著者
森口 覚 村賀 民佳子 清水 英治
出版者
公益社団法人 日本栄養・食糧学会
雑誌
日本栄養・食糧学会誌 (ISSN:02873516)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.23-27, 2000-02-10 (Released:2009-12-10)
参考文献数
12

It is estimated that one fourth of Japan's population in the 21st century will be older than 65 years of age. Accompanying this increased percentage of elderly people will be an increased incidence of life-style-related diseases and infectious diseases associated with the reduced cellular immunity that occurs during aging. If this decrease of cellular immunity can be minimized, it might improve the health of older persons and prolong life expectancy. This paper summarizes the effect of nutrition and exercise on decreased cellular immunity in the aged. Obesity (BMI>30) in the aged induced marked decreases of T cell proliferation following in vitro activation with PHA or Con A and natural killer cell (NK) activity. In contrast, exercise training improved not only the decreased phagocytic activity but also the responsiveness to macrophage-activating factor (MAF) produced from activated T cells among alveolar macrophages (AM) in aged rats (24 months old). In addition, reduction in the activities of daily life (ADL) was closely associated with decreased NK activity in elderly people admitted to health service facilities for the aged. In conclusion, this study suggests that obesity is one of the risk factors for deteriorating health in the aged, and that maintenance of physical activity in the aged is important for retaining cellular immunity in this population group.
著者
浅野 憲哉 駒形 江美
出版者
長野工業高等専門学校
雑誌
長野工業高等専門学校紀要 = Memoirs of Nagano National College of Technology (ISSN:18829155)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, pp.1-1, 2019-06-30

Mushroom culture waste was used for methane fermentation and which waste is regional and unique in Nagano Prefecture. In generally, mushroom culture wastes are poor biodegradable which contains huge number of cellulose and lignin. We used 100mL serum vials as methane fermentation batch reactor and used anaerobic sludge biodegraded for food wastes as inoculum. Methane fermentation was carried out using an untreated sample and a sample with pressure extrusion treatment by an extruder. At this time, a methane yield of 234 ml-CH4/g-VS was obtained from the untreated sample, and a 238 ml-CH4/g-VS was obtained from the pre-treated sample. Significant improvement in methane yield was not observed.
著者
豊田 真穂
出版者
ジェンダー史学会
雑誌
ジェンダー史学 (ISSN:18804357)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.55-70, 2010

Although the 1955 International Planned Parenthood Conference in Tokyo brought drastic change in governmental efforts to promote birth control as a means to control population, little is known about how or why the conference was held in Tokyo. The official story according to the conference proceedings went that it was Clarence J. Gamble, an American philanthropist, who suggested that the conference be held in Tokyo. However, as this paper shows, Gamble merely happened to be in Japan when Yoshio Koya, a Welfare bureaucrat, and others were struggling to find a way to have the Conference take place here.<BR>Gamble, who should not be given very much credit for his contribution to the Tokyo IPPF Conference, was a controversial figure. His main concern was the fertility differential between classes. As a fervent eugenicist, he supported the development of a simple contraceptive method, using salt solution and sponges. He strongly promoted the simple method as a means to control population when he extended his work in Asia. This shows his lack of empathy for Asian women. His arrogant acts in Asia, where he ignored local autonomy, led the board of IPPF to harshly criticize and finally to expel Gamble.<BR>Nonetheless, Gamble was credited for his service to Japan. It impressed him that it was the Japanese birth controllers who appreciated his work. As a result, the Japanese birth control movement, already funded substantially by Gamble, was able to continue receiving financial support from him. However, by accepting Gamble's money and publicly praising him as "the Benefactor of the Family Planning Movement in Japan," the postwar birth control movement in Japan proclaimed its agendas of population control and eugenics.
著者
中野 有朋
出版者
環境技術学会
雑誌
環境技術 (ISSN:03889459)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.8, pp.567-573, 1987-08-30 (Released:2010-03-18)
著者
林 栄美子
出版者
慶應義塾大学日吉紀要刊行委員会
雑誌
慶応義塾大学日吉紀要 フランス語フランス文学 (ISSN:09117199)
巻号頁・発行日
no.46, pp.203-228, 2008

森英樹教授・西尾修教授・高山晶教授退職記念論文集 = Mélanges offerts à Mori Hideki, à Nishio Osamu, et à Takayama Aki序章第1章 『灰色の魂』をめぐって1. クレリス/死者/肖像画2. ベル/死体/人形3. リジアの死 あるいは喪の拒絶4. 三枚の写真によるコンポジション クレリス=ベル=リジア5. クレマンス あるいは非イマージュ的記憶6. 死者たちのロンド第2章 『リンさんの小さな子』をめぐって1. 写真2. 人形
著者
光戸 利奈 錦織 翼 辰川 和美 橋本 優花里 宮谷 真人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会
雑誌
高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.1, pp.18-27, 2019-03-31 (Released:2020-04-03)
参考文献数
30

言語流暢性課題の得点がアルツハイマー病 (以下 AD) や軽度認知障害 (以下 MCI) の評価に役立つ指標であることがすでに報告されている。そして, 言語流暢性課題では反応の質的な分析を行うことで, 語彙検索機能や自己モニタリング機能について検討できる可能性がある。また, 語彙検索機能については, 検索の方略という視点から検討されているが, 英語話者を対象とした先行研究で扱われている方略は日本語話者にとって一般的とはいえないため, 日本語話者特有の方略に基づいて分析する必要がある。そこで本研究では, 日本語話者の AD と MCI の語彙検索機能と自己モニタリング機能の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。動物の名前を挙げる意味課題と「か」からはじまる語を挙げる文字課題を, AD と MCI, そして健常高齢者 (以下 NC) に実施した。語彙検索機能の評価には日本語話者特有の方略を考慮した上でクラスター数とスイッチ数を用い, 自己モニタリング機能の評価には, 産生語の重複エラー率と検査者への質問の有無の割合を用いた。その結果, 意味課題において AD では NC と比べてクラスター数とスイッチ数が少なく, 重複エラー率が高かったことから, 語彙検索機能と自己モニタリング機能の低下が示唆された。また, MCI では NC と比べてクラスター数とスイッチ数は少なかったものの, 重複エラー率には違いが示されなかったことから, 自己モニタリング機能に先行して語彙検索機能が障害される可能性が示唆された。
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1905, pp.52-56, 2017-08-28

江崎グリコの巨大看板で知られる大阪の戎橋。人混みの中、ディスカウント店「ドン・キホーテ」に向かう2人の女性がいた。「初めての海外旅行です」。照れながら話すのは、18歳のチャ・ヒョウリンさんとユン・イェチさん。高校の同級生の2人は、夏休みを…
著者
森山 瑞紀 藤枝 裕倫 古田 美保 渡邊 真哉 會津 恵司 山口 竜三
出版者
日本臨床外科学会
雑誌
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:13452843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.2, pp.410-414, 2021 (Released:2021-08-31)
参考文献数
18

症例は身長184cm,体重192kg,Body Mass Index(以下BMI)56.7kg/m2と高度肥満の42歳の男性である.4日前からの腹痛で前医を受診した.抗菌薬治療が行われたが,改善しなかったため当院受診となった.血液検査ではWBC 10,800/μl,CRP 20.35mg/dlと高度な炎症所見を認めた.腹部CTでは虫垂の腫大と膿瘍形成を疑う所見が見られた.急性虫垂炎による限局性腹膜炎と診断し,腹腔鏡下虫垂切除術を施行した.ランプ体位をとり,陰圧型体位固定具や固定支持器を使用して体を固定した.第1ポートは臍上10cmの左腹直筋経由にてオプティカル法で挿入した.気腹圧を15mmHgとし,ポートを追加することで視野確保を行った.炎症が波及した脂肪垂と虫垂との区別が困難であったため,術中迅速病理検査を行い,切除組織が虫垂であることを確認した.術後経過は良好で,術後10日目に軽快退院となった.今回,BMI 56.7kg/m2の高度肥満患者の急性虫垂炎に対して,腹腔鏡下虫垂切除術を施行した1例を経験したため報告する.
著者
見坂 武彦 谷 佳津治 内井 喜美子 片岡 憲司 藤光 隆司 石本 唯奈 細見 峻司
出版者
大阪大谷大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2015-04-01

細菌の越境移動に関する現状の把握は、健康・衛生の観点から重要な課題である。地球上の種々の細菌が渡り鳥とともに国境を越えて移動している可能性があるがその実態は明らかではない。本研究では、渡り鳥の糞に含まれる細菌群集を培養に依存せずに高速シーケンサーを用いて明らかにし、潜在的な病原細菌が長距離移動する実態を検証した。関西地区および北海道東部の沿岸部において、ツバメ科、カモ科、カモメ科の渡り鳥を主な対象として、糞に含まれる腸内細菌群集の16S rRNA遺伝子の配列を網羅的に解析し、鳥の種類による相違、他の生物との相違を明らかにした。また糞に含まれる多剤耐性菌について遺伝学的特徴を明らかにした。
著者
齋藤 暢宏 木下 今日子
出版者
日本ベントス学会
雑誌
日本ベントス学会誌 (ISSN:1345112X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, pp.1-7, 2004-07-28 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
4 4

During a faunal survey of the intertidal mud flat of Shinhama Lagoon on the northern coast of Tokyo Bay, parasitic bopyrid isopods, Ione cornuta Spence Bate, were found attached to the inner walls of the branchial chambers of ghost shrimps, Nihonotrypaea japonica (Ortmann). In this isopod, the females are parasites of N. japonica whereas dwarf males attach to conspecific females. To investigate the prevalence of the parasite I. cornuta, sampling of ghost shrimps was conducted every 2 to 4 weeks at the Shinhama Lagoon during the periods from August, 1994, to October, 1995, and January, 1998, to May, 1999. A total of 328 individuals (253 females, 62 males, and 13 of unknown sex) of N. japonica was collected, and 22 individuals among them (6.7%) were infected with I. cornuta. Among the infected shrimps, females accounted for 21 individuals, and only one male was infected. This skewed sex ratio is considered to simply reflect the female-biased sex ratio of this species in the field. In most cases, one individual of the parasite I. cornuta was attached within the left or the right branchial chamber of each host shrimp. No significant relationship was detected between the handedness of the major cheliped of the host shrimps and the attachment position of I. cornuta. A significant positive correlation was found between the size of the host shrimps and the size of mature females (i.e., those with brood chambers) of the parasite; however, the size of immature parasites was not correlated with the size of their host shrimp. In spite of the long sampling periods during this study, no ovigerous shrimp infected by I. cornuta was collected. This strongly suggests that infection by I. cornuta negatively affects the reproduction of the host female shrimps.
著者
岡 希太郎 原 昭二
出版者
社団法人 有機合成化学協会
雑誌
有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.25-39, 1979
被引用文献数
1

This review involves the synthetic studies on the salamander alkaloids isolated from an animal venom in the skin gland of Salamandra maculosa <I>Laurenti</I>. Syntheses of three groups of the alkaloids, one with a bicyclo-oxazolidine system, one with a carbinolamine system, and another with a pure 3-aza-A-homo steroid system, are discussed separately. It will be emphasized that the synthetic works described herein made a considerable contribution to the structure analyses of this field of alkaloids and earlier proposed structures based on X-ray and spectroscopic analyses have been changed step by step. Regio and stereospecific syntheses of the alkaloids are mainly discussed in connection with the construction of the bicyclo-oxazolidine system of the major alkaloids and with Beckmann rearrangement of steroid 3-ketoximes for the syntheses of the other alkaloids.
著者
清水 泰生
出版者
学校法人 京都外国語大学国際言語文化学会
雑誌
国際言語文化学会日本学研究 (ISSN:2424046X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.71-80, 2021 (Released:2022-01-06)

This paper examines the relationships among Haruki Murakami's running, music and his creative activities, such as novel writing. First, I describe the characteristics of Murakami's style and introduce Makino (2013)'s idea that music is what makes his style, along with Shimizu (2017)' s idea that running influences his writing. Based on these considerations, this paper introduces a theory on connecting these two assertions. It next examines the characteristics of Murakami's running in terms of exercise physiology. The results show that running produces serotonin, which greatly influences his creative activities.

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著者
高井蘭山 編
出版者
博文館
巻号頁・発行日
vol.上, 1894
著者
武口 俊太 川岸 貴博 伊藤 久央 井口 和男
出版者
日本薬学会化学系薬学部会
雑誌
反応と合成の進歩シンポジウム 発表要旨概要
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, pp.22, 2005

Clavubicyclone, a novel clavulone-related marine prostanoid, was isolated from Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis by our group. To determine the absolute stereochemistry of clavubicyclone, development of the total synthetic route was performed. The key step of our synthetic route was construction of bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton by Cope rearrangement of the divinylcyclopropane derivative. The substrate of Cope rearrangement was prepared from cis-2-butene-1,4-diol as a starting material through carbon chain elongation reactions and the rhodium catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction. The Cope rearrangement smoothly proceeded by heating the divinylcyclopropane derivative in diphenyl ether (180 &deg;C) to give the desired bicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivative. We are examining to convert the rearrangement product to clavubicyclone.
著者
渋谷 厚輝 武口 俊太 伊藤 久央 井口 和男
出版者
日本薬学会化学系薬学部会
雑誌
反応と合成の進歩シンポジウム 発表要旨概要
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.144, 2008

Clavubicyclone was isolated from Okinawan soft coral, Clavularia viridis, by our group as a novel prostanoid-related compound. The absolute stereochemistry and biological activity of clavubicyclone have not yet been examined due to small quantities of isolated samples. We recently achieved the total synthesis of clavubicyclone as a racemic form through Cope rearrangement as a key step. However, there are several problems on our previous synthetic route; improvement of the yield of Cope rearrangement and shortening of the relatively longer sequence. To overcome these problems and to achieve an enantioselective synthesis, we examined further synthetic research. Cope rearrangement was proceeded smoothly by changing the stereochemistry of the substrate. We also achieved to obtain an intermediate as an optically active form by using enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Introduction of side chains to an optically active bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton is now underway.