- 著者
-
Seiji Adachi
- 出版者
- ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
- 雑誌
- Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.38, no.1, pp.14-22, 2017-01-01 (Released:2017-01-01)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
-
2
2
A minimal model explaining intonation anomaly, or pitch sharpening, which can sometimes be found in baroque flutes, recorders, shakuhachis etc. played with cross-fingering, is presented. In this model, two bores above and below an open tone hole are coupled through the hole. This coupled system has two resonance frequencies ω±, which are respectively higher and lower than those of the upper and lower bores ωU and ωL excited independently. The ω± differ even if ωU= ωL. The normal effect of cross-fingering, i.e., pitch flattening, corresponds to excitation of the ω--mode, which occurs when ωL⪆ωU and the admittance peak of the ω--mode is higher than or as high as that of the ω+-mode. Excitation of the ω+-mode yields intonation anomaly. This occurs when ωL⪅ωU and the peak of the ω+-mode becomes sufficiently high. With an extended model having three degrees of freedom, pitch bending of the recorder played with cross-fingering in the second register has been reasonably explained.