著者
外山 秀一
出版者
The Human Geographical Society of Japan
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.5, pp.407-421, 1985-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
120
被引用文献数
3 3
著者
松岡 憲知 藁谷 哲也 若狭 幸
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.126, no.3, pp.369-405, 2017-06-25 (Released:2017-08-03)
参考文献数
221
被引用文献数
3 6

Physical rock weathering has been studied through laboratory experiments, field observations, and numerical modeling, but linking these approaches and applying the results to weathering features in the field are often problematic. We review recent progress in three weathering processes—frost shattering, thermal fracturing, and lightning strikes—and explore better approaches to linking weathering processes and products. New visual and sensor technologies have led to great advances in field monitoring of weathering of fractured bedrock and resulting rockfalls in cold mountains. Laboratory simulations successfully produce fractures resulting from segregational freezing in various intact rocks. Modelling approaches illustrate the long-term evolution of periglacial slopes well, but improvements are required to apply laboratory-derived criteria to frost weathering. The efficacy of thermal weathering, which has long been under debate, is now partly supported by laboratory and field evidence that cracking takes place when wild fires or artificial explosions lead to thermal shock. Rock fracturing due to strong radiation is also reevaluated from the presence of large cooling/warming rates and meridian cracks in rocks exposed to arid environments. Linking laboratory simulations and natural features, however, needs further field-based observations of thermal fracturing. Irregular fractures formed in boulders are often attributed to lightning strikes, despite rarely being witnessed. Artificial lightning in the laboratory produces radial cracks, marking the first step toward interpreting irregular fractures in the bedrock that are unlikely to originate from other weathering processes. Identifying the origins of fractured rocks in the field requires distinguishing between fracture patterns derived from these weathering processes.
著者
南 利明
出版者
静岡大学
雑誌
静岡大学法政研究 (ISSN:13422243)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.2, pp.123-183, 2002-12
著者
戸田 孝
出版者
一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会
雑誌
科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.4, pp.248-259, 2014 (Released:2015-01-19)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
1

The working situation of museum staff members who were originally employed as school teachers was investigated by sending questionnaires to prefectural museums as well as municipal ones in ordinance-designated cities. Such staff members are working in about half of the target museums. More than half of the teachers are planning to return to schools in three to five years, but other are planning to stay longer. In about 40% of the museums, teachers’ duties are specialized in dealing with school pupils and group visitors. The teachers’ specializations are mainly social studies, science, and art. In some cases, teachers of Japanese language work as generalists in partnerships with schools.
著者
磯村 拓哉
出版者
日本神経回路学会
雑誌
日本神経回路学会誌 (ISSN:1340766X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.3, pp.71-85, 2018

<p>本稿はFristonの自由エネルギー原理(free-energy principle)をわかりやすく解説することを目的とする.まず自由エネルギー原理を導入する理念や妥当性を簡潔に述べる.次に,自由エネルギー原理により説明可能な事象として,基本となる知覚および行動について述べる.簡単に言うと,自由エネルギー原理とは生物が従うとされる法則であり「生物は感覚入力の予測しにくさを最小化するように内部モデルおよび行動を最適化し続けている」と定めている.この原理から外界の認識のモデルとして,予測符号化(predictive coding)と呼ばれる情報表現形式が導出され,「推論・学習とは,予測誤差を最小化するように神経活動・シナプス結合を更新することである」と説明できる.また,行動の生成についても同一の原理から導出可能であり,「行動は,周囲の環境を予測しやすい状態に変化させ自分の好みの入力を得るために起きる」と説明できる.これは能動的推論(active inference)と呼ばれている.最後に,外界の推論の拡張である,他者の思考の推論について議論する.</p>
著者
伊藤 麻由
出版者
富山大学比較文学会
雑誌
富大比較文学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.14-29, 2016-02-12

金子みすゞは、大正時代に生きた童謡詩人である。本論は、みすゞの詩の中から、先述した「私と小鳥と鈴と」を取り上げ、みすゞの詩が受け入れられていったその受容過程と、どのように人々に受け入れられてきたのかという、それぞれの詩の解釈を探るものである。
著者
横山 正人 井上 和夫
出版者
Japan Ergonomics Society
雑誌
人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.1, pp.41-48, 1984-02-15 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
9

本論文は人間の声質感覚に基づく音声の個人性知覚情報の抽出を目的としている. まず, 一対比較法により話者の類似性判断, および音声の嗜好性判断に対する聴覚実験を行っている. 音声資料として13名の話者の発生した単母音 [e] を用いる. 次に声質を表す5つの日常表現語を用いて, 音声の類似性評価実験を行っている. さらに改良ホモモルフィック予測法 (IHPA) を適用し, 音声信号より音響パラメータの抽出を行う.以上の実験結果に基づく相関分析およびMDSによる解析の結果, 次のことが明らかになった. (1) 話者の類似性および音声の嗜好度を判断する場合, ある特定の声質感覚が大きく寄与する. (2) これらの声質情報は, 主にピッチ周波数, および高次フォルマント周波数によって特徴づけられる.
著者
牧野 英三
出版者
奈良教育大学
雑誌
奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.115-136, 1980-11-25

At the Shunie performed at the Nigatsudo Hall of the Todaiji Temple, the Jimmyocho, which is supposed to have originated with the Engishiki, is recited immediately after the Shoya period every day during the fortnight's ritual, following the Jobun of the Kanjoku recited by the officiating priest, Daidoshi. The chanting of the Jimmyocho, of which seven common priests (Hirashu) take charge as chanters (Yomiyaku) by turns, takes place for the purpose of inviting the gods omnipresent throughout Japan, amounting to over 13,700, to the ceremonial hall of the Shunie, and calling on them to help carry out the religious cerermony, Gyobo, uneventfully. It is not, however, until he is confined in the Nigatsudo Hall for the religious devotion for the third year that the Hirashu is qualified for the Yomiyaku. There are two ways of chanting-Hombushi, orthodox recital, and Hikiage, informal recital. The Hombushi is recited for the first seven days, Johichinichi, and the Hikiage for the latter seven days, Gehichinichi. However, on the days with rather lots of rituals, such as the fifth and seventh days during the Johichinichi, the Hikiage is recited. The Jimmyocho is divided into nine sections. The first section is recited rather slowly to anicety. The tempo of the recitation is accelerated gradually from the second section on, until it comes to its audible limit, especially in the fifth to the seventh section. In the eighth section the tempo is decelerated to that of the first part. In the recitation of the Goryo in the ninth section the scale is toned down, and the whole recitation comes to the finish in stillness. The time required for chanting varies from twenty to twenty-eight minutes according to the Hombushi or the Hikiage, and the Yomiyaku, etc. The note of the melody of the Jimmyocho and the pattern of each section are shown on the following pages. (The music is based on what was taped by the late Daisojo Kokai Kitagawara, former Betto of the Todaiji Temple, in 1958.)
著者
大澤 俊彦
出版者
日本食生活学会
雑誌
日本食生活学会誌 (ISSN:13469770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.1, pp.11-16, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-07-23)
参考文献数
12

The United States launched the Designer Foods program in 1990 on the basis of its ample epidemiological research data. It is aimed at preventing cancer with the use of pyytochemicals. What attracted the most attention are food ingredients called “non-nutrients,” such as polyphenols, sulfuric compounds, terpenoids and carotenoids. Calling such ingredients “functional food factors, ”we have developed an international research approach in an attempt for cross-disciplinary research beyond the boundaries of food science and medicine.  In 1984, Japan became the world’s first to launch a research project on food functionality. Characteristically, it introduced a totally innovative concept of physiological and biological regulating function as a third function after the primary “nutritional” function and the secondary “sensory” function. The notion of food functionality has gradually penetrated the West although the reception was initially not very positive. And functional food is now taking root there.  The U.S. Designer Foods program lists 40 vegetables, fruits, spices and luxury food items from the standpoint of cancer prevention on the basis of epidemiological research. Noting that designer food contained functional food factors common to food items in the same identical group or category, the author suggested the importance of keeping a balance among different types of food in the diet rather than of rating the effect of different food factors. The author added some traditional Japanese food materials to the listed food and sorted them into 12 food groups. The focus of the author’s proposal is to endeavor to consume food equally from all 12 groups within one or two days rather than consuming food materials in large quantities from a specific category. Needless to say, it is also important to develop new food materials.  A key goal of illness prevention with the use of functional food factors will be to keep us healthy, or within the scope of a non-disease state, for as long a time as possible. It is therefore hoped that simple diagnoses may be performed using specific biomarkers to prevent illnesses at the earliest possible stage or to reduce the risk of future illness. Produced with a drop of blood, saliva, urine or suchlike, an antibody chip has a monoclonal antibody imprinted on a substrate spin-coated with azo-polymer. It is used for specifically examining oxidation stress, obesity, cancer and cerebral aging. It is foreseen that it will in a couple of years be viable to provide a so-called tailor-made diet guidance explaining the current health conditions and what diet should be followed to prevent illnesses with the use of the antibody chip in health checkups. The author hopes that studies on functional food factors with scientific grounds for cancer prevention will remove the boundaries between different disciplines and lead to the swift establishment of a system of industry-academia-government cooperation at the initiative of young researchers as well as an environment that enables Japan to play a leading role in the global strategy for the development of disease-preventing food products.
著者
木頃 伸哉 白鳥 裕士 中村 聡史
雑誌
研究報告グループウェアとネットワークサービス(GN) (ISSN:21888744)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019-GN-107, no.4, pp.1-7, 2019-03-11

プロ野球は 1 試合の平均時間が 3 時間以上あり,サッカーなどの他のスポーツと比べて試合時間が長い.そのため,テレビやインターネットの生放送での観戦では,入浴や食事,仕事と重なって視聴を断念してしまったり,一方的な試合展開による視聴意欲の低下により視聴を途中で断念してしまったりする視聴者も存在する.視聴を途中で断念した後に,に試合展開が大きく変わり面白い場面を見逃すこともあり,視聴者が後悔してしまうことも珍しくない.そこで,我々は野球の試合において山場山場となりそうなシーンになったときに視聴者を,視聴誘導するシステムの構築を試みる.本研究ではその足がかりとして,野球における山場となりそうな場面を推定する手法を検討する.本研究では,野球の試合に並行して進行する実況ツイートの中に,期待にまつわる特徴語が現れることに着目した手法を検討した.また,その手法の可能性を検証するため,山場になりそうな場面に関する正解データセットを構築し,複数の手法を検討することにより精度の検証を行った.その結果,全体的な精度は低いものの,ツイートをそのまま扱うのではなく,どちらのチームのファンなのかという点に注目して判定すると精度が上がることが分かった.
著者
相田 勇
出版者
東京大学地震研究所
雑誌
東京大学地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.367-390, 1981-09-30

地震断層モデルを波源とする津波数値実験が,東海道沖においても有用であることは,1944年東南海津波の例によって認められた.ここでは数値実験によって,1854年安政東海津波,1707年宝永津波,1605年慶長津波,1498年明応津波の波源断層モデルのパラメータを求めた.いずれも東海道に問題を限って議論される.この中,安政,宝永津波については,かなり信頼度の高いモデルが確定された.しかし慶長,明応津波については,史料の乏しいことなどもあって,信頼度が低いことは否めない.これらの津波の特徴を比較すると,地域によっては明応津波が最も高く,災害予測の面から見落すことのできない津波であると考えられる.また局地モデルによる清水港の陸上遡上計算の結果,防波堤,埋立地などの港湾工事が,津波の高さを軽減するのにかなり効果を持っていることがわかった.また津波危険度の局地性についても,計算上の結果が得られた.
著者
Masahiro Harazono Daichi Kitamura Masashi Nakayama
出版者
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
雑誌
Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.5, pp.301-309, 2012-05-01 (Released:2012-09-01)
参考文献数
7
被引用文献数
1

As a factor to characterize the sound of an electric guitar, it is thought that a characteristic of the pickup contributes most. The pickups most often used are classified roughly into single-coil models and humbucking models. The single-coil pickup is made by winding the thin wires with several thousand turns of coils around six polarizing pole pieces each corresponding to a string of the guitar, and the change in the magnetic reluctance owing to the string vibration that causes the change in the magnetic flux is transformed into an electrical signal. The humbucking pickup is composed of one magnetic circuit with two single-coil pickups, and made to be in phase electrically and out of phase magnetically for the purpose of removing circumference magnetic noise. In this paper, the response of the humbucking pickup excited by a string vibration set up by a real commercial solid body electric guitar is analyzed, and a simulation result is shown to agree with an actual measured value with sufficient precision. In addition, the response of the humbucking pickup imitated with two single-coil pickups is compared with the single-coil pickup and some additional considerations in the characteristics have been gained through analysis.