著者
佐々木 史郎
出版者
北海道大学総合博物館 = Hokkaido University Museum
雑誌
北海道大学総合博物館研究報告
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1348, pp.86-102, 2013-03

In this brief paper I will discuss the socio-economic background of the changes in circulating routes of sable and silver fox fur and techniques for hunting these animals in the Circum-Okhotsk Sea region, beginning in the seventeenth century. Sable fur and silver fox fur were highly appreciated by the Chinese, Mongolians, and Manchurians, as well as the European people. According to the historical records of the Qing dynasty (the last and largest Manchurian-established dynasty in Chinese history), the dynasty imported a large amount of sable fur and silver fox fur from the present Lower Amur region and Sakhalin. Documents show that when the dynasty had just been established at the beginning of the seventeenth century, it promptly began to organize the people into "fur tribute payers." The sable and silver fox pelts were a politically and economically important strategic commodity for the people in northeast Asia. The Qing government determined that every household of the tribute payers had to pay a piece of sable fur each year, while the government gave them, in turn, a set of rewards that consisted of cotton and silk costumes and a certain amount of cotton cloth. It also decided that those who paid 304 pieces of sable fur, 2 pieces of highest quality fur (black fox), 2 sheets of carpet made of medium quality fur (yellow-blue fox) and 4 sheets of carpet of normal quality fur (red fox) were able to marry the daughters of Manchurian officers and become kin to Manchurian aristocrats. Local hunters in the Lower Amur basin and Sakhalin made every effort to develop techniques that enabled them to acquire more sable and fox in superior conditions. Fundamentally their hunting methods and tools consisted of using traps. They used nets, dead fall traps, and snare traps, which were able to capture fur-bearing animals causing little damage. No imperfection was permitted because the users were the imperial family of China. At the same time the people of the Lower Amur region quested for another way to access the fur resource. They noticed that the Japanese were eager to buy silk costumes and cloth in return for providing high quality fur, not appreciating the value of sable and fox fur. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the Lower Amur region people developed trading routes from northeastern China to Sakhalin and Hokkaido and enthusiastically engaged through the Ainu in trade activities with the Japanese. Starting in this century, Japan became a fur export country. Situations drastically changed in the middle of the nineteenth century, when modern countries like Imperial Russia and modernized Japan accessed the regions. Modernism radically changed the local hunter's methods, equipment, and values of hunting for fur-bearing animals. Moreover, it changed the status of the local people from the privileged tribute payer to the poor "primitive" hunter-gatherers.

2 0 0 0 OA 肖像集 7

著者
〔栗原信充//画〕
出版者
巻号頁・発行日
vol.土佐光起・吉益南涯,
著者
中川 大 西村 嘉浩 波床 正敏
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木計画学研究・論文集 (ISSN:09134034)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.57-64, 1993-12-01 (Released:2010-06-04)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2 1

Since Meiji era, the population had been increasing rapidly and its distribution has been changing in Japan. On the other hand, the construction of the transportation network has been developing and it has caused the change of accessibility between regions in Japan. It is generally thought that the construction of the transportation facilities makes some contributions to the development of the regions. But in the present condition, it cannot be affirmed that it is understood accurately that the transportation has a significant effect on the regions.In this study, we surveyed the relation between the population and the sufficiency of the transportation by using all census data of all cities, towns and villages. As a result, it can be noted that the period of the construction of the transportation has a remarkable effect on the changes of their population.
著者
荒垣 龍馬 王 碩玉 三浦 直樹 姜 銀来
出版者
自動制御連合講演会
雑誌
自動制御連合講演会講演論文集 第53回自動制御連合講演会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.74, 2010 (Released:2011-02-03)

本研究室では正四面体型の無方向性全方向移動ロボットの研究を行っている.正四面体の頂点それぞれにオムニホイールを装着することによりどの面が底面であっても全方向移動できる.本報告では正四面体の底面となる三輪モデルを用いて運動学モデル・動力学モデルを算出する. PID制御によるロボットが転がって底面変化した場合の直線移動の走行シミュレーション結果を報告する.
著者
岡 順寛
巻号頁・発行日
2000

筑波大学博士 (文学) 学位論文・平成12年3月24日授与 (乙第1589号)
著者
藤田 秀 高橋 桂太 藤井 俊彰
雑誌
研究報告オーディオビジュアル複合情報処理(AVM) (ISSN:21888582)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016-AVM-95, no.16, pp.1-6, 2016-12-01

光線空間法は,光線を単位として 3 次元空間の視覚情報を記述する手法である.光線空間は一般に 4 次元信号空間となるが,その信号は特有の構造をもつ.すなわち,光線空間の 2 次元部分空間では,信号は直線状の軌跡の集合となり,局所的にみれば,それらの直線の傾きはほぼ一定となる.この性質は,光線空間の補間等の処理において有用である.本研究では,光線空間の直線状の軌跡を効率よく記述するために,スパースコーディングの枠組みを検討する.従来研究においても,光線空間のスパースコーディングが試みられてきたが,直線の傾きが局所的に一定である性質は必ずしも十分に用いられていなかった.そこで,我々は,この性質を十分に用いるため,光線空間の離散フーリエ変換 (DFT) 領域に対して,グループスパース性を導入し,より効率的に光線空間を記述する.この際,DFT 係数に対して直接グループスパース性を適用する手法と,方向別の DFT 領域を記述する shearlet 変換係数に適用する手法を提案する.また,従来提案されていた shearlet の最適化手法を見直し,解析的に行うことで性能を向上させる.
著者
亀田 裕介 岸 浩志 石川 知一 松田 一朗 伊東 晋
雑誌
研究報告オーディオビジュアル複合情報処理(AVM) (ISSN:21888582)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016-AVM-95, no.17, pp.1-5, 2016-12-01

本論文では画素毎の動き (オプティカルフロー) による時間外挿フレームを用いた複数参照フレーム動き補償予測方式を提案する.復号済みの連続 2 フレームから僅かな符号量で推定できる画素毎の動きを用いることで,ブロックごとの動きでは必ずしも適切ではない局所的な回転 ・ 拡大縮小 ・ 変形などの動きを補正することができる.ただし,外挿フレームは等速直線運動を仮定しており,またオクルージョンの悪影響もある.外挿フレームを参照ピクチャリストに追加して従来同様にブロックマッチングによる動き補償を行うことで,外挿フレームの欠点を補うことができる.可逆符号化での複数参照フレームの動き補償予測の性能評価の結果,外挿フレームを用いる提案手法の有効性と領域ごとの特性が確認できた.
著者
岡本 哲明
出版者
慶應義塾大学法学研究会
雑誌
法学研究 (ISSN:03890538)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.2, pp.447-473, 2016-02

関根政美教授退職記念号はじめにロイド=ジョージの戦後帝国共通外交政策構想カナダ, 南アフリカの戦後帝国関係構想とイギリスの戦後共通防衛外交政策構想との乖離オーストラリアの「利益共同体」観ジェリコー報告書に基づくヒューズの太平洋艦隊構想イギリスの帝国内コミュニケーション構想ヒューズの帝国内コミュニケーション構想チャナク危機から一九二三年の帝国会議へブルースの帝国内コミュニケーション・協議改革構想ロンドン駐在の豪連絡事務官制度帝国内コミュニケーション・協議の限界とその後
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経レストラン (ISSN:09147845)
巻号頁・発行日
no.314, pp.30-38, 2002-05

飲食業界でも、店長を中心に成果報酬制度の導入が進んでいる。実績に応じた分配をすることで、店長の「意識改革」を図り、業績向上のテコにしようという狙いだ。店長の年俸1000万円は、既に夢や理想ではなく、現実のものになりつつある。 店長の年俸1000万円は、グローバルダイニングだけの話ではない。 そば居酒屋「高田屋」を展開するタスコシステム。
著者
Hisanori Tokuda Toshiaki Sueyasu Hiroshi Kawashima Hiroshi Shibata Yoshihiko Koga
出版者
公益社団法人 日本油化学会
雑誌
Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.7, pp.713-721, 2017 (Released:2017-07-01)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
5

Although several studies have reported the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation on the mood in healthy adults, the effects of LCPUFA on elderly individuals remain unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that LCPUFA supplementation improves mood in the elderly. To address this hypothesis, 115 elderly Japanese men aged 55-64 years were assigned and randomly allocated to the LCPUFA or placebo group. Participants received 4 weeks of supplementation with LCPUFA-containing oil (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 300 mg/day, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 100 mg/day, arachidonic acid (ARA) 120 mg/day) or a placebo oil. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before and after supplementation as the secondary outcome in a previously performed randomized controlled trial on cognitive function. A total of 113 participants completed the supplementation period. One hundred participants (LCPUFA, n = 51; placebo, n = 49) who were eligible for evaluation of mood were analyzed. Increases in vigor scores on POMS, reflecting a positive mood, were significantly larger in the LCPUFA group than in the placebo group (LCPUFA, +1.8; placebo, −0.5). No significant differences were observed in changes in other negative mood scores between groups. DHA and ARA content in plasma phospholipids were increased by 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively, in the LCPUFA group, and were significantly larger than those in the placebo group. Dietary DHA, EPA, and ARA intake was unchanged during the study. These results suggest that LCPUFA supplementation may improve vigor (positive mood) in elderly Japanese men.
著者
阿部 眞司
出版者
高知大学
雑誌
高知医科大学一般教育紀要 (ISSN:09123083)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.1a-22a, 1994-12-10

Each of Kojiki and Nihonshoki, as a matter of course, has a world of its own. In this report, I compared Omononushigami-God in Kojiki with Omononushigami-God in Nihonshoki, and examined the special quality of Omononushigami-God in Nihonshoki. As the result, I made it clear that although Omononushigami-God in Nihonshoki was an epidemic-god who disturbed the order of the Emperor, he bacame a guardian-god of Court by being enshrined by his descendants, and that Mimoroyama-mountain-god metemorphosed into Omononushigami-God.