、日々、二月堂に上堂する前等に行われる。「中臣祓」で用いられる御幣には、本稿で分析対象とする詞章が書かれた紙が巻きつけられている。練行衆は、それぞれ持っている守本尊に向かい、拍掌の後に、詞章を黙誦し、この御幣で身を祓うなどの所作を行なう。本稿において「中臣祓」の詞章は、① 東大寺八幡宮(手向山八幡宮)への法楽。② 真言神道や修験道で用いられた「拍手祓大事(かしわではらえのだいじ)」「伊勢拍手秡(いせかしわではらえ)」と共通する作法。③ 陰陽道流の祓で用いられた自力祓形式の略祓。④ 吉田神道の影響を受けた略祓で、息災延命祈願に用いられた祓。の四つの部分より構成される、と考察した。それぞれの具体的な典拠について、②以外は見出すことは出来なかったが、「中臣祓」の詞章が複数の系統の祓に関わる作法を集めて、独自の形式を作り上げている事は言える。すなわち、「中臣祓」は東大寺八幡宮へ法楽を捧げた後に、真言神道、陰陽道、吉田神道など、典拠を変えながら三重に祓を行う構造(②③④)を持つ。東大寺修二会が、諸儀礼の要素を取り込んで独自の形式としてゆくことは、法会の様々な部分から見出すことが出来る。「中臣祓」は東大寺修二会全体から見れば小さな作法であるが、同様の性格を見出すことが出来た。
著者
八幡 芳和 阿部 優子 角田 力彌
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.4, pp.807-812, 2017-04-10 (Released:2018-04-10)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
1

ペラグラは3D(dementia,diarrhea,dermatitis)と表現され,主としてビタミンの一種であるナイアシン(niacin)の欠乏により発症する疾患で,食糧事情の改善された現在では極めて稀な病態だが,本症例は単純糖質を主とした特殊な偏食による状態で発症した.診断,治療には精神神経症状や消化器症状など全身的な代謝障害の1つに,本症名称の皮膚科疾患が位置づけられていることの認識が重要である.
著者
西田 之昭 周防屋 洋
出版者
耳鼻と臨床会
雑誌
耳鼻と臨床 (ISSN:04477227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.4, pp.264-270, 1964-12-15 (Released:2013-05-10)
参考文献数
21

The resistance and the efficiency of the glottis as the generator of voice production are important factors, but it has been impossible to measure them, because we have no practical measuring method of the subglottic pressure except in the patients with a tracheostoma.The intention of this paper is to offer the measuring method of the subglottic pressure in normal persons and to develop the investigation of the regulation mechanism of voice.The relation between the intraesophageal pressure and the subglottic pressure was examined and a new interruption method was tried.The change of the intraesophageal pressure during the phonation has a close relation with the expiratory level and it is not parallel with subglottic pressure. But both pressures have equal deviations and synchronized changes only in the beginning or the stopping of voice. Van den Berg's intraesophageal method-measuring the pressure deviation at the abrupt stop of voice, with the relaxed diaphragm and thorax and the open glottis-is certified as an almost accurate method. In this method, it is not always easy to swallow the esophageal balloon, and the complicated technique is required.The interruption method-at first devised to measure the alveolar pressure in the respiration- was examined.The examiner let the subject put on a mask, which is airtight and connected with shutter and pneumotachograph. During the phonation, the pressure elevation was produced in the mask by the momentary interruption of the air-flow by means of the shutter. This pressure elevation was equal to the subglottic pressure. This fact was ascertained in the patient with a tracheostoma and the interruption of air-flow gave little effect to the subglottic pressure. This method was painless and easily performed.As is stated, we have two methods concerning the measurement of the subglottic pressure. The interruption method is better for the measurement of the resistance and the efficiency of voice production, and the intraesophageal method is better for the observation of the changes of subglottic pressure in the beginning of phonation or in the production of consonants in which the change of the expiratory level is little.
著者
松室 美紀 三輪 和久 寺井 仁 山田 賢人
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.87, no.3, pp.229-239, 2016 (Released:2016-08-25)
参考文献数
27
被引用文献数
2

According to dual process theory, there are two systems in the mind: an intuitive and automatic System 1 and a logical and effortful System 2. While many previous studies about number estimation have focused on simple heuristics and automatic processes, the deliberative System 2 process has not been sufficiently studied. This study focused on the System 2 process for large number estimation. First, we described an estimation process based on participants’ verbal reports. The task, corresponding to the problem-solving process, consisted of creating subgoals, retrieving values, and applying operations. Second, we investigated the influence of such deliberative process by System 2 on intuitive estimation by System 1, using anchoring effects. The results of the experiment showed that the System 2 process could mitigate anchoring effects.
著者
山西(増井) 史子
出版者
情報メディア学会
雑誌
情報メディア研究 (ISSN:13485857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.1, pp.15-31, 2017-11-15 (Released:2017-11-15)
参考文献数
47

本研究は,日本文学・日本語学分野の学会誌に掲載された論文がその内容に対応する学会発表を経ているか否かを調査し,当該分野の研究における論文と学会発表の関連性を明らかにすることを目的とする. 調査対象は,日本文学・日本語学分野で重要視されている学会誌 9 誌に 2005 年~ 2014 年の 10 年間に掲載された論文 1,958 本である.調査項目は,論文の内容に対応する学会発表の有無,学会発表が確認できた場合は,その学会名,学会発表と論文出版のタイムラグ,の 3 点である. 結果は,対応する学会発表を経た論文は 729 本で全体の 37%であった.その内訳は,論文が掲載された学会誌を出版する学会での発表を経ていたのが 420 本で全体の 21%,論文が掲載されたのと別の学会での発表を経ていたのが 309 本で全体の 16%であった. 全体的な傾向としては,論文出版と学会発表の関連性は低かった.しかし,一部の学会では,学会発表と論文出版の関連性が高い傾向があることが明らかとなった.
著者
黒川 昌彦 渡辺 渡 清水 寛美
出版者
九州保健福祉大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2006

インフルエンザ感染は局所感染であるが、なぜ発熱、頭痛、脳炎などの全身症状が誘発されるかについては未だ明らかにされていない。このため、全身症状の誘発機序が明らかになれば、新たな視点からインフルエンザ感染に対する新薬の開発が可能となると考えられる。これまでのマウスのインフルエンザ感染病態の解析から、感染早期の気道内でIL-12の産生増強が、インフルエンザ感染症の軽症化を導くことを明らかにした。IL-12はインフルエンザ感染における自然免疫から獲得免疫系への一連の感染防御システム、また感染症状誘発の鍵となる因子である。そこで、インフルエンザ感染マウスを用いて気道感染後のIL-12産生様相を明らかにすることを目的とした。感染1-4日後のマウス肺洗浄液中のウイルス量は、感染3日目で最大となり以後減少した。また、サイトカイン産生(IL-12、IL-18、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IFN-α、IFN-β)は、感染2-3日目に最大になりその後減少傾向を示した。しかし、感染1日目において唯一IL-12産生濃度がmock感染マウスより有意に高く、感染にともないIL-12産生が他の5種のサイトカインより先に誘導された。感染1日目の肺の免疫組織学的検討では、ウイルス抗原は気管支上皮やその内部に局部的に認められ、マクロファージは、気管支平滑筋層の下部や細気管支部位に点在していた。IL-12は、気管支平滑筋層の下部に点在して観察された。また、IL-12 transcriptsは、マクロファージ様細胞に検出された。これらの結果、感染初期にIL-12抗原は、インフルエンザウイルス抗原やマクロファージと同様に、感染気管支上皮近傍の気管支平滑筋層の近辺に点在していることが明らかとなった。また、その分布は、マクロファージの分布と類似しており、IL-12がマクロファージ様細胞から産生されていることが示唆された。したがってインフルエンザウイルス感染初期気道内で、IL-12が自然免疫から獲得免疫系への一連の感染防御に重要な役割を演じていることが確認できた。
著者
石 和静
出版者
北海道大学スラブ研究センター
雑誌
スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)
巻号頁・発行日
no.46, pp.33-55, 1999

This paper elucidates the plans for Korea's neutralization by Russia between 1900-1903 and evaluates its connection with Count Witte's Manchurian policy It deals with a series of three attempts to realize Korea's neutrality under the auspices of a "joint guarantee by the Powers," which was invented by the Russian government. In most of the literature reviewed, discussions about Russia's Korean neutralization plans have failed to view them as policies initiated by the government as a whole, and tended to interpret them only as impromptu, unauthoritative proposals by Russian Ministers on the spot. Witte, as the Russian Minister of Finance who had the greatest influence in Russian East Asian affairs, sought to strike separate under-the-table deals with Japan concerning Korea's neutrality. Japan in fact wanted a free hand for itself in the Korean peninsula, however, which seemed to Russia absolutely unacceptable in view of Korea's paramount strategic significance. This study shows that Korea's neutralization was Russia's ultimate goal, and this goal conflicted with lapan's stance on the Korean and Manchurian issues. In the end, these tensions contributed to the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The Korean neutralization policy was originated and conducted by Witte. This was due to Witte and his ministry's involvement in all aspects of Russian foreign affairs. Witte's solution to the Korean problem was always connected with the situation in Manchuria, where the Russians wanted to exercise their extraterritorial rights. He brought up the Korean neutralization policy as a temporary means to defend against the lapanese from "getting into Korea" while Russian troops were actively engaged against the Boxer Rebellion in Manchuria. Witte argued that Japan would be handicapped by the expenditures it was making in Korea and that it would be much more susceptible to Russian pressure, especially once the Transsiberian Railroad was completed. All of which would make it easier for Russia to take possession of Korea later, if circumstances required. In other words, Witte was simply searching for a modus vivendi until Russian preparations were complete. Henceforth Russian troops occupied Manchuria on 7 January 1901, Izvolskii, the Russian Minister to Japan, proposed Korea's neutralization under international guarantees, that is, by Japan and Russia, which in substance would divide the Korean peninsula according to each side's sphere of influence. The Japanese government, however, replied that they would not discuss Korea's neutrality until the Russians took steps to move their armies out of Manchuria. By replying through Chinda, the Japanese Minister to St. Petersburg, Japan by- passed lzvolskii who had been entrusted by the Czar with the authority to negotiate the neutralization issue. The two countries' relations continued to be very strained. The "war crisis" of Spring 1901, caused by the conflict and mutual distrust between Russia and lapan on the Manchurian and Korean questions, had a number of consequences. First, it tended to unite Japanese statesmen who had previously been undecided with the proponents of the Anglo-Japanese alliance. Second, for Witte, Russia's primary concern was to avoid war with Japan, and the best means for solving the Manchurian problem was to renounce any political intentions in Manchuria and limit Russian interests there to the protection the Chinese Eastern Railway's interest as a private company With regards to Korea, he felt that if lapan demanded the country's annexation, the proper course would be to open the issue to international discussion. Even if Japan seized Korea, Russia should not consider it a casus belli. Following the "war crisis," a second neutrality scheme was attempted by Witte himself. In July 1901, when his ideas were accepted as the basis for a plan for the three-stepped e vacuation of Manchuria with some reservations, he approached the Japanese Minister in St. Petersburg and suggested, unofficially, a conditional arrangement regarding the crucial Korean problem. Russia, he said, would agree to a settlement making Korea a neutral area, but allow Japan the right to supply the Korean government with administrative and fmancial advisers as well as with a chief of police. In return, Iapan would officially recognize Russia's preponderance in Manchuria. Witte's practical proposals would have conceded Japan's demands in Korea with some reservations and normalized relations with China. The main concern of Wiitte's counterpart, however, was Korea, and for Japan it was seen as matter of life and death for Japan to keep Russia out of Korea. Japan could not question the actions of Russia in Manchuria merely on the basis of the London Times revelations of reported Russo-Chinese secret ne gotiations to consolidate Russia's occupation of Manchuria. By tying in the Manchurian question with Korea they hoped to ascertain Russia's intentions. The Russian proposal ended in failure because lapan would not enter into an agreement concerning Korea until the fate of Manchuria was decisively settled. Russia did not take this to mean a breakdown in negotiations. In Decernber 1901, while the question of a military retreat from Manchuria was a heated subject of discussion between Russia and China, Witte suggested more specific neutrality terms in St. Petersburg, in talks with Ito, Iapan's former Premier. It is evident that the Russians accepted the Japanese demands with respect to Korea only with the following qualifications: guarantees to maintain Korea's independence, not to use any part of Korean territory for strategic purposes, and not to hinder Russia's free passage through the Korea Strait. In return, Russia was to be left with a free hand in Manchuria. On the other hand, Ito brought with him an itemized plan setting forth Japan's desire for a free hand in Korea commercially, industrially, militarily and politically, as well as offering a guarantee that the country would not be used for military purposes against Russia. In the end, Russia's final plan was refused by the Japanese government. Japan felt compelled to conclude an alliance with England which would provide it with the guarantees it needed for primacy over Korea rather than negotiate an agreement with Russia which would have hindered it in attaining this goal. The last secret attempt by Russia to achieve Korea's neutrality was the proposal for the "Neutralization of Korea under the joint guarantee of the Three Powers, Russia, Japan, and America." This plan was aborted almost as soon as Russia had begun proposing it, mainly because America had already made a decision not to interfere in a matter being pursued by the Japanese government. At the time lapan questioned Russia's approaches to America. It is evident that with the first scheduled evacuation in Manchuria coming soon, Witte probably considered the plan as a way of placating America and to encouraging them to develop a new understanding regarding Korea. To restrict Russia's activities in Manchuria and in support of the Anglo-Iapanese Alliance, the United States demanded the 'Open Door' policy in China. It should be also noted that the fmal neutralization scheme proposed in September 1902 was a more concrete version of the plan "under the joint guarantee of the Powers" which had been formally proposed in January 1901. The main feature of the negotiations on Korea's neutralization between Russia and Japan was that the Russian proposals were repeatedly rejected by the Japanese, who were always one step ahead of Russia. The pattern of Russia's abortive schemes for Korean neutrality did not change in official discussions on the Manchurian and Korean questions after August 1903, the period of so-called "w ar diplomacy." From the Japanese point of view," the neutralization of Korea" meant the sacrifice of its position on the peninsula. In fact, Japan, not yet viewing itself as a fully independent actor, had the support of England and America behind it. Agreeing to anti-Russian common interests, the Western powers did not stint in their promises of diplomatic support to Japan. It can be surmised that the failure of Russia's schemes to neutralize Korea, aimed at putting lapan's imperialistic ambitions to rest, was a by-product of general trends in power politics in East Asia since the last decades of the nineteenth century.
著者
將積 日出夫 渡辺 行雄 丸山 元祥 本島 ひとみ 十二町 真樹子 安村 佐都紀
出版者
The Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan, Inc.
雑誌
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.106, no.9, pp.880-883, 2003-09-20 (Released:2008-03-19)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1 1

(目的)Meniett20Rはメニエール病の携帯型中耳加圧治療器具である,本論文では,本邦で初めてMeniett20Rを薬物療法に抵抗する難治性めまいを反復し,人退院を繰り返す高齢メニエール病患者に対して用い,めまいに対する治療効果を報告した.(方法)対象は,高齢重症メニエール病患者2例であった.Meniett20Rによる治療開始から1年間の経過を評価した.(結果)治療開始からめまい発作消失までは約3カ月であり,めまい係数からいずれも改善と評価された.(結論)Meniett20Rは,鼓室換気チユーブ留置術を必要とするが,めまい制御に対する有効性が期待でき,簡便で安全性が高い.したがって,薬物療法に抵抗する重症メニエール病に対する治療方法の選択肢の一つとなる可能性がある.