著者
齋藤 洋子 富山 芳丈 上甲 宏 岡安 啓介 桑原 淳 西木戸 理子 皆川 京子 海老原 次男 対馬 健祐 富田 慎二 堀田 総一 松本 尚志
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器がん検診学会
雑誌
日本消化器がん検診学会雑誌 (ISSN:18807666)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.46-60, 2014 (Released:2014-02-15)
参考文献数
32

上部消化管X線造影検査被験者755人に尿中抗H.p抗体(以下H.p)法とペプシノゲン(以下PG)法を実施し, 読影を前向きに行い, H.p法とPG法の結果と対比した。X線画像上H.p未感染相当正常胃をA1, 慢性萎縮性胃炎をC2-4とした。PG法陽性は三木の基準(PGI≦70.0ng/mlかつPGI/II≦3.0)を用いた。除菌歴なし群は651人(86.2%)であった。H.p法陰性者の割合は40歳未満75%, 40歳代61%, 50歳代44%, 60歳以上31%であった。X線画像上のA1は275人中261人(95%)がH.p法・PG法陰性であり, Cの354人中322人(91%)がH.p法・PG法のいずれが陽性であった。X線画像上H.p未感染相当正常胃粘膜症例の殆どがH.p法・PG法(三木の基準)陰性群であった。現在実施されているX線法による胃がん検診の「異常なし」の判定は, H.p未感染相当正常胃粘膜に限るべきであり, 毎年の受診勧奨は不要である。背景粘膜を読影できる医師が充足できない場合, 画像の撮影と読影が不要で簡便である, H.p法+PG法に一次スクリーニングの位置を譲ることになろう。
著者
井上 博成 KEELEY Alexander 竜太
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.8, pp.245-251, 2018-08-20 (Released:2018-08-31)
参考文献数
16

本研究は,日本における小水力発電の普及に係る障壁と課題について,事業主体の視点から明らかとすることを目的とする。筆者らが小水力発電事業実施地域に入り込み行ってきた参与観察及び小水力発電事業者への聞き取り調査とアンケート,そして先行研究を基に,小水力発電の普及に係る障壁と課題を事業主体の視点から8つ特定し,大きく次の3つのカテゴリーに整理を行った:政治的要因カテゴリー,技術・インフラ的要因カテゴリー,事業主体形成・計画・資金調達要因カテゴリー。 小水力発電事業者へのアンケートを基に,特定された各要因の重要度を,階層化意思決定法を用いて分析し,各要因の重み付けを行った。再生可能エネルギー全般において障壁となっている系統連系の問題に加えて,小水力発電には多くの許認可手続きの課題,地域住民との関わり方を含めた事業主体の形成の重要性,長期を要する開発期間の短縮のための事業計画の重要性等が確認された。これらの課題を踏まえた事業主体の形成,資金調達,そして地域住民や各種ステークホルダーとの調整を行っていくことがこれからの小水力発電の普及において重要であると考察される。本研究は,事業主体の視点に焦点をあてることによって,小水力発電の普及に係る障壁と課題を詳細に明らかにしている。
著者
畠山 望
出版者
一般社団法人 日本トライボロジー学会
雑誌
トライボロジスト (ISSN:09151168)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.10, pp.614-619, 2019-10-15 (Released:2019-10-15)
参考文献数
15

Ski wax plays an important role to improve the skiing performance. The following three functions are required for the high-performance wax: high water-repellency, low friction, and high durability. Fluorinated waxes have high water-repellent and low frictional properties; however, they are less durable. Therefore, first the high affinity paraffin is waxed to a ski running surface (ski sole) made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, then the fluorinated paraffin is over-waxed, by using a hot iron. Each wax performance especially depends on the temperature, thus the accurate measurements have been made to evaluate the absolute temperature at the interface between sole and snow during skiing. As a result, the temperature increase due to frictional heating actually depended on the type of wax.
著者
Hitoshi SUDA Gaku KOTANI Daisuke SAITO
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.E105-D, no.6, pp.1196-1210, 2022-06-01
被引用文献数
1

In this paper, we propose a new training framework named the INmfCA algorithm for nonparallel voice conversion (VC) systems. To train conversion models, traditional VC frameworks require parallel corpora, in which source and target speakers utter the same linguistic contents. Although the frameworks have achieved high-quality VC, they are not applicable in situations where parallel corpora are unavailable. To acquire conversion models without parallel corpora, nonparallel methods are widely studied. Although the frameworks achieve VC under nonparallel conditions, they tend to require huge background knowledge or many training utterances. This is because of difficulty in disentangling linguistic and speaker information without a large amount of data. In this work, we tackle this problem by exploiting NMF, which can factorize acoustic features into time-variant and time-invariant components in an unsupervised manner. The method acquires alignment between the acoustic features of a source speaker's utterances and a target dictionary and uses the obtained alignment as activation of NMF to train the source speaker's dictionary without parallel corpora. The acquisition method is based on the INCA algorithm, which obtains the alignment of nonparallel corpora. In contrast to the INCA algorithm, the alignment is not restricted to observed samples, and thus the proposed method can efficiently utilize small nonparallel corpora. The results of subjective experiments show that the combination of the proposed algorithm and the INCA algorithm outperformed not only an INCA-based nonparallel framework but also CycleGAN-VC, which performs nonparallel VC without any additional training data. The results also indicate that a one-shot VC framework, which does not need to train source speakers, can be constructed on the basis of the proposed method.
著者
佐藤 喜久一郎
出版者
育英短期大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2018-04-01

今年度は世界的な新型コロナウィルスの流行により、予定していたフィルドワーク、インタビュー調査、研究会などを全て中止することになった。本研究の情報提供者(インフォーマント)には、いわゆる「古老」や宗教者が多く、感染リスクを冒すことで地域社会に与える影響は大きい。コロナ禍以前においても、代表研究者は被調査者の健康状態やコミュニティとの関係を考慮しつつ、慎重に研究を進めてきた。まして、現在のような病気蔓延の社会状況のもとでは、よりいっそうの注意と安全対策が求められることになる。本研究においては、文書所蔵者宅への個別的な訪問、文書蔵での複数の研究者による調査活動、「古老」へのインタビューなどが必要不可欠であるが、調査を継続しようとすれば、これらの実施は必然的に「三密」となり、被調査者の健康リスクを伴うことになる。このことはきわめて危険であるため、今年度はフィールドワークを中断し、リスクを回避することに決めた。またそのこととは別に、文書の解読などの作業に当たってきた研究協力者の多くも、コロナ禍による研究環境の大きな変化によって従来のような研究活動を満足に行うことができなくなっている。そのため今年度は、フィールドワーク以外のことについても実施規模を縮小し、これまでに撮影した文書類の整理分類と比較分類など、代表研究者がひとりで行えることだけをするに留まった。本格的なインタビュー調査と、残された文字資料の写真撮影はコロナ禍の終息を待って行うことになっている。
著者
新保 正樹
出版者
The Japanese Society of Snow and Ice
雑誌
雪氷 (ISSN:03731006)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.5, pp.147-156, 1960 (Released:2009-09-04)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1 1

In the preceding paper, the author reported the outdoor observation results on the surface friction of snow. This time, it is recognized from the laboratory experiments that the changes of water content and rheological properties of snow according to air temperature are the dominant factors to control the values of friction coefficient, μs and μk, and also the roughness and film thickness of the sliding surface and penetration affect those values. Moreover, it is proved by using three different methods that the snow crystals are molten by the heat of sliding friction.From these results together with those of the preceding experiments, it is concluded that sliding on the snow surface is able to be considered simply as one of the frictional phenomena of organic or inorganic crystals near melting point and not as a characteriftic phenomena of snow.
著者
細谷 雄一
出版者
日本EU学会
雑誌
日本EU学会年報 (ISSN:18843123)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2011, no.31, pp.148-167, 2011-07-20 (Released:2013-07-20)

What was British role in the making of the Lisbon Treaty? Is Britain still “an awkward partner” in the European Union? This article aims to examine British policy towards the European Union from the failure of the ratification of European Constitutional Treaty in 2005 to the signing of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2007. Soon after the failures of the Treaty ratification both in France and in the Netherlands in June 2005, British Prime Minister Tony Blair declared to introduce “a period of reflection” to freeze the process of ratification. From the next month, Britain had hold the presidency of the European Council. Due partly to his domestic stalemate on the ratification, Blair exploited this opportunity to postpone difficult ratification of European Constitutional Treaty. This difficulty originated in Blair’s decision for a referendum on the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty in April 2004. European Constitutional Treaty which was signed on 29 October 2004 caused a big political debate in Britain. Both the Conservative Party and Eurosceptic medias represented by Rupert Murdoch criticized the government for its intention to further transfer political power to Brussels. Having faced with this serious political difficulty, Blair naturally was “off the hook”. He simply felt “the waves of relief”. Blair’s task was two-fold. First, he had to find a solution to this political stalemate as he would soon preside the European Council. Second, he was necessary to sell a new treaty to British people. To avoid a referendum, the British government needed to find a device which indicated that a new treaty was not “constitutional” one. In other words, a new treaty had to be a “reform treaty” without any new transfer of sovereignty. A new French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, supported Britain to advance towards a “reform treaty”. Both French and British governments were contended with omitting any symbol of “federalism” or “constitution”. Within British government, it was generally agreed that Britain needed to defend the “red line” which prevented further transfer of power to the European Union. After having persuaded Angela Merkel, German Chancellor, Britain successfully secured the “red line”, and this meant that British government did not have to go into a national referendum. With this “success”, the EU could reach an agreement on the drafting of the Lisbon Treaty which would become signed in December 2007. After the referendum crises of 2005, British government led the argument on the future of failed Constitutional Treaty. The answer was to save the essence of it by abandoning “federal” and “constitutional” features of the Treaty. This British policy was basically motivated by its own domestic rivalry on the future of Europe. Although Britain might be “an awkward partner” within the EU, the Labour governments tried to find out a way to go out of the crises of 2005 by abandoning some of hopes and wishes that people dreamed.
著者
内田 雅洋 大島 義行 本堂 亮
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木計画学研究・論文集 (ISSN:09134034)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.741-746, 2008-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)
参考文献数
5

本研究では、乗換駅における乗換の利便性、快適性、確実性等といった乗換環境の改善による効果を客観的かっ定量的に把握することを目指し、新幹線と在来優等列車等の幹線鉄道旅客をターゲットとして、乗換環境を規定する様々な要因を体系的に整理し、駅における乗換環境の総合的評価手法を構築することを目的とした。分析の結果、乗換環境を規定する様々な要因においては、上下移動の利便性について重要度が最も高く、同一ホーム乗換などの上下移動を解消する施策の効果が極めて大きいことが明らかとなった。また、駅施設の改良が図られた場合のケーススタディの結果、施策別の改善効果を客観的かつ定量的に把握することができた.
著者
酒井 周 高橋 徹 中村 友紀子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震工学会
雑誌
日本地震工学会論文集 (ISSN:18846246)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.1, pp.1_134-1_149, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)
参考文献数
13

梁間方向が9mであるのに対し,桁行方向が最大で84mと非常に大きい辺長比を持つ建物を対象として,強震時及び常時微動の振動観測が長期間にわたって行われた.得られた記録に対して並進振動及び捩れ振動の成分に注目してフーリエ変換を用いた解析を行い,推定される卓越振動数が季節によって変動していることを確認した.さらに,コヒーレンスが低下する現象についても検討を行い,振動性状の詳細について考察を行った.また,比較的短時間の気温変化であっても卓越振動数が変化する例が見られた.
著者
池上 充庸
出版者
Japan Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
雑誌
写真測量とリモートセンシング (ISSN:02855844)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.4, pp.17-31, 1993-09-30 (Released:2010-03-19)
参考文献数
6

The purpose of this report is to observe the internal structure of old scluptures and to measure the sizes of the nails used inside, the analytical X-ray photogrammetry utilized in this report has been studied for about 24 years. At first, the relationship between the target of X-ray tube and the object and the relationship between the target of X-ray tube and the projected point on the X-ray film were discussed. Next, the relationship between the density of X-ray film and the thickness of the wood, the voltage, the electric current and the exposure time were investigated. From the analogy between the analytical photogrammetry and analytical X-ray photogrammetry, the algorithm of the analytical X-ray photogrammetry were derived. In this report, the application of analytical X-ray photgrammetry on the wooden Buddist such as AMIDA, JUNI-SHINSHO and BISHAMONTEN, FUDOMYOO etc. were investigated. And the merits of the analytical X-ray photogrammetry are described.
著者
Masamichi YANO Masaya KATO Yoshinori IKOMA Akemi KAWASAKI Yoshino FUKAZAWA Minoru SUGIURA Hikaru MATSUMOTO Yumiko OOHARA Akihiko NAGAO Kazunori OGAWA
出版者
Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology
雑誌
Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.13-18, 2005 (Released:2006-11-01)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
51 71

To obtain the quantitative and qualitative data available for estimating the intake of carotenoids from fruits in Japan, carotenoids were analyzed with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ten carotenoids were examined in 75 raw fruits and 15 processed fruits, all of which were harvested or purchased in Japan. Phytoene was detected in 58 of 90 fruit samples ; ζ-carotene, in 50 of 90 ; lycopene, in 13 of 90 ; α-carotene, in 18 of 90 ; lutein, in 56 of 90 ; β-carotene, in 80 of 90 ; β-cryptoxanthin, in 68 of 90 ; zeaxanthin, in 58 of 90 ; all-trans-violaxanthin, in 55 of 90 ; and 9-cis-violaxanthin, in 47 of 90 samples. Citrus fruits of the mandarin type (Satsuma mandarin and its hybrids, such as tangor) were rich in β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, all-trans-violaxanthin, and 9-cis-violaxanthin ; ‘Star ruby’ grapefruit in lycopene ; loquat, Japanese persimmon, and peach in β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, all-trans-violaxanthin, and 9-cis-violaxanthin ; mango in β-carotene, all-trans-violaxanthin, and 9-cis-violaxanthin ; acerolas in phytoene ; passion fruits in ζ-carotene. Carotenoid levels in common fruits, such as apple, grape, lemon, pear, strawberry, kiwifruit, cherry, pineapple, and banana, were low.