著者
Ui Sadaharu Hosaka Takeshi Watanabe Kazuhide MIMURA AKlO
出版者
公益社団法人日本生物工学会
雑誌
Journal of fermentation and bioengineering (ISSN:0922338X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.1, pp.79-83, 1998-01-25
被引用文献数
3

A mechanism of 2, 3-butanediol(BD)stereoisomer formation was examined with respect to the BD cycle. The enzymes acetylacetoin synthase, acetylacetoin reductase(AACR), and acetylbutanediol hydrolse(ABDH), which are part of the BD cycle, were found to be present in the cell-free extract of the bacterial strain Bacillus cereus YUF-4, Two kinds of acetylbutanediol(ABD)stereoisomers were produced ill the reduction oF acetylacetoin(AAC)by AACR, which were identified as having 3R, 4R and 3S, 4R configurations by NMR spectroscopy and an enzymic method. The tyro ADD formations were found to be catalyzed independently by two respective enzymes: the former was catalyzed by a NADPH-dependent AACR(3R, 4R-ABD forming)and the latter by a NADH-dependent AACR(3S, 4R-ABD forming). The 3R, 4R-ABD was converted into R, R-BD and the 3S, 4R-ABD into R, S-BD by intracellular ABDH These findings demonstrated the existence of a new BD isomer formation mechanism derived from the BD cycle.
著者
Ayumu Hirata Hiroki Funato Megumi Nakai Michiro Iizuka Noriaki Abe Yusuke Yagi Hisashi Shiraishi Kohei Jobu Junko Yokota Kahori Hirose Masamitsu Hyodo Mitsuhiko Miyamura
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.7, pp.1107-1111, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-01)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
9

We previously prepared and pharmaceutically evaluated ginger orally disintegrating (OD) tablets, optimized the base formulation, and carried out a clinical trial in healthy adults in their 20 s and 50s to measure their effect on salivary substance P (SP) level and improved swallowing function. In this study, we conducted clinical trials using the ginger OD tablets in older people to clinically evaluate the improvements in swallowing function resulting from the functional components of the tablet. The ginger OD tablets were prepared by mixing the excipients with the same amount of mannitol and sucrose to a concentration of 1% ginger. Eighteen healthy older adult volunteers aged 63 to 90 were included in the swallowing function test. Saliva was collected before and 15 min after administration of the placebo and ginger OD tablets. Swallowing endoscopy was performed by an otolaryngologist before administration and 15 min after administration of the ginger OD tablets. A scoring method was used to evaluate the endoscopic swallowing. Fifteen minutes after taking the ginger OD tablets, the salivary SP amount was significantly higher than prior to ingestion or after taking the placebo (p<0.05). Among 10 subjects, one scored 1–3 using the four evaluation criteria. Overall, no aspiration occurred and a significant improvement in the swallowing function score was observed (p<0.05) after taking the ginger OD tablets. Our findings showed that the ginger OD tablets increased the salivary SP amount and improved swallowing function in older people with appreciably reduced swallowing function.
著者
東垣内 徹生
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.1, pp.33-38, 1998-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
9

Two experiments were designed to examine the way Chinese characters (Kanji) are identified. In the first experiment, subjects reported whether the stimulus was a correct character or a pseudo-character. The decision latencies were longer when parts of characters (Bushu) were rotated than when whole characters were rotated. If whole-shape cues of Chinese characters contribute to identification, distortions of these shapes by partial rotation should have negative effects on the recognizability of characters. The results of the first experiment supported this expectation. In the second experiment, subjects reported whether the stimulus was a two-letter-word or a nonword. In this case, the latencies when the whole stimulus was rotated did not differ from the latencies when only one character was rotated. These results suggested that identification of words written in Chinese characters did not rely on word-shape cues.
著者
Ziqiang Huang Yonggang Zhou Wei Chai Weiping Ji Guopeng Cui Miaoqun Ma Yin Zhu
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.7, pp.1953-1956, 2016 (Released:2016-07-29)
参考文献数
16

[Purpose] To study preoperative and postoperative hip circumference data of various types of congenital dysplasia of the hip treated with total hip replacement, including the femoral offset, femoral neck length, height, and hip abductor arm parameters. [Subjects and Methods] This study included seventy-eight cases of congenital dysplasia of the hip (I–III type). Furthermore, four parameters were measured, including the preoperative and postoperative femoral offset. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SPSS 13.0 software. [Results] The femoral offset was 33.3 ± 8.4 mm (preoperative) and 39.1 ± 7.1 mm (postoperative). The femoral head height was 59.5 ± 8.7 mm (preoperative) and 68.8 ± 11.0 mm (postoperative). The femoral neck length was 50.8 ± 10.8 mm (preoperative) and 61.5 ± 10.4 mm (postoperative). The hip abductor arm was 54.3 ± 9.6 mm (preoperative) 64.7 ± 10.1 mm (postoperative). The preoperative and postoperative parameters showed statistical differences. Furthermore, no significant differences were evidenced when comparing the postoperative hip parameters with the normal data parameters. [Conclusion] Total hip replacement on congenital dysplasia of the hip could lead to the rebuilt of an almost normal physiological anatomy for each hip case (type I–III).

2 0 0 0 群書解題

出版者
続群書類従完成会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第1巻 中 (神祗部 中), 1962
著者
谷亀 高広 大和 政秀 鈴木 彰 岩瀬 剛二
出版者
日本菌学会
雑誌
日本菌学会大会講演要旨集 日本菌学会50周年記念大会
巻号頁・発行日
pp.175, 2006 (Released:2007-06-05)

ヒメノヤガラ (Chamaegastrodia sikokiana)は本州、四国、九州のモミ林や、カシ林に自生する無葉緑ラン科植物の1種である。本研究では、ヒメノヤガラの生活様式の解明と増殖・保全を目的とし、菌根菌の種同定とその性質について研究を行った。供試植物は千葉県天津小湊町清澄山(優占樹種 モミ)産の3株と、高知県越智町横倉山(優占樹種 アカガシ、スギ)産の1株とした。菌根菌の分離培養では、一般にラン型菌根菌の分離に使用されるCzapek・Dox+酵母エキス寒天培地ではコイル状菌糸からの菌糸の伸長が見られなかったことから、外生菌根菌培養用の培地として知られるMMN培地を用いた。その結果、計17系統の菌根菌が分離された。これらの培養菌株からCTAB法によりDNAを抽出し、rDNAのITS領域をPCRにより増幅し、得られた塩基配列をもとに相同性検索を行い、系統解析を行なった。その結果、分離菌株は担子菌類のCeratobasidiaceae、いわゆるRhizoctoniaと相同性があることが確認された。また、自生地の状況や分離菌株がMMN培地で生育したことから、これらの菌根菌が樹木に外生菌根を形成するのではないかと考えられた。そこで、得られた菌株の内、清澄山産の供試植物より分離された2系統について、同自生地における優占種のモミに対し、接種試験を行った。分離菌株を液体MMN培地で培養し、滅菌土壌で生育させたモミ苗の根元に埋設させたところ、1ヶ月後に外生菌根が形成された。さらに、形成された外生菌根から得られたDNAを解析したところ、接種した菌株であることが確認された。このことから、ヒメノヤガラは、樹木に外生菌根を形成するRhizoctonia属菌を菌根菌として生育することが明らかとなった。外生菌根を形成するRhizoctonia属菌と無葉緑ラン科植物との共生関係については、海外では数例が報告されているが、日本国内では初めての報告である。
著者
中西 哲
出版者
日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.4, pp.165-170, 1957-03-15

An investigation was made in the precincts of Kasuga shrine in Nara City to ascertain the floristic composition in relation to the environment of the epipetric plant community growing on Ishidoro (the stone-lantern pillars) there. 1. The epipetric plant communities found within the area are integrated into Hypneto-Hedwigietum with the following characteristic species ; Hedwigia albicans (WEB.) LINDB., Hypnum plumaeforme WILS., H. plumaeforme var. minus BROTH. and Grimmia pilifera PALIS. This plant-union consists of the following seven societies ; Cladonia gracilis var. chordalis society, Parmelia tincto ; uma soc., Hedwigia albicans soc., Hypnum plumaeforme soc., H. plumaeforme var. minus soc., Chrysocladium retrorsum soc. and Meteorium helmintocladulum society. 2. It may be considered that Hedwigia albicans soc., Hypnum plumaeforme soc. and H. plumaeforme var. minus soc. exhibit the features of the genuine-facies of the epipetric plant communities found in the area. The community dominated by Hedwigia alticans (WEB.) LINDB. shows better development in fairly sunny habitats, while that of Hypnum plumaeforme var. minus soc. does so in the shady habitats overhung by the crown of evergreen trees close by. 3. Cladonia gracilis var, chordalis soc. and Parmelia tinctorum soc. may be considered as facies which occur mostly in an open and sunny hibitat. The occurrence of Chrysocladium retrorsum soc. and Meteorium helmintocladulum soc. is confined to the most shady habitats where the trees are overshadowing all the time. 4. The degree of overshadowing by the trees nearby and the changes of environmental factors, such as, air temperature, saturation deficit and illumination, at five stonelantern pillars which were occupied by different communities, were respectively recorded on March 15,1956. From the obtained data, considerable differences of microclimatic factors, i. e. saturation deficit and illumination, are clearly observed among respective habitats according to the degree of overshadowing of the trees close by. It may be considered that the degree of overshadowing by the trees plays an important role on the development and the distribution of the epipetric plant community.
著者
田中 智子
出版者
全国障害者問題研究会
雑誌
障害者問題研究 (ISSN:03884155)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.4, pp.21-32, 2010-02

本稿は,障害者のいる家族に生じる様々な生活問題を貧困の視点から捉えなおすことを試みる.第一に,障害者・家族の状況を貧困の視角から捉えた調査・研究はあまり見られないが,その中で成人期においても家族への経済的依存は継続していること,障害者のいる家族は,一般世帯と比較して経済的収入が低位におかれていることを明らかにした.第二に,A市における障害者の家族を対象とした調査をもとに,障害者の家族が,貧困状態に陥る構造について考察した.その結果,貧困に陥る構造としては,家計がシングルインカムによって支えられていること,本人にかかる支出が本人収入を上回ることを指摘した.貧困状態に陥った家族においては,その内外で母子一体化による孤立した状態へと帰結することをさらに明らかにした.
著者
津久井 雅志
出版者
特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.89-94, 2011-06-30

Old historical documents on 1779 AD An'ei eruption of Sakurajima, southwest Japan were collected from distal places as well as those from neighboring area of the volcano. These records revealed that the ash-fall front traveled to the northeast at about 50-100km/h, reached as far as Tohoku district 1200km from Sakurajima, and covered area of ca. 2.33×10^5km^2. Investigation of old documents helped to improve understanding of behavior of the volcano and environmental effects at the time of infrequent and great eruption. The wide distribution of ash-fall in 1779 Sakurajima eruption suggests that there is a high potential that ash discharged by future eruption of Sakurajima may cover down through the mainland of Japan. We should keep in mind both physical and economical effects of ash-fall in assessing the activity and making the scenario of an eruption.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経アーキテクチュア (ISSN:03850870)
巻号頁・発行日
no.917, pp.30-32, 2010-01-11

既存建物の改修には、新築を設計する以上の知識と経験が必要だ。とりわけ、分譲マンションは合意形成の難しさから手ごわい「ストック」の代表格。この難問に取り組む実務者が、求められている。〓誰かが犠牲にならないと、耐震工事は進まない」。横浜市内の分譲マンションで管理組合の理事長を務める男性は、こう言い切る。男性が入居するマンションは築35年、SRC造7階建てだ。