著者

中田 勝康 秋山 賢治

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木史研究 (ISSN:09167293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.333-340, 1992-06-05 (Released:2010-06-15)

参考文献数

3

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九州に残る城下町の中から久留米市 (福岡県)、鹿児島市 (鹿児島県) の城下町形態とその町割について整理し、現在の町並みに残っている地域用途と道路網への影響と問題点等を整理する。さらにこのような城下町遺産を都市づくりに生かしていく為の基本理念について論述し、久留米市寺町における提案を紹介する。

著者

住 明正

出版者

社団法人 環境科学会

雑誌

環境科学会誌 (ISSN:09150048)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.327-330, 2008-07-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

栗川 直子

出版者

日本感性工学会

雑誌

日本感性工学会論文誌 (ISSN:18840833)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.411-417, 2014 (Released:2014-04-30)

参考文献数

19

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According to previous studies, highly understandable painting is generally associated with favorable evaluations. This study investigated the contribution of understandability to the combination effect of painting and frame. Using eight combinations, the degrees of harmony and impression (evaluation, activity) were rated. It was found that when a highly understandable painting was combined with a regular and symmetrical frame, the degree of harmony and evaluation were higher than if the painting was combined with an irregular and complex frame. In contrast, a poorly understandable painting harmonized with both types of frames and their evaluation only slightly differed. The results indicated that the aesthetic appreciation of art is affected by the frame and that a highly understandable painting is harmonized only in a regular and symmetrical frame that does not impinge on the prototypicality of the painting.

著者

Seonmi KANG Sangwan PARK Hyunwoo NOH Jiyoon KWAK Kangmoon SEO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0412, (Released:2015-02-16)

被引用文献数

3

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This study was performed to evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) during standard coaxial phacoemulsification using 4 different bottle heights (BHs) and 2 different incision sizes. Coaxial phacoemulsification was performed with a venturi-based machine in 8 enucleated canine eyes through 3.0 and 3.2 mm clear corneal incisions (CCIs). A pressure transducer inserted in the peripheral cornea monitored the IOP in real-time. The surgery was subdivided into 4 stages: sculpt-segment removal, irrigation/aspiration, capsular polishing and viscoelastic removal. The mean IOP and the difference between the maximum and minimum IOPs were calculated at each stage and compared. The ultrasound time and volume of irrigation fluid used were recorded. The mean IOP increased with an elevation in the BH. The mean IOP in the irrigation/aspiration stage was significantly higher than that in the sculpt-segment removal stage at the same BH. The difference between the maximum and minimum IOP at each stage was greater in the 3.2 mm than the 3.0 mm CCIs, although the mean IOP was lower with the 3.2 mm than the 3.0 mm CCIs. The ultrasound time and irrigation fluid volume were greater with the 3.2 mm than the 3.0 mm CCIs. Therefore, fluidic parameters during each stage could be reassessed and adjusted to reduce complications arising from an elevated IOP. Phacoemulsification with 3.0 mm CCIs at a lower BH might lead to less stress on the eye from IOP fluctuations, ultrasound energy and irrigation fluid.

著者

山田 哲雄 村松 成司 高橋 徹三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会

雑誌

日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.39-46, 1993-02-10 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

32

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本研究は, 運動時の汗および尿中Na, K排泄量の一過性の変動に及ぼす運動強度の影響について, 安静実験を対照として運動時および運動後9時間にわたり, 腎機能, 血中ホルモンなどとの関連を考え合わせて検討することを目的とした。健康な成人男子5名を被験者とし, 第1日目を調整日, 第2日日を対照実験日 (以後, 対照日と略), 第3日目を最大酸素摂取量の60% (60% VO2mx) を目標強度とした中等度の強度の運動負荷実験日, 第4日目を80% VO2maxを目標強度とした激運動負荷実験日 (以後おのおの中等度の運動日, 激運動日と略) とする実験を実施した。おもな結果は, 以下のとおりであった。1) 運動時の心拍数および% VO2maxは, ともに中等度の運動日に比べ激運動日で有意に高値を示した。2) 血中乳酸, 血漿レニン活性 (PRA), 血清アルドステロン (Ald) は, いずれも運動直後で激運動日>中等度の運動日>対照日の順に高値で, 3実験日の間にはいずれも有意差がみられた。3) 運動時の体重減少量は, 激運動日>中等度の運動日>対照日の順に高値で, 3実験日の間にはいずれも有意差がみられた。4) 運動時の汗中Na, K排泄量は, ともに激運動日>中等度の運動日>対照日の順に有意に高値または高値傾向を示した。5) 尿量, 尿中Na排泄量は, 運動時では対照日に比べ激運動日で有意に低値を示した。一方, 尿中K排泄量は, 運動時では対照日に比べ激運動日で有意に低値を示したが, 回復期では対照日に比べ中等度の運動日で有意に高値を示した。6) (汗+尿) 中Na排泄量は, 運動時では激運動日>中等度の運動日>対照日の順に有意に高値または高値傾向を示した。運動時, 回復期の合計では3実験日の間に有意な差を示さなかった。一方, (汗+尿) 中K排泄量は, 運動時では両運動日で対照日に比べ有意に高値を示した。運動時, 回復期の合計では, 中等度の運動日で対照日に比べ有意に高値を示した。以上のことから, 本実験条件下では, 中等度以上の強度の運動時には一過性に, (1) Na, Kの体外への損失が高まること, (2) Naの損失は汗中Na排泄量が高まるほど大であること, (3) Kの損失は激運動日では必ずしも高まらないこと, (4) 激運動日では相対的にKよりもNaの損失が大であること, また, 運動後9時間までの時点では, (1) Naの体外への損失は激運動日で個人差が大きいものの両運動日ともに対照日に比べ明らかではないこと, (2) Kの体外への損失は中等度の運動日で高まること, (3) NaとKの身体全体としての相対的な排泄比率については両運動日と対照日との間に差がみられないこと, がおのおの示唆された。

著者

田中 公人

出版者

一般社団法人 経営情報学会

雑誌

経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集 2014年秋季全国研究発表大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.129-132, 2014 (Released:2015-01-30)

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本稿では、製品アーキテクチャの枠組みを用いて、ビジネス・インテリジェンス(BI)における製品開発戦略について考察する。具体的には、BIソフトウェアとコンサルティング・サービスの製品アーキテクチャをそれぞれ横軸・縦軸にとったマトリックスを分析フレームワークとして用い、日本国内の主要なBI製品がどこに位置づけられるか、またその時間的変化(ダイナミクス)について分析した。結果、製品アーキテクチャ・マトリックス上でのダイナミクスにより、各社の戦略の違いが説明できる可能性が示唆された。また、市場シェアの大きな企業とそれ以外の企業の戦略の違いについても考察した。

著者

三浦 苑子 内田 雅也 平野 将司 山内 良子 吉津 伶美 草野 輝彦 古賀 実 有薗 幸司

出版者

大学等環境安全協議会

雑誌

環境と安全 (ISSN:18844375)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.3, pp.195-201, 2013-09-30 (Released:2013-10-25)

参考文献数

26

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トリクロサン(TCS)およびトリクロカルバン(TCC)は、薬用石鹸やシャンプー等様々な製品に幅広く使用され、産業廃水や生活排水を通じて環境中に広がり、水圏の野生生物に影響をおよぼすことが示唆されている。これらの研究は、水域生態系の生物を対象としたものが多く、化学物質の最終到達地点と考えられる海域に棲息する生物を対象とした研究は少ない。そこで本研究では、海産甲殻類アミを用いたTCSおよびTCCの生態影響評価を目的とした。急性毒性試験は、USEPAの試験法(EPA/600/4-90/027F)に準拠し、96時間曝露の半数致死濃度を算出した。成長・成熟試験は、USEPAの試験法(EPA method 1007)に準拠し、14日間半止水式曝露を行った。曝露期間中、生死と脱皮数の観察を行い、曝露終了後、体長、体重及び頭胸甲長を測定し、二次性徴の形態観察から雌雄比を算出した。それぞれの半数致死濃度はTCSで70 µg/L、TCCで12 µg/Lであり、現在報告されているTCSとTCCの水環境中濃度よりも高かった。成長・成熟試験の結果、TCSは0.5 µg/L、TCCが0.05 µg/Lで、各測定項目に有意な減少が認められ、半数致死濃度よりも極めて低濃度であった。本研究の結果、環境中濃度が低濃度であっても、長期的な曝露でアミに対する成長・成熟への影響をおぼすことが示唆され、水域環境への影響が懸念された。

著者

西永 亮

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.245-270, 2006-11-10 (Released:2010-04-30)

著者

矢崎 義雄

出版者

日本医学教育学会

雑誌

医学教育 (ISSN:03869644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.6, pp.410-411, 1988-12-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

著者

林 茂

出版者

日本医学教育学会

雑誌

医学教育 (ISSN:03869644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.6, pp.412-415, 1988-12-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

著者

Takeaki WADA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.53-66, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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Waste is generated as an unwanted byproduct of current business activities. Transforming waste products into a resource can enable firms to obtain raw material for free and reduce the cost of waste disposal. However, in general, firms are hesitant to accept the challenge of utilizing waste products because of organizational learning. Moreover, in the past, all challenges to transform waste products into a resource have failed. Thus, firms must unlearn the organizational learning that waste is “not a resource,” which inhibits their attempt to utilize waste products. Furthermore, in the beginning of development, there is no definite idea, and the process is far from the deliberate strategic process with clear objectives. The development process would be a deliberately emergent strategic process with only rough guidelines for attempting to transform waste into resources by any means. To achieve the objectives, firms have to patiently repeat trial and error, even if there are no short-term outcomes. This paper introduces the development process for N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) at the Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry (YSK) as an example of the successful commercialization of technology that utilizes waste. In the YSK example, (1) the spirit of mottainai that increases the value of the material to the maximum and becomes a significant driving force for unlearning, and (2) the leaning on the future principle in which one continues without losing hope even if there are no short-term results were the critical aspects that led to the successful transformation of waste into resources and is referred to as mottainai innovation.

著者

Yuki MITOMI Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.35-51, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 4

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The mutual learning model described in “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning” (March, 1991) concludes that “slow learning on the part of individuals maintains diversity longer, thereby providing the exploration,” based on the results of computer simulations. However, the simulations of March (1991) excluded both ends of the socialization rate domain. When compensating for those missing portions, there is an optimal socialization rate that actually maximizes the average knowledge level. This is because low learning on the part of individuals actually causes frequent lock-ins and impedes learning. This optimal socialization rate may be a common rate for socialization, and we cannot deny this possibility by using only computer simulations. Moreover, this high knowledge level is achieved in a non-equilibrium state.

著者

Nobuyuki INAMIZU

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.15-34, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

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The garbage can model created by Cohen, March, and Olsen (1972) explains organizational decision making under ambiguity. In the initial study outlining the model, a computer simulation was used for analysis. However, despite the appendix of Cohen et al. (1972) providing the Fortran source code for the simulation, subsequent studies rarely made any reference to the simulation model. In this study, we examine the simulation model of Cohen et al. by rebuilding the aforementioned source code. The results of our study clearly indicate the following three points. 1) the program created by Cohen et al. failed to detect the three decision-making styles (decision by resolution, decision by oversight, and decision by flight); 2) decision making sometimes occurred not only when choice opportunities had no problems but also when a choice opportunity had no decision maker; and 3) even when there were no problems attached to choice opportunities, the initial setting was programmed as though there were, perhaps to avoid the decision making seen in 2).

著者

Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-14, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3 9

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“Iron cage” appears to be mistranslated from Weber's “Gehäuse” by Parsons. Correctly speaking, it has been noted that the word should be translated as “shell,” which presents an extremely promising possibility in management studies: what appears to be a talisman on the front has rigid persons clinging onto the other side. If a shell has a competitive advantage, this would excuse the rigidity. However, if the shell is losing, or has already lost, its competitive advantage, clinging onto it becomes a problem. For example, Ford and IBM grew rapidly by clinging onto their shells―the Model T Ford in the case of Ford and the System/360 for IBM. However, these companies gradually went into decline later as their product design fossilized. Apart from product designs, it is easy to find examples of shells in companies that have experienced periods of growth and maturity, for example, retail networks, parent company sales power, real estate, patents, and franchise. Both managers and employees are fully aware that they can no longer expect growth as long as they cling onto their shell. Even so, the shell remains a source of rent. Hence, they are clinging onto it and are being driven to their ruin by inches.

著者

津田 恭充

出版者

日本カウンセリング学会

雑誌

カウンセリング研究 (ISSN:09148337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.10-18, 2011 (Released:2012-02-29)

参考文献数

17

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本研究の目的は,不確実な対人場面における他者の本心の反すうが関係妄想的認知を生じうるということを検討することであった。関係妄想的認知には,ネガティブな主題のものとポジティブな主題のものがあるが,ポジティブな関係妄想的認知を測定する尺度は存在しない。そこで,研究1ではポジティブな関係妄想的認知尺度を開発した。大学生328名を対象に質問紙調査を行った。その結果,尺度の内的整合性,因子的妥当性,併存的妥当性が確認された。研究2では,大学生196名に,(1)ポジティブな関係妄想的認知尺度,(2)自己関係づけ尺度(ネガティブな関係妄想的認知尺度),(3)不確実な対人場面における他者の本心についての反すう尺度,(4)自尊感情尺度,に回答してもらった。自尊感情を統制した場合における,反すうから関係妄想的認知への影響を検討するため,共分散構造分析を行った。その結果,不確実な対人場面における他者の本心についての反すうは,ネガティブおよびポジティブな関係妄想的認知を引き起こしうることが示唆され,仮説は支持された。反すうと関係妄想的認知との因果関係を確証するための,実験的あるいは縦断的研究が求められる。

著者

Ryo Kamata Fujio Shiraishi Shinji Takahashi Akira Shimizu Daisuke Nakajima Shiho Kageyama Takushi Sasaki Kyosuke Temma

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.903-912, 2013-12-01 (Released:2013-11-09)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

7

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In the 1950s to 1970s developed countries reported declines in populations of raptorial and fish-eating birds and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites were considered causative substances because they accumulated significantly in the tissues of wild birds and animals. However, except for the estrogenic effects of o,p’-DDT, a minor component of commercial DDT, there has been no compelling evidence that DDT directly affects avian reproductive systems. To assess the possible impact of DDT on development and reproduction of birds, exposure experiments to the major component of commercial DDT, p,p’-DDT, and its persistent metabolite, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were performed using Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs; the test substances (3 to 100 μg/g) were injected into the yolk prior to incubation, and hatched chicks were raised to adulthood. p,p’-DDT had no significant effects on the morphology and function of the reproductive systems, although the hatchability of treated eggs was reduced at the highest dose (100 μg/g). High doses of p,p’-DDE slightly enhanced the eggshell forming ability of female quails; eggshell mass and thickness were increased at 30 μg/g or more although no morphological changes were observed in the oviduct. Transcriptions of the CYP11A1 gene in the ovaries, and of AHR and ARNT in the livers, of adult females were significantly increased at 3 μg/g or more of p,p’-DDT. Except for low hatchability, transovarian exposure to p,p’-DDT or p,p’-DDE did not markedly impair the avian reproductive systems, but the hormonal actions of these compounds are likely to change reproductive and hepatic functions even after maturation.

著者

Yu ISHIDA Futoshi NAKAMURA Hiroki KANZATO Daisuke SAWADA Naoyuki YAMAMOTO Hiroko KAGATA Masato OH-IDA Haruo TAKEUCHI Shigeru FUJIWARA

出版者

(社)日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.9, pp.1652-1660, 2005 (Released:2005-09-23)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

88

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A placebo-controlled, single-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 (L-92) on the symptoms of Japanese cedar-pollen allergy. This study was carried out during the 2002 and 2003 seasons of Japanese cedar pollination. Twenty-three in-house volunteers were asked to drink 100 ml of heat-treated milk fermented with L-92 containing 5×1010 of the bacteria, twice a day, for 6 consecutive weeks. A similar study was carried out during the 2003 season for 10 weeks, but the daily dose of bacteria was 2×1010. A significant improvement of the ocular symptom-medication score (SMS) was observed in 2002 and of the score of distress of life in 2003. These data show that a daily oral intake of not less than 2×1010 heat-treated L-92 cells improved the symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis, thereby contributing to reduce the dose of concomitant medications. However, no blood parameter was significantly affected in these trials.

著者

大谷 晃司 菊地 臣一 紺野 慎一 矢吹 省司

出版者

日本腰痛学会

雑誌

日本腰痛学会雑誌 (ISSN:13459074)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.127-131, 2004 (Released:2008-02-06)

参考文献数

10

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本研究の目的は,腰椎椎間板ヘルニア手術後10年以上経過例に対し,Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire(以下RDQ)を用いて腰痛機能関連QOLを検討することである.対象は,腰仙椎部椎間板ヘルニア108例(ヘルニア摘出術の非固定群32例,ヘルニア摘出術+後側方固定術の固定群76例)である.追跡調査率は58%であった.手術例の最終調査時(術後平均14年)のRDQの偏差得点は54.1±6.4であった.偏差得点50点以上,すなわち,一般住民の腰痛による日常生活の障害度と同様か,それより軽度であった症例の頻度は93例(86%)であった.一方,非固定群のRDQの偏差得点は54.0±7.4,固定群のそれは54.2±6.2であり,両群間に統計学的有意差は認められなかった.腰椎椎間板ヘルニア手術の長期経過例の腰痛関連QOLは,固定術併用の有無にかかわらず,一般住民の腰痛と同等,あるいはむしろ軽度である症例が多数を占めていた.

著者

中村 修 山本 哲也 上野 和之 髙谷 幸司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.2, pp.88-92, 2015 (Released:2015-01-31)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

6

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Numerical simulation of lance-jet impinging on a liquid free surface was carried out and validated against the experimental data of Ueno et al. [Tetsu-to-Hagané, 101 (2015), 74]. Computational domain was separated to lance domain and water-bath domain. Lance domain was solved as single phase of compressible gas and the result was used to inlet boundary condition of water-bath domain by volume of fluid method (VOF) solver. Large eddy simulation (LES) was used and both solver are a part of OpenFOAM, open source CFD toolkit. The time average of depth and diameter of cavity was almost consistent with the experiment. The standard deviation was 10-20% of the time average and slightly larger than that of the experiment. Simulation showed that sloshing of water surface might enhance the spitting phenomena.

著者

西浦 巖

出版者

日本脊髄外科学会

雑誌

脊髄外科 (ISSN:09146024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.221-226, 2005 (Released:2006-05-12)

参考文献数

10

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341 operated cases of lumbar disc hernia were analyzed. Cases of pure hernia were 87%, those with lumbar canal stenoses were 13%. The average age was 50.3 years-old and the male to female ratio was almost 2 to 1.The indication of surgery should be analyzed first, according to the patient's neurological status, complaints and the duration of leg pain. It also can be determined by examining the evidence of the findings of radiological images of neural compression. However, it may be also indicated, in consideration of the psychiatric aspects, excluding neurological degenerative diseases.In deciding the surgical plan, (whether it is limited to minimum surgery, or extended to the wide laminectomy), the surgeon should consider the following points; whether the patient is of working age or not, and whether his labor is physical work or not, for example.One of the other important points of surgical strategy is to make a change as promptly as possible from minimum laminotomy to the wide laminectomy, when the case of a large size hernia is accompanied with a severely narrow canal. This is in order to protect the nerve root, at the same time, as aiming for the maximum removal of the herniated tissue. Nevertheless, the rate of recurrence could not be decreased more than 2∼3%.The investigation of preoperative risk factors brings a decrease in the percentage of complications, such as, brain or heart vascular disorders, Exceptions would be postoperative infections or hematomas.