著者

酒井 伸 田代 睦聡 川田 峻 須川 成利

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会誌 (ISSN:13426907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.12, pp.1944-1950, 2010-12-01 (Released:2011-03-01)

参考文献数

12

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The relationship between the resolution and pixel pitch considering the optical diffraction principally caused by the lens circle aperture is discussed for the image sensor required to secure a high SNR and full well capacity for each pixel. The light diffraction of some high luminance patterns was calculated. We discuss the results for the optimization methodology of pixel pitch scaling considering the influence of the light diffraction. The performance of a CMOS image sensor with shared and small pixels and lateral overflow integration capacitor was developed based on our results. A CMOS image sensor consisting of 1/3.3 inch optical format, 3-μm pixel pitch and 1280 (H) × 960 (V) pixels was fabricated Using a 0.18-μm 2P3M CMOS technology with a buried pinned photodiode process. The sensor achieved 84μV/e- photo-electric conversion gain, 6.9×104e- full well capacity and 90 dB dynamic range in one exposure.

著者

酒井 政裕

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.1_62-1_66, 2017-01-25 (Released:2017-03-25)

著者

松居 隆 大塚 幸 酒井 浄

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.10, pp.825-837, 2000-10-01

被引用文献数

1

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One century has passed since fugu toxin was named tetrodotoxin (TTX) by Tahara. Chemical problems such as crystallization of tetrodotoxin and subsequent structure determination were solved by research groups headed by Tsuda, Hirata, Woodward, and Mosher. The International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products in Kyoto (1964) was well known as symposium which the structure of TTX was internationally clarified. Since the first isolation of toxin from taricha torosa (imori) as natural source except for fugu fishes, distribution of toxin in nature has been widely investigated. And, it was proved that toxin is not produced by fugu fishes, but rather is formed by sea bacteria (30 sp.) such as Alteromonas sp, Vibrio sp, Shewanella. However, it seems to be difficult to explain the tetrodotoxin accumulation at high concentration in fugu by only toxin production by bacteria. TTX analogues were isolated from natural origins such as crabs, fish, annelids, and algae. Based on the structure of these toxin analogues, the biosynthesis of toxin and the structure-activity relationship (Na^+ channel) were proposed by Yasumoto-Yamashita. The findings of wide distribution of toxin in nature may be attributed to development of highly sensitive detection method for toxin. The interesting proposal for the biosynthesis and the structure activity, and the detection method for toxin are outlined in this review.

著者

酒井 和幸 熊谷 大慧 阿部 五月 渡邉 洋輔 山田 直也 古川 英光 藤本 拓 南 絵里菜 光上 義朗 足立 芳史

出版者

公益社団法人 高分子学会

雑誌

高分子論文集 (ISSN:03862186)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.6, pp.539-546, 2016-11-25 (Released:2016-11-25)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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走査型顕微光散乱装置(Scanning Microscopic Light Scattering:通称SMILS)によって,代表的な吸水性高分子ゲルであるポリアクリル酸ナトリウム(PSA)ゲル,PSAゲルを酸型にしたポリアクリル酸(PAA)ゲルの内部構造評価を行った.SMILSによって得られる動的ゆらぎの緩和時間分布関数を基準に膨潤率・ヤング率を併用し,ゲルの内部構造を評価した.とくに,動的ゆらぎから得られるスケールをFluctuation Size (FS)とし,FSから算出される架橋密度(νS),膨潤率から算出される架橋密度(νW),ヤング率から算出される架橋密度(νY)を比較することにより,総合的にゲル内部の網目構造を評価した.PSAゲルにおいては,νW ,νY に対してνSは非常に大きな値となったため,SMILSで測定されるFSの値はゲルの網目サイズを直接示唆していない可能性がわかった.さらに,PSAゲルではνY>νWとなり,さらに,被吸収液の塩濃度が低くなるにつれてその差が大きくなることから,ネットワーク主鎖上のイオン基どうしの静電反発が増えるほど主鎖の剛直性が増していることが明らかになった.また,それに伴ってνSが増大する事から,今回の動的光散乱測定においてもネットワーク主鎖の剛直性がνSに影響を及ぼしていることが推察された.そのため,PSAゲルの内部構造を動的光散乱によって解析する場合には,FSの減少を考慮した適切な補正手法が必要になることが判明した.

著者

是永 論 酒井 信一郎

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

no.71, pp.107-128, 2007

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This paper attempts to understand risk, namely that of BSE in Japan from morning news programs. We analyzed broadcast from January and February 2006 that examined BSE and the ensuing ban on import of U.S. beef to Japan according to Membership Categorization Analysis. We found that each actor drew its own borders, distinguishing between "Japanese" and "Americans, " so as to make the differentiating between the observable and the accountable. We also found that actors and their actions in media coverage are coherent and consistent according to the relevancy of the situation, thus giving perspectives to the discourse.

著者

酒井 奈緒美 森 浩一 小澤 恵美 餅田 亜希子

出版者

The Japan Society of Logopedics and Phoniatrics

雑誌

音声言語医学 = The Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (ISSN:00302813)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.16-24, 2006-01-20

被引用文献数

1 2

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吃音者がメトロノームに合わせて発話すると, 流暢に話せることが知られている.その現象を利用し, 多くの訓練のなかでメトロノームが利用されてきた.しかしその効果は日常生活へと般化しづらいものであった.そこでわれわれは国内で初めてプログラム式耳掛型メトロノームを開発し, 日常生活場面において成人吃音者へ適用した.耳掛け型メトロノームは, 毎分6~200の間でテンポを設定でき, ユーザーによる微調整も可能である.また音量は20~90dBSPLの間の任意の2点を設定でき, ユーザーが装用中に切り替え可能である.1症例に対し約3ヵ月半, 発話が困難な電話場面において適用したところ, 電話場面と訓練室場面において吃症状の減少が認められた.本症例は発話が困難な電話場面を避ける傾向にあったが, 耳掛け型メトロノームの導入により, 積極的に電話ができるようになった.また自己評価の結果から, 症例自身は吃頻度以外の面での改善を高く評価していることも認められた.

著者

橋本 弥古武 久保田 英之 藁谷 至誠 原田 倫孝 小松 正佳 関口 浩司 酒井 憲司

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. D-1, 環境工学I, 室内音響・音環境, 騒音・固体音, 環境振動, 光・色, 給排水・水環境, 都市設備・環境管理, 環境心理生理, 環境設計, 電磁環境 (ISSN:13414496)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, pp.257-258, 2010-07-20

著者

酒井 浩之 増山 繁

出版者

一般社団法人 言語処理学会

雑誌

自然言語処理 (ISSN:13407619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.5, pp.207-231, 2005-10-10 (Released:2011-03-01)

参考文献数

17

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略語とその略語に対する元の語 (原型語と定義) との対応関係を, コーパスから自動的に獲得する手法を提案する.本手法は, 同一の再現率においてより高い精度を達成できるように, 我々の既提案手法 (酒井, 増山2002) を改良したものである.このような知識は, 情報検索や文書要約などにおいて有用である.本手法は, まず, 略語候補とそれに対応した原型語の候補を, それらを構成している文字情報から獲得する.そして, 略語候補と原型語の候補の名詞問類似度を計算することで, 略語とその原型語との対応関係を取得する.例えば, 略語「原発」に対して, 原型語「原子力発電所」のような対応関係を取得できる.なお, 本手法はコーパスに出現する各名詞が略語か原型語であるかどうかの情報が与えられていることを前提としていない.評価の結果, 名詞間類似度の閾値を0.4に設定した場合, 精度73.4%の結果を得た.本手法と既提案手法とを比較した結果, 同一の再現率においてより高い精度を達成し, 既提案手法よりも有効な手法であることを確認した.

著者

酒井 久裕 落合 鍾一 上野 學

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.657-664, 1989-04-01 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this work is to present results on the mechanical properties of SUJ 2 bearing steel improved by a cyclic heat treatment. The structure of thermally cycled steel consists of fine-grained ferrite particles of the size under about 2 μm containing fine cementite particles of the size about 0.2μm. Thermally cycled steel was found to be superplastic at 710°C, just below A1 temperature, at an initial strain rate of 1.67 × 10 -4s -1, i.e. elongation to failure was about 500% and the strain rate sensitivity, m value, was about 0.4. The activation energy of about 180 kJ/mol, which is nearly equal to that of grain boundary diffusion of Fe atoms in α-iron, was obtained for this plastic deformation. Furthermore the rolling contact fatigue life test was performed at room temperature under constant load. The fatigue life of SUJ 2 steel thermally cycled was found to be prolonged (about 2.5 times) as compared with that of conventional one.

著者

酒井 與喜夫

出版者

長岡技術科学大学

巻号頁・発行日

1997

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博士論文

著者

安藤 隆之 粟倉 宏子 酒井 正志

出版者

中京大学

雑誌

文化科学研究 (ISSN:09156461)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1-71, 1989-12-16

著者

門馬 拓哉 酒井 宏

出版者

一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会技術報告 (ISSN:13426893)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.23, pp.5-8, 2003-03-20

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本研究では、2次元テクスチャを付与した場合、しない場合における陰影からの3次元構造知覚について心理物理学的に検討する。これにより陰影と輪郭の相互作用を明らかにする。具体的には、単純なグラデーションを付与した円形の領域(図)に、ホワイトノイズ(WN)やランダムドット(Rnd)を付与した場合について検討した。実験により次の結果が得られた。(1)図と地の平均輝度が等しい湯合(上下方向に図/地のコントラスト極性が変化する場合)に知覚が向上する。(2)WNを図に付与すると、図が地より暗い場合は知覚が向上する。(3)Rndを図地の両方に付与すると知覚は低下する。(4)黒線で図の輪郭を囲むと、図が明るい場合には知覚が向上する。これらの結果から、テクスチャの付与等によって、図と地の境界が区別されやすくなる場合には陰影からの3次元知覚が向上し、区別しにくくなる場合には知覚が低下することが示唆された。

著者

軽米 克尊 酒井 利信

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.119-138, 2015-03-31 (Released:2016-03-31)

参考文献数

29

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The aim of this study is to clarify as much as possible the process of formation of the Jikishinkage-ryū, and by comparing that to the lineage and transmission from after its formation, to show how it has changed. Specifically, we verified whether the lineage and transmission mentioned in the scrolls written after the Jikishinkage-ryū’s formation agree with those in the formation process. First, we examined the lineage and transmission in the scrolls written after the formation of Jikishinkage-ryū, and analyzed the formation process to clarify rewritten points in its lineage. We clarified the following six points:1.Yamada Heizaemon Mitsunori referred to himself as the second generation head of Jikishinseitō-ryū, not Jikishinkage-ryū. Therefore, it is after Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato that Jikishinseitō-ryū was renamed Jikishinkage-ryū. This means there is a discrepancy between the period of the Jikishinkage-ryū’s formation and its transmission.2.Multiple discrepancies regarding names and meanings can be spotted between historical materials written by the people mentioned in the lineage of Jikishinkage-ryū, and the transmission mentioned in the scrolls written after Jikishinkage-ryū was formed. This indicates that parts of the transmission were rewritten after the formation of Jikishinkage-ryū.3.It is in the “Jikishinkage-ryū Mokuroku Kudensh” (Catalogue of techniques and oral transmission of Jikishinkage-ry) by Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato that Matsumoto Bizen-no-Kami was first recognized as the founder of Jikishinkage-ryū.4.The Enpi kata of Shinkage-ryū that originates from Kage-ryū can also be confirmed in the catalogue of techniques of Shinshinkage-ryū, although written with different kanji. Therefore, Shinshinkage-ryū can be said to have been affected by Kage-ryū via Shinkage-ryū.5.The name and meaning of each school (ryū) found in the lineage of Jikishinkage-ryū were interpreted with the consideration that the tradition bestowed by the deity of martial arts was inherited from generation to generation. This was from Matsumoto Bizen-no-Kami, the founder, to Yamada Heizaemon Mitsunori, who changed the name of the school to Jikishinkage-ryū.6.It is after Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato that the colophon “Kashima Shinden,” which shows that the style was bestowed by the deity Takemikazuchi, started to be used. It is also after Kunisato that Takemikazuchi was recognized as the originator of the school.

著者

酒井 志延 中西 千春 久村 研 清田 洋一 山内 真理 間中 和歌江 合田 美子 河内山 晶子 森永 弘司 浅野 享三 城一 道子

出版者

日本リメディアル教育学会

雑誌

リメディアル教育研究 (ISSN:18810470)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.9-20, 2010-03-31

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In this paper, 3587 college students from 13 universities were divided into three groups depending on their English proficiency, and their perceptions of language study were investigated through seven scales adapted from past literature studies. The result shows that one of the major factors which differentiate the upper from the middle and lower percentile groups is the use of meta-cognitive strategies: the lower English proficiency the learners have, the less often their use of meta-cognitive strategies becomes. It is assumed that this phenomenon is caused by learners' stages of development of meta-cognition. Accordingly, in order to improve English proficiency of the middle and lower percentile groups, it is crucial to nurture their meta-cognition.

著者

酒井 泰弘

出版者

滋賀大学経済学会

雑誌

彦根論叢 (ISSN:03875989)

巻号頁・発行日

no.第394号, pp.38-57, 2012-12 (Released:2013-01-21)

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The main purpose of this paper is to explore the economic thought of Frank H. Knight (1885-1972) with special reference to his ideas of risk and uncertainty. Knight, the “Grand Old Man” of Chicago, is one of the most influential thinker American economics has ever produced. Although hefailed to acquire many faithful followers around himself, we can see some traces of his perspective in the work of Martin Bronfenbrenner(1914-1997), a Chicago Ph.D., with whom I established a close acquaintance at Kobe and Pittsburgh. According to Knight, uncertainty must be taken categorically distinct from the familiar notion of risk. Risk means a quantity susceptible of measurement, so that it is not in effect anuncertainty at all. In contrast, uncertainty is ofthe non-quantity type in the sense that it cannotbe described by any distribution function.It is this “true” uncertainty, and not risk, whichforms the basis of a valid theory of profit. Business decisions deal with situations which are far too unique for any sort of statistical tabulation to have any value of guidance. Such true uncertainty gives the characteristic form of enterprise to economic organization as a whole and accounts for profit or the peculiar income of the entrepreneur. We live in the world of risk and uncertainty.The Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011 has demonstrated a great lesson against the myth of absolute safety, indicating the necessity of rethinking of presumably “unthinkable events.” We can learn new lessons from old teachings : The legacy of Frank H. Knight is still alive and will remain so throughout the new century.

著者

酒井 泰弘

出版者

Center for Risk Research (CRR), Shiga University

雑誌

CRR Discussion Paper

巻号頁・発行日

no.No. J-36, pp.1-22, 2013-04 (Released:2013-05-02)

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The main purpose of this paper is to critically discuss and lucidly compare J. M. Keynes (1883-1946) and F. H. Knight (1886-1972), two towering figures in the history of economic thought. It is in 1921 that they both published apparently similar books on risk, probability and uncertainty. While Knight’contribution on the economics of risk and uncertainty has been well-known and very influential in the economics profession, Keynes’ accomplishments on probability and uncertainty have been more or lessunderestimated in the dark shadow of his most famous book (1936 ) The General Theory of Unemployment, Interest and Money.The present paper aims to focus on an earlier yet equally important book (1921) A Treatise on Probability, hopefully shedding a new light on his outstanding ideas and everlasting influences on his later works including The General Theory. According to Keynes, many probabilities, which are incapable of numerical measurement, can beplaced nevertheless between numerical upper and lower limits. Keynes has demonstrated whether and to what extent animal spirits contributes to the working and performance of the market economy. Remarkably, Keynes' concept of probability anduncertainty can be well-compared to Knight's distinction between a measurable risk and a non-measurable uncertainty. I believe that it is high time for us to unify Keynes and Knight into a new, comprehensive approach to understanding complex human behavior.

著者

酒井 泰弘

出版者

滋賀大学経済学会

雑誌

彦根論叢 (ISSN:03875989)

巻号頁・発行日

no.第398号, pp.50-69, 2013-12 (Released:2014-01-14)

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The main purpose of this paper is to criticallydiscuss and lucidly compare J. M. Keynes (1883-1946) and F. H. Knight (1886-1972), two towering figures in the history of economic thought. It is in 1921 that they both published apparently similar books on risk, probability and uncertainty. While Knight’ contribution on the economics of risk and uncertainty has been well-known and very influential in the economics profession, Keynes’accomplishments on probability and uncertainty have been more or less underestimated in the dark shadow of his most famous book (1936) The General Theory of Unemployment, Interest and Money.The present paper aims to focus on an earlieryet equally important book (1921) A Treatise onProbability, hopefully shedding a new light onhis outstanding ideas and everlasting influenceson his later works including The General Theory.According to Keynes, many probabilities, which are incapable of numerical measurement, can be placed nevertheless between numerical upper and lower limits. Keynes has demonstrated whether and to what extent animal spirits contributes to the working and performance of the market economy. Remarkably, Keynes' concept of probability and uncertainty can be well-compared to Knight's distinction between a measurable risk and a non-measurable uncertainty. I believe that it is high time for us to unify Keynes and Knight into a new,comprehensive approach to very complex human behavior.

著者

酒井 泰弘

出版者

Center for Risk Research (CRR), Shiga University

雑誌

CRR Discussion Paper, Series J

巻号頁・発行日

no.No. J-47, pp.1-41, 2014-04 (Released:2014-04-16)

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本稿の問題意識の核心はこうである。市場経済のワーキングとパフォーマンスに関して、それを倫理・公平抜きに議論することが妥当であるかどうか、ということである。この点を深く掘り下げるために、先ずマッケンジー、アロー、ドブリューなどの一般均衡論の思考方式を論じる。その背後に潜む独特の美学とイデオロギーについて、詳しく吟味することが重要である。次に、市場均衡の美学に対して、異論を激しく述べてきたフランク・ナイトの考え方を述べる。その中で、競争経済における論理と倫理の関係について、視覚的かつ多角的に私見を開陳したいと思う。私がロチェスター大学にてマッケンジー先生の講義を拝聴していた頃のことである。先生が角谷の不動点定理を用いて、市場均衡解の存在を見事に証明したときに発せられた次の言葉が決して忘れることができないのだ。「おお、実に美しい!」東西冷戦の最中にあって、ソ連式の社会主義システムと米国式の資本主義システムとが激しく覇権を争っていた。厚生経済学の基本定理によれば、市場均衡はパレート最適であり、その逆も真であると言う。まさに、「真・善・美」のカント的世界がこの世に出現したかのようであった。それから40 年。1990 年におけるソ連の崩壊とともに、「経済学の東西冷戦」は終わりを告げた。それとともに、一般均衡論の美学とイデオロギーも次第に霧消していった。だが、旧来の経済学に代わるべき「新しい経済学」の建設も未だ見えない。今こそ、フランク・ナイトの異論に立ち戻り、不確実性と不完全情報の基礎の上に、総合的・学際的社会科学の建設を目指す絶好の機会が訪れていると信じている。

著者

酒井 泰弘

出版者

滋賀大学経済学会

雑誌

彦根論叢 (ISSN:03875989)

巻号頁・発行日

no.第400号, pp.82-105, 2014-06 (Released:2014-07-02)

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As the saying goes, we can learn new lessonsfrom old teachings. This paper aims to givecritical assessment of J. M. Keynes (1883-1946)and F. H. Knight (1885-1972), two great economistson probability and uncertainty. It is quiteremarkable to see that there are many contemporariesof outstanding achievement in theKeynes-Knight era: A. Marshall (1842-1924),H. Poincaré (1854-1912), M. Weber (1864-1920), Soseki Natsume (1867-1916), TorahikoTerada (1878-1935), and A. Einstein (1879-1955). While these men are somewhat differentin personality and research field, there is onething in common: They are all deep thinkersof unthinkable phenomena such as bubbles,chance, chaos, complexity, crisis, earthquakes,hazards, and sufferings.In the light of the history of economicthought, we understand that some economistsmay be micro-oriented or macro-orientedwhereas others may be concerned with certaintyor uncertainty. We find it quite convenientto classify all the economists from the time ofAdam Smith to the present day into the followingfour groups. They are:(1)micro andcertainty, (2)macro and certainty, (3)macro anduncertainty, and (4)micro and uncertainty. Inmy opinion, the first group is represented by L.W. McKenzie, an authority in general equilibriumtheory and incidentally my mentor atRochester; and the second one by Karl Marx,the founder of the Marxian school. The thirdgroup is led by J. M. Keynes, perhaps the greatesteconomist of the 20th century and theoriginator of the Keynesian school; and thefourth one by F.H. Knight, the grandfather ofthe original Chicago school.According to Torahiko Terada, a famous scientistand essayist, natural disasters will returnwhen they are out of people’s memory. Likewise,academic geniuses will return before oldheroes are out of our scene. At the beginningof the 21st century, it is quite regrettable thatneither Keynes nor Knight is in sight. We needa Keynes or a Knight in order to establish anew, synthetic social science, thus combiningeconomics, psychology, history, biology, physics,and other related fields.

著者

酒井 泰弘

出版者

滋賀大学経済学会

雑誌

彦根論叢 (ISSN:03875989)

巻号頁・発行日

no.第406号, pp.38-59, 2015-12 (Released:2016-01-04)