著者

早野 禎二

出版者

東海学園大学

雑誌

東海学園大学研究紀要 : 社会科学研究編 (ISSN:21859019)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.73-91, 2012-03-31

著者

金子 国吉

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

体育研究所紀要 (ISSN:02866951)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.21-39, 1973-12

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History always accounts for victors. Therefore, it is natural that history is rewritten with the change of the time. In the case of swordsmanship and its history, this theory may apply, and due to the much limited materials, there is no other way than finding a conclusion from indirect materials by means of the inductive method. It is apparent that swordsmanship techniques were practiced since the olden times, however, the days in which importance was attached to swordsmanship philosophy were nearly the beginning of the Tokugawa era; the philosophy was begun to be studied by means of the inductive method. Before such days, explanations of history were based on legends. The swordsmanship techniques described in medieval history are of course legendary, however, it cannot be denied that they served as a factor for sources of action. Social background The Nara period is said to be the times when the continental culture was imported, and the culture had a great influence on the various systems of Japan. It is therefore natural that the Japanese military system was systematically completed, and with the completion, there was a significant change in the weapon, strategy and military exercise During the Heian period, military movements against the natives of Ezo were continued from the previous period, which resulted in stronger demand for weapons. Then, in the rise of Fujiwara culture, confrontation and contention among the local powerful families occurred, and a great, continued social unrest was caused. Especially, with Masakado Taira's revolt as a momentum, the systematic corps by local clans came up to the surface of society. What came after this were the taking of power by warriors and the confrontation between the North and South Courts, which made military struggles more and more severe. Thus, a foundation for the rise of swordsmanship techniques was built based on practical fighting experiences. An idea on swordsmanship techniques The social conditions for rise of swordsmanship techniques are collapse of value of social order and esteem of real power. In other words, recognition of swordsmanship techniques by society. Swordsmanship techniques can be termed as: 1) When regarded as fighting techniques, neither technical skills nor manners are required. All that is necessary is physical fighting by strength and quick judgement, in other words, swordsmanship techniques in the battlefield, 2) Delicate techniques are required; a fight in which a victor and loser are decided in a moment; in this sense, swordsmanship techniques may be called drill hall techniques which respect a spiritual principle and swordsmanship theory. As long as the realities of sworsmanship techniques are just techniques, they are not fixed ones but there should be in the techniques changes as circumstances require. According to social changes, swordsmanship techniques undergo changes, too. Military chronicle and swordsmanship techniques Literary works which are called military chronicles or military stories are limited to medieval works depicting facts of things historically and objectively using fights as materials. Typical of them are the Story of Masakado, the Mutsu Story, the Hogen and Heiji Story, the Historic Romance of the Heike, the Taihei Story, etc. Accordingly, the swordsmanship techniques of the Middle Ages fall in the category of legend from the historical viewpoint. In the above-enumerated stories, names of cutting tricks and description in detail of blowing and cutting are given very often. In reading these stories, we can know that the swordsmanship techniques used in the olden times melted in the Middle Ages into the Chinese style swordsmanship techniques imported during the Nara period, and that the unique swordsmanship techniques were born with the rise of warriors in the society. In view of the names of cutting tricks and the description thereof, it is obvious that the swordsmanship techniques made a considerable progress although they were violent battlefield techniques. Conclusion There are some swordsmanship techniques whose names are the same as those of schools in later ages. However, it cannot always be said that the techniques themselves are the same. It may possible that names would differ even if the techniques are the same. The reason is that there is a basic difference between the medieval techniques employed in the battlefield and those used in the drill hall in later ages. The swordsmanship techniques made advancement with the progress of the times so that they could match the circumstances therein.

著者

吉田 正志

出版者

東北大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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仙台藩警察機構の末端組織の特徴を江戸の町奉行所のそれと比較しつつ研究した結果、(1)江戸ではやくざ者でもある目明し(岡っ引)の使用が近世後期には禁止されたのに対し、仙台藩では城下の目明しが幕末まで一貫して公的に使用された。(2)江戸では町奉行所の管轄が江戸市中に限られたのに対し、仙台藩では、城下の警察業務を担当した小人目付、同心、及び目明しが、在方にも出張して警察業務を行った。(3)そのため、彼等の手先が在方にも存在し、とくに被差別民が重要な役割を果たした。おそよ以上の新知見を得られた。

著者

余郷 裕次

出版者

全国大学国語教育学会

雑誌

全国大学国語教育学会発表要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, pp.17-20, 2007-11-03

著者

久保田 茉莉

出版者

立命館大学法学会

雑誌

立命館法学 (ISSN:24341975)

巻号頁・発行日

no.396, pp.70-107, 2021-08

著者

向居 暁 中垣 有紀子

雑誌

県立広島大学人間文化学部紀要 (ISSN:21865590)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.79-96, 2021-03-01

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The purpose of this study was to understand what factors, in terms of obsessive-compulsive tendency and parent-child confidential relationships, affect the hesitation in eating rice balls made by others. In this study, conditions of making methods of rice balls (made with bare hands or with using plastic wrap) and of makers of rice balls (made by their own family members or by people other than family members) were examined. The results indicated that, even though rice balls were made by family member or not, and with bare hands or with plastic wrap," becoming contaminated" in obsessive-compulsive tendency could positively predict and "mentoring" of father in parent-child confidential relationship negatively predicted the hesitation in eating rice balls made by others. In addition, it is found that mother's and father's confidential relationship with child have differential effects to the hesitation in eating rice balls made by others. Lacks of" parent support" and" benevolent watch" of mother, and" emotional control" of father affected the hesitation in eating rice balls made by others, yet depending on the conditions. The results suggested that it is important to avoid excessive cleannessconscious attitudes at home and to develop a good parent-child confidential relationship, in order to reduce a feeling of hesitation in eating rice balls made by others.

著者

山野 嘉朗

出版者

愛知学院大学宗教法制研究所

雑誌

愛知学院大学宗教法制研究所紀要 = Bulletin of Institute for Law and Religion : 宗教法制研究 (ISSN:02859076)

巻号頁・発行日

no.61, pp.89-107, 2021

著者

田中 信行 日吉 俊紀 川平 和美 竹迫 賢一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会

雑誌

日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.87-93, 1987 (Released:2010-08-06)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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Bub-KAO tablet (50g) consisting of equimolar bicarbonate salt and succinate made it possible to use easily CO2 bath at home. Since the obtained CO2 concentration was not so high, we studied the circulatory effects of usual concentration of Bub-KAO bath in normal and hypertensive men.Seven Bub-KAO tablets (KAO Co., Tokyo, Japan) were put into 350 l of 41°C simple hot spring bath (CO2 conc. ≈300ppm). Eight normotensive subjects (32.2±4.2yrs) and 13 hypertensive patients (67.8±11.3yrs) took this artificial CO2 bath for 10min. As a control, 12 normotensives (38.1±8.8yrs) and 12 hypertensives (51.0±8.2yrs) were immersed in 41°C simple hot spring bath for 10min. Hemodynamic functions and blood gas were followed before and after bathing for 30min in the supine position.In normotensives, blood pressure (BP) was unchanged either by Bub-KAO or simple bath. The increase in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) and the decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPRi) after Bub-KAO bath were slightly but significantly greater than those of simple bath. In hypertensives, BP was significantly decrased after Bub-KAO bath (-17.2±6.4/-6.8±2.1mmHg) compared to simple bath. Although the increase in HR and CO (+0.55±0.22l/min) after Bub-KAO bath were not so remarkable, decrease in TPRi (-9.3±3.6 unit) was significantly greater than simple bath. Venous blood obtained 10min after Bub-KAO bath became fresh red showing a significant increase in pO2 and pH (alkalosis) and significant decrease in pCO2. In arterial blood, although pO2 was unchanged, slight decrease in pCO2 and increase in pH were also observed.These results indicated that artificial CO2 bath made by usual amounts of Bub-KAO tablets significantly reduced BP of the hypertensives due to vasodilating effect. Vasodilation by CO2 bath was considered to be derived from the peripheral action of CO2 as blood pCO2 was rather reduced. As a basic mechanism of vasodilation by CO2, we proposed the inhibitory effect on tissue enerqy metabolism of CO2 as a product inhibtor of TCA cycle and subsequently, the onset of vascular autoregulation mechanism.

著者

田中 桂一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工業教育 (ISSN:18839002)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.44-54, 1973-03-25 (Released:2009-04-10)

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佐渡金山といっているが,これは常識的に云っているので,実際は佐渡銀山である。近来観光ブームで,案内書やバスガールの説明にも,常識的な解説が多いが事実はもっと深刻である。講師は,幾多の古文書や,時には,かって銀山に働いた老婆を生字引として事実を説明する。関ケ原の戦は徳川と豊臣の天下分け目の戦であったが,その背後に豊臣家の管理下にあった佐渡金山を家康が手中に収めんとする意図に端を発していることを述べ,鬼才,大久保長安の鉱山経営法,その中に前借制度や,談合がとり入れられ,慶長年間の産銀量は当時の世界の産銀量の25%に上ることを説明し,その長安が何故,悲惨な最後をとげたか,そこに銀山の盛衰のあとを辿る,更にその後の徳川幕府の銀山経営法を述べ,所謂,無宿者の正体を説明する。そして,生字引の老婆の述懐で終りを結んでいる。

著者

TAKAHASHI Rikiya KOBAYASHI Nozomi HIGA Suguru SAKAI Mai

出版者

日本野生動物医学会

雑誌

日本野生動物医学会誌 = Japanese journal of zoo and wildlife medicine (ISSN:13426133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.143-146, 2021-12

著者

湯原 健一

出版者

愛知大学国際問題研究所

雑誌

愛知大学国際問題研究所紀要 = JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (ISSN:05157781)

巻号頁・発行日

no.153, pp.87-124, 2019-02-28

著者

三浦 麻子 犬塚 美輪

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第83回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2C-062, 2019-09-11 (Released:2020-09-26)

著者

秋葉 周 竹林 崇 花田 恵介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会

雑誌

作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.106-112, 2022-02-15 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

14

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本邦における脳卒中急性期の作業療法において,目標設定や介入方法に関するShared Decision Making(以下,SDM)を行った報告はきわめて少ない.今回,我々は,麻痺手の使用頻度が低く,目標設定や介入内容の意思決定に消極的な事例に対して,ガイドラインを用いて作業療法介入に関するSDMを行った.その結果,事例の作業療法への積極的な参加が促され,麻痺手の使用頻度も臨床的意義のある最小変化量を超えて向上した.事例の経過は,脳卒中急性期の作業療法においても,目標設定やガイドラインを用いた介入内容のSDMが有益である可能性を示している.

著者

入交 昭一郎

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1086, pp.117-119, 2001-04-09

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「まさか、ここまで大川さん(功セガ元会長兼社長、今年3月16日永眠)がなさるとは想像もしませんでした。私がもっと頑張っていれば、こんなことまで大川さんにお願いせずに済んだはずです。申し訳ありませんでした」病の床で両腕上げ「全部パアや」責任の多くは社長の自分にあった 私が社長として事業を始めた家庭用ゲーム機の「ドリームキャスト」。

著者

伊藤信博

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

調査と情報 (ISSN:13492098)

巻号頁・発行日

no.671, 2010-03-02

著者

杉本 淳子 内田 洋子

出版者

日本音声学会

雑誌

音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.22-35, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-04-30)

参考文献数

49

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本稿は英語教員を志望する大学生に必要とされる音声学授業(教職音声学)の試案を示すことを目的としている。発音モデルには一般米語を用い,聞き取りモデルとして多様なアクセントに触れる機会を設けることとする。授業には,「宣言的知識(音声学的知識)」「手続き的知識(音声指導に関する知識)」「発音および聞き取り力の訓練」の三つの要素を含める。また,英語発音のすべての項目を網羅的に扱うのではなく,明瞭度の高い発音につながる音声項目を選定し,優先的に指導すべきである。この授業を通じて,教員志望者は音声指導に必要な知識や手法と,生徒の手本となる明瞭度の高い発音を身につけることを目標とする。

著者

神田 育子 古山 歩 若林 郁夫 若井 嘉人 船坂 徳子 吉岡 基 Kanda Ikuko Furuyama Ayumi Wakabayashi Ikuo Wakai Yoshito Funasaka Noriko Yoshioka Motoi

出版者

三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科

雑誌

三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科紀要 = The bulletin of the Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.13-23, 2021-12

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In this study, we aimed at clarifying the recent trends in narrow-ridged finless porpoise stranding on the west coast of Ise Bay. We analyzed the annual/monthly change in the number of stranded individuals, the status found, the length and sex of the individuals, and the seasonality of the geographical distribution data from 486 individuals collected along the northern central coast of Mie Prefecture for 10 years from January 2011 to December 2020. The annual number of stranded individuals fluctuated between 2011 and 2015, although it was stably around 60 individuals after 2016 when a local stranding network of universities, aquariums, museums, and local governments were established. As for the status of stranding, 96.5% of the individuals were found alone and they were dead except one. More males were observed among the stranded individuals than females with a sex ratio of 1.4. The body length frequency data showed that 75-85 cm individuals, approximately of birth length, accounted for 51.1% and 39.1% in the male and female groups, respectively, and stranding during the newborn period was overwhelmingly predominant. Several individuals below the birth length were found in April-July while the peak of calving season was considered to be April-June. The monthly number of stranded individuals peaked in May-June every year, and dead newborn calves were major factors in boosting the number of stranded individuals found during this period. The geographical distribution of stranded individuals displayed seasonal changes. Most stranded animals were recorded in the central part of the west coast of Ise Bay in April-June, exhibiting a gradual decrease and becoming scarce by January-March.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1947年02月10日, 1947-02-10

出版者

台湾総督府

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第10回(明治39年), 1912

著者

Ryo Yanagiya Takuma Suzuki Shuhei Nakamura Kotaro Fujita Midori Oyama Ayumi Okuyama Kunie Sugasawa Takahiro Nakayama Yoshihiro Suzuki Kenichi Ishizawa Soichi Saito

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.7, pp.997-1000, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5

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TAFRO syndrome is rare, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. We herein report the case of a 66-year-old man who presented at our emergency department with epigastric pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed high-density retroperitoneal panniculus with contrast enhancement. He was treated initially with a protease inhibitor and hydration, to little effect. Anasarca, thrombocytopenia, and renal dysfunction developed gradually, and TAFRO syndrome was diagnosed. He was treated successfully with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, and subsequent CT findings showed improvement. Abnormal CT findings of the retroperitoneum may indicate the early stages of TAFRO syndrome before the presentation of typical ascites.