著者

山本 緑

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.5, pp.521-526, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) refers to the use of biochemical enhancers for achieving improved mental performance in healthy individuals. One particular use of PCE prevalence is the misuse of these enhancers among university students for academic performance enhancement. The prevalence rates demonstrate the use of a broad spectrum of substances for PCE that can be classified as OTC, prescription, and illegal drugs. Given that certain substances have been widely used for years, their long-term effectiveness and side effects in the healthy population are essential to know. The question of safety and efficacy or benefit versus risk is not only of individual and societal interest but also bears implications for regulatory and policy decision-making. As far as safety is concerned, there is a particular problem with healthy children, whose brains are still in development. Soft enhancers, such as energy drinks, might be commonly used worldwide. Performance pressure, stress, and psychiatric disorders may be associated with PCE use and need to be considered when planning anti-PCE-themed educational activities. In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing; however, it is doubtful whether we should welcome the use of PCEs for the support of work productivity or the improvement of our life quality. Societal discussions on PCE might give an opportunity to consider a meaningful life in all aspects.

著者

西原 礼之助

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.8, pp.653-658, 1980-08-15 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

21

著者

中川 隆之 飯田 慶 喜多 知子 西村 幸司 大西 弘恵 山本 典生

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2020-04-01

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哺乳類とは異なり、鳥類の聴覚器官である基底乳頭では、有毛細胞再生が自発的に誘導され、聴覚機能も再生される。鳥類とは異なり、哺乳類では有効性が期待できるレベルの聴覚機能再生は報告されていない。近年、鶏に関する遺伝子情報が充実し、網羅的遺伝子解析手法を用いて、これまで困難であった鳥類における有毛細胞再生に関連する遺伝子およびシグナルの詳細な分子生物学的解析が可能となった。鳥類における旺盛な有毛細胞再生機構を哺乳類における有毛細胞再生活性化に応用し、哺乳類蝸牛における有毛細胞再生効率を向上させ、新しい感音難聴治療薬開発につなげる。

著者

剱物 充 小泉 益朗 永山 善久

出版者

日本理学療法士協会(現 一般社団法人日本理学療法学会連合)

雑誌

理学療法学Supplement Vol.35 Suppl. No.2 (第43回日本理学療法学術大会 抄録集)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.B0666, 2008 (Released:2008-05-13)

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【目的】出生体重1000g未満の超低出生体重児は、近年の出生数増加と救命率の向上の一方、いかに障害なき生育に導くかが課題の1つといわれている。我々は、超低出生体重児の運動発達の経緯を調査し、理学療法(以下PT)施行上の要点について検討したので報告する。【方法】対象は平成16年10月から平成18年10月までの2年間に当院新生児医療センター(以下NICU)に入院した超低出生体重児41例中、脳性麻痺の診断を受けず、独歩獲得までフォローできた19例である。方法は以下の3点について調査した。1)対象群をNICU入院中からPTを開始した群と対照群に分類し、周産期状況として在胎週数、出生体重、入院期間、IMV施行日数、アプガースコア(1分)、同(5分)、そして呼吸窮迫症候群と新生児慢性肺疾患の罹患率を比較した。2)対象群を在胎27週未満と27週以上の2群に分類し、独歩獲得時の修正年齢を比較した。また対象群を出生体重750g未満と750g以上の2群に分類し、同様に独歩獲得時修正年齢を比較した。3)対象群をNICU入院中からPTを開始した群と外来でPT開始した群、そしてPT施行なしの3群に分類し、頸定、肘這い位、寝返り、床上座位、四つ這い移動、つかまり立ち、つたい歩き、独歩の各発達指標到達時の修正年齢を比較した。尚、2群間の比較にはマン・ホイットニ検定を、3群間の比較には一元配置分散分析法を、そして独立性の検定にはフィッシャーの直接確立計算法を用いた。【結果】1)周産期状況の比較では、出生体重においてNICU入院時PT開始群(n=5,607.2±92.0g)と対照群(n=14,833.1±116.5g)との間で有意差が認められた(p<0.05)。その他の項目では有意差は認められなかった。2)独歩獲得時修正年齢の比較では、在胎27週未満群(n=11)と27週以上群(n=8)の間に有意差は認められなかった。また、出生体重750g未満群(n=10)と750g以上群(n=9)との間にも有意差は認められなかった。3)NICU入院時PT開始群(n=5)、外来時PT開始群(n=5)、PTなし群(n=9)の3群間における各発達指標到達時修正年齢についても有意差は認められなかった。【考察】独歩を獲得する超低出生体重児の運動発達は、各発達指標の到達状況からみると比較的順調な経緯を辿るといえる。しかし運動発達に関するハイリスク児としてPTが開始される場合、筋緊張や姿勢・動作パターンなど様々な問題点を体験する。Lailaによれば在胎32週未満の児では、特に縦方向への移動において、満期産児と比べバランス反応における筋出力で問題を生じるとしている。一方、これらの状況には精神発達遅滞(以下MR)の関与を窺わせる例も存在する。Shepherdによれば、MR自体の重症度にも依存するが、早期の介入が発達を刺激する効果を持つとし、腹臥位の重要性や、固有感覚入力による運動促通などについて指摘している。PTではこれらの点を考慮し、両親を巻き込みながら支援していくことが要点の1つではないかと考えられる。

著者

森 大河 伝 康晴

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.IDS-H_1-12, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

参考文献数

38

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In human-human interactions, a listener uses both verbal tokens and head nods for responding signals, and they frequently co-occur. When humanoid robots and anthropomorphic agents response to a user using verbal tokens and head nods simultaneously, they must be generated in proper timing to each other and have consistent features. In this paper, we propose models to predict co-occurrence and physical features of head nods based on prosodic and syntactic features of verbal response tokens. We used, as predictive variables, the forms, positions, durations, averages/standard deviations of fundamental frequency and loudness of response tokens and head positions at the beginning of response tokens. In addition, considering participation framework, we also used speaker's gaze and listener's gaze at the beginning of response tokens, and applied generalized mixed models to predict the co-occurrence, type, range, repetition and velocity of head nods. The results confirmed that proposed models can predict these outcomes effectively.

著者

三野 星弥 吉川 雄一郎 伴 碧 石黒 浩

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.IDS-I_1-14, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2

---

The goal of this study is to realize a non-task-oriented dialogue agent that is accepted by people in the long term. One approach is using a dialogue strategy in which an agent shares information about other users who are not participating in the current dialogue. This study aims to develop a chatbot that is capable of sharing information about others and to examine its usefulness as well as its problems such as privacy concerns using a long-term empirical experiment in a real-world environment. The result of a 14-day experiment with 120 participants suggested that the usefulness of this dialogue strategy lies in its ability to maintain users’ motivation to interact with the agent and prevent them from having the impression that the agent is mechanical. However, irrespective of the presence of this dialogue strategy, it was suggested that the users were concerned about their privacy to the agent that collected their information on a daily basis. Based on these results, we discussed the relationship between the interestingness of the shared information and the users’ privacy concerns.

著者

清田 陽司

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.393-394, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

著者

薛 強 滝口 哲也 有木 康雄

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.IDS-C_1-9, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

参考文献数

16

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Generation-base dialogue system tends to produce generic response sentences. In order to improve the diversity of response sentences by the generation-base dialogue system, the response text retrieved by the retrieval-base model can be input to the generation-base model as reference response text, so that the generation-base model can generate highly diverse response sentences. However, the prior works show that the generation-base dialogue system often ignores the reference response text, resulting in the response sentences that is unrelated to the reference response text. In this work, we propose the Dialogue-Filling method, which can utilize 100% of the reference response text by masking the response sentences with a text-filling technique. We built variants of Dialogue-Filling method with DialoGPT model. Experiments on the DailyDialog Dataset demonstrate that our Dialogue-Filling method outperforms the baseline method on the dialogue generation task.

著者

藤江 真也 船越 孝太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.363, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

著者

松縄 朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

まてりあ (ISSN:13402625)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.4, pp.412-419, 1995-04-20 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

3 1

著者

宮本 友樹 永井 望 満田 雄斗 磐下 大樹 遠藤 水紀 鈴木 章弘 片上 大輔

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.IDS-G_1-16, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)

参考文献数

37

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In this paper, we propose the “Risky Politeness Strategy (RPS)” as a framework of utterance strategy focusing on risk-taking in dialogue systems. In previous research, it has been reported that it is useful to implement politeness strategies that have risks such as jokes and compliments in dialogue systems. On the other hand, a design theory for effectively implementing risk-taking utterance strategies in dialogue systems has not been established. Against this background, we defined RPS with reference to politeness/impoliteness research in the fields of linguistics. In addition, we developed a rule-based dialogue system and an example-based dialogue system to implement the RPS in a non-task-oriented dialogue. User evaluations were conducted through the preliminary rounds of the Dialogue System Live Competition 2 and 3. The results of the user evaluations showed that the rule-based and example-based RPS-speaking non-task-oriented dialogue systems were able to engage in dialogue that was evaluated by the user as having humanity. Therefore, the usefulness of implementing RPS in non-task-oriented dialogue systems has been shown at a certain level.

著者

兼村 星志 柴田 昌三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.473-478, 2018-03-30 (Released:2018-07-17)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1

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This research investigates the technique for cherry trees maintenance in the early 20th century by literature, especially articles of “Sakura- Japanese Cherry Blossoms (Journal)” (1918-1943) which was published by Society of Cherry Tress. As a result, the total number of articles was 444, and these included 47 articles about technique for cherry tree maintenance. These 47 articles mainly revealed the following 5 categories: “Pruning”, “Fertilizing”, “Planting”, “Conservation”, and “Pests Management”. In addition, the contents of descriptions in 47 articles were fundamentally equivalent to the present recognition. However, some technique had been evolving from the early 20th century to present with diversifications of machinery and materials. The results and considerations in this research are important for keep improving the technique of cherry trees maintenance in the future.

著者

小杉 亮子

出版者

Tohoku University

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-25

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要約のみ

著者

杉渕 忠基

出版者

亜細亜大学総合学術文化学会

雑誌

亜細亜大学学術文化紀要 (ISSN:13470248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.95-132, 2011

著者

比叡山専修院附属叡山学院 編

出版者

比叡山図書刊行所

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2巻, 1926

著者

[本木良意 訳]

巻号頁・発行日

1772

著者

Taesung Ko Uichul Jeong Kwanwoo Lee

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.87-91, 2010 (Released:2010-03-19)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

17 16

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a cranio-cervical flexor exercise and thoracic mobilization are effective for muscular endurance (Endurance), visual analog scale (VAS) pain, and neck disability index (NDI) of patients with chronic neck pain. [Subjects] The subjects in this study were 53 patients who had chronic neck pain. [Methods] The experimental group (n=27) did both cranio-cervical flexor exercises and thoracic mobilizations and the control group (n=26) did cranio-cervical flexor exercises. [Results] A paired t-test analysis revealed significant pre-post score changes within both groups. The 2-way group time interaction for the repeated measures ANOVA was statistically significant for Endurance, VAS and NDI. The experimental group showed greater improvement in Endurance, with a between-group difference of 14.26 seconds, VAS pain, with a between-group difference of 2.02 points, and NDI, with a between-group difference of 2.07 points. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the combination of thoracic mobilization with cranio-cervical flexor exercise was more effective at increasing Endurance and reducing VAS pain and NDI.

著者

Kwan-Woo Lee Won-Ho Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.175-180, 2016 (Released:2016-01-30)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

8 19

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[Purpose] To investigate the effects of thoracic manipulation and deep craniocervical flexor training on the muscle strength and endurance, range of motion, and the disability index of the neck of patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-six patients with chronic neck pain participated. They received an intervention for 35 minutes a day, three times a week for 10 weeks. Subjects were randomly assigned to one control and two experimental groups: group A (thoracic manipulation combined with deep craniocervical flexor training, n=16), group B (deep craniocervical flexor training, n=15), and group C (active self-exercise as a control group, n=15). Muscle strength and endurance, pain, neck disability index, and range of motion of the cervical and thoracic spine were measured before and after the intervention. [Results] Group A showed significant increases in muscle strength, endurance, and cervical and thoracic range of motion, and significant decreases in the pain and neck disability index, compared with groups B and C. [Conclusion] Although deep craniocervical flexor training is effective at improving neck function, thoracic manipulation combined with deep craniocervical flexor training was a more effective intervention for pain relief and improving the range of motion, muscle function, and neck disability of patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain.

著者

大久保 忠旦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.12, pp.764-766, 1970-12-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

高橋 徹三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会

雑誌

日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.113-121, 1989-04-10 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

1 1