著者
田上 善夫
出版者
富山大学人間発達科学部
雑誌
富山大学人間発達科学部紀要 (ISSN:1881316X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.55-72, 2007-11

To clarify the relation between mountain and people, the facilities of mountain worship were investigated.The main results of this study are as follows: 1. Mountains are deeply related with people in its surrounding area.Sometimes they are considered to be non-daily places. 2. Amountain that has some characteristic forest, rock or abundant water is considered as the holy mountain. It was assumed to have profits of charm for preventing flood, fire or theft, and people pray for rain and wealth. 3. Ancestors were enshrined as gods in the holy mountain. On Buddhism, hell and paradise were thought to appear in the high mountain. Moreover, after the death, the soul was supposed to go there. 4. The sacred place was founded around the holy mountain and the pilgrim age was done. In the background of establishing sacred place, there was also a strategy of statesmen. 5. Special village was sometimes formed around the holy mountain. The group to climb up the holy mountain was formed, and accommodations were offered for their convenience. 6.As for the gods related to mountains, there is a great difference in its distribution density. Moreover, the group to climb up the holy mountain and the accommodations are unique in various places. It may show regional originality of the mountain worship.山岳と人々のかかわりを明らかにするために,とくに山岳周辺における信仰施設について,調査を行った。まずいくつかの中央日本の霊山をとりあげてその実態を紹介した。また広域における,山岳に関連する信仰施設の分布を明らかにした。さらに山岳の信仰施設の開創と変容に関して検討を行なった。本論での主要な成果は,以下のとおりである。1.中央日本のいくつかの山岳周辺でみられるように,山岳は周辺の人々と深くかかわる。一方で,山岳は非日常的な場とみなされている。2.とくに霊山とよばれる山は,特徴的な森や岩,また豊富な水などの地である。そこは風水害や火難・盗難などの厄除け,また雨乞いや商売繁盛の現世利益があるとされた。3.霊山には古くは祖先が神として祀られた。高い山中には仏教的な地獄・極楽が観想された。また人々は死後に霊として行く先と考えられてきた。4.霊山とその周辺地域には霊場が開創されて巡拝が行われた。多数の札所がまとまる背景には,為政者による寺社秩序の形成もあった。5.特定の霊山には,その信仰とかかわる集落が形成されることがあった。集落の人々の活動により,霊山に登拝する講が作られ,宿坊が提供されて参拝者の便宜がはかられた。6.山岳にかかわる神々の分布は,各地で粗密の差が大きい。また山岳講や宿坊も各地で特有のものがある。それらは,山岳信仰の地域的な独自性を示している。各地の山岳は,高く聳え,また水源でもあり,人々は山岳にさまざまな思いを抱いて望んだと考えられる。もともと各地にあった民間信仰に,さまざまな神道,仏教,修験道がかかわり,一定の体裁や様式が整えられた。また山岳は霊場や登拝講の対象として,山岳周辺の広域ともかかわった。歴史時代の神仏は大きく変容し,霊山も明治期に大きな影響を受けるが,山岳がその後も巡礼や登拝の対象として存続したことは,それが自然にもとづくとともに,民間信仰であることが大きいと考えられる。
著者
Sho FUKUI Norihiko OOYAMA Jun TAMURA Mohammed Ahmed UMAR Tomohito ISHIZUKA Takaharu ITAMI Kenjiro MIYOSHI Tadashi SANO Kazuto YAMASHITA
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.15-0666, (Released:2017-01-21)
被引用文献数
14

Maropitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, may provide analgesic effects by blocking pharmacological action of substance P. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for pain control in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of maropitant and carprofen on the minimum alveolar concentration for blunting adrenergic response (MAC-BAR) of sevoflurane in dogs. Six healthy adult beagle dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane four times with a minimum of 7-day washout period. On each occasion, maropitant (1 mg/kg) alone, carprofen (4 mg/kg) alone, a combination of maropitant (1 mg/kg) and carprofen (4 mg/kg), or saline (0.1 ml/kg) was subcutaneously administered at 1 hr prior to the first electrical stimulation for the sevoflurane MAC-BAR determination. The sevoflurane MAC-BAR was significantly reduced by maropitant alone (2.88 ± 0.73%, P=0.010), carprofen alone (2.96 ± 0.38%, P=0.016) and the combination (2.81 ± 0.51%, P=0.0003), compared with saline (3.37 ± 0.56%). There was no significant difference in the percentage of MAC-BAR reductions between maropitant alone, carprofen alone and the combination. The administration of maropitant alone and carprofen alone produced clinically significant sparing effects on the sevoflurane MAC-BAR in dogs. However, the combination of maropitant and carprofen did not produce any additive effect on the sevoflurane MAC-BAR reduction. Anesthetic premedication with a combination of maropitant and carprofen may not provide the sparing effect on anesthetic requirement in dogs.
著者
文部省社会教育局 [編]
出版者
文部省
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第1輯 (全国農村娯楽状況), 1931
著者
ガブラコヴァ デンニツァ
出版者
現代文芸論研究室
雑誌
れにくさ
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.50-62, 2009-03-30

論文
著者
奥窪 朝子
出版者
大阪教育大学
雑誌
大阪教育大学紀要. II, 社会科学・生活科学 (ISSN:03893456)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, pp.101-104, 1971

冬期の着衣量に及ぼす諸要因の影響を,女子大学生254名のうち,体調良好で,温熱感覚が快適であると答えた者103名について,数量化理論を応用して検討した。着衣量は最小291g/m^2,最大1014g/m^2で,極めて幅広の分布を示し,皮脂厚,厚着の習慣および耐寒性との偏相関係数はそれぞれ0.41,0.36および0.30で,有意の相関が認められた。スポーツ実施の有無,食の好み,身体精神的自覚症数,性格(情緒安定性,向性)母の年令および末っ子か否か等の要因との間の相関は有意でなかった。実測着衣量と皮脂厚,厚着の習慣および耐寒性に関して求められた重みによって算出した予測着衣量との相関係数は0.58であった。それら3要因によって着衣量の個人差がかなりまで説明されるように思われるが,決して十分とはいえないであろう。The subjects were 103 female college students who replied to be in the best health and comfortable in thermal feeling. The items adopted were as follows; skinfold thickness, cold-resistance, habit of heavy dressing, sportsman or not, liking about food, physical and mental complaints, emotion and aptitude, age of mother and youngest child or not. For the statistical analysis Hayashi's theory of quantification was applied. The significant partial correlation was recognized between weight of clothing being worn and skinfold thickness, habit of heavy dressing, cold-resistance, respectively. With the other items, however, no significant correlation was recognized. The correlation coefficient between values determined and those estimated applying the weight-values given to each category of skinfold thickness, habit of heavy dressing and cold-resistance was 0.58, showing that there must be other items which have been left out.
著者
宮岡 健 中島 康晴 保科 隆之 松田 秀一 窪田 秀明 岩本 幸英
出版者
West-Japanese Society of Orthopedics & Traumatology
雑誌
整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.2, pp.229-233, 2012

【目的】BCG骨関節炎の3例を報告する.【症例1】1歳7カ月の女児 生後4カ月でのBCGワクチン接種後13カ月で右膝の腫脹,疼痛を生じた.右大腿骨遠位に骨端線をまたぐ骨透亮像が存在し,生検を施行.抗酸菌培養およびMultiplex PCR法にてBCG Tokyo株が同定された.化学療法に抵抗性あったため,病巣掻爬術を施行した.【症例2】10カ月の男児 ワクチン接種後6カ月で右膝関節炎発症.2回の掻爬術後にPCRにて同定された.化学療法にて治癒した.【症例3】1歳6カ月の男児 ワクチン接種後13カ月で右足関節に腫脹,疼痛出現.右距骨骨髄炎を疑い,病巣掻爬術施行.抗酸菌培養およびPCRにて診断され,術後化学療法にて治癒した.【考察】BCG骨関節炎はワクチン接種後に発生する稀な病態であるが,小児の骨関節炎では鑑別診断に挙げる必要があり,抗酸菌培養およびPCR法が診断の決め手となる.
著者
中澤 務
出版者
関西大学文化財保存修復研究拠点
雑誌
Semawy Menu
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, pp.105-115, 2013-03-04

In this essay I discusss the academic debate called the Black Athena Debate. This debate was initiated by the publication of Martin Bernal's Black Athena in 1987. This book rejects the orthodox model that Aryans founded ancient Greek civilization and proposes a new model. Bernal agrgues that the orthodox model had been formulated through the many prejudices of modern Europe. I examine the debate in detail and conclude that Bernal's model has as many flaws and problems as his rival's model making both models untenable. However, Bernal's contention that the images of ancient civilization have been biased by many prejucices of modern Europe is Basically correct.
著者
末内 啓子
出版者
財団法人 日本国際政治学会
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1992, no.101, pp.90-105,L10, 1992-10-24 (Released:2010-09-01)
参考文献数
56

Studies of International Relations have been undergoing debates for some time. Contrasting views of international relations have resulted in debates, such as those between idealists and realists over norms and objectivity, and between traditionalists and behavioralists over history via-a-vis science. Recently, the influence of “critical theory, ” which examines relations between a theory and its norms, challenges the mainstream of International Relations, which has pretended to separate itself from values. For instance, recent studies by Robert Cox, R. B. J. Walker, Richard K. Ashley, and Mark Hoffman assert that any theory in the field of International Relations is bound to values and history. These studies try to examine the assumptions and the nature of theories in International Relations.Under the influence of the recent development of studying the relations between norms and theory in International Relations, this paper analyzes state-centric models in the tradition of realism (i. e. H. J. Morgenthau) and neorealism (i. e. Robert O. Keohane, Kenneth N. Waltz, and Robert Gilpin). This analysis encompasses questions such as: what are the theorists' views of international relations? What are the normative values underlining their views? How are these explanations and values related to each other in each theory?The state has been seen as the most significant actor in the mainstream of International Relations, including realism which sees international relations as a competition among states, and neorealism which recognizes the increasing importance of international economic issues and international regimes during the era of declining U. S. hegemony. The state continues to be described as a rational actor, and at the same time as an indispensable actor in international relations. Both realism and neorealism are based on their assumptions of the separation between theory and norm and are engaged in their pursuits of science. As natural scientists pursue the control of nature, realists and neorealists consider that their science of international relations will provide practical tools to create order and stability out of international relations, which are seen as originally anarchic.This examination argues that despite their pretension to value-neutrality, objectivity, scientific outlook, and rationality, the mainstream studies in International Relations are heavily grounded in values. The separation of values and methods create a norm of analytical supremacy and scientific rationality which give the illusion of control over international relations. Realism and neorealism also eliminate challenges to themselves by asserting their “scientific” legitimacy. Accordingly, the dominance of state-centric models in realism and neorealism resulted in their peculiar structure of logic and justification, leaving the field undeveloped in terms of critical challenges to these approaches.Therefore, this analysis concludes that it is essential to examine the nature of relations between theory and norms within theories. This attempt encourages the examination of these models by challenging their premises. This approach would not immediately invent an “alternative” theory; yet, it is a significant beginning to the reassessment of the state of the field and the consideration of theoretical alternatives. Accordingly, it is essential to create an analytical dialogue with these theories and to examine the textures of theories which weave together norms, values, and ideas within a historical context.
著者
加藤 學
出版者
日経サイエンス
雑誌
日経サイエンス (ISSN:0917009X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.9, pp.16-28, 2007-08

人類初の月着陸から約40年が過ぎた今夏,アポロ計画以来の本格的な探査機が月に旅立つ。開発したのは日本で,種子島からH2Aロケットで打ち上げられる。アポロ計画はギリシャ神話の太陽の神の名前に由来するが,今度の探査計画は月の女神にちなみセレーネ(SELENE)と略称される。
著者
濱田 吉郎 大谷 崇 木田 隆 長塩 知之
出版者
The Japan Joint Automatic Control Conference
雑誌
自動制御連合講演会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, pp.138-138, 2005

静止3トン級大型柔軟構造衛星ETS-VIIIは,2006年度にH2Aロケットで打ち上げられる予定である.筆者らは,この衛星の後期利用段階における,先端制御理論を用いた衛星姿勢制御技術の実証実験を提案しており,複数の制御則について衛星への適用可能性について検討を進めている.本講演では,検討結果のうち,ゲインスケジューリング制御則による姿勢制御について報告する.
著者
鈴木 基行 秋山 充良 山崎 康紀 松中 亮治 土井 充
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集 = Proceedings of JSCE (ISSN:02897806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.648, pp.9-21, 2000-05-20
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

本研究では, 信頼性理論に基づき, 地震開始時から任意時刻までにおける構造物および構成部材の破壊確率を算定する手法, およびマルコフ過程を用い構造物の破壊確率および構成部材の損傷確率を算定する手法を提案した. 提案された手法は, 破壊確率と損傷確率により構造物および構成部材の破壊と損傷の時間的推移を定量的に評価できる特徴を有する. さらに, 提案された手法に基づき, 支承 ―RC橋脚― 杭基礎から構成される橋梁システムの地震時における安全性評価を行い, 支承, 橋脚, 杭基礎の破壊および損傷が橋梁システムの安全性に及ぼす影響について検討した.