著者

内田 惠美子 筏 義人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.197-202, 2007 (Released:2008-12-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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It is important to assess the safety of clothes that are used in contact with human skin. In this study the level of primary skin irritation against various surfactants applied to clothes was evaluated using a cultured skin model. The irritation of anionic surfactants depended on the number of carbons in the alkyl substituent. When the number of carbons was in the range from 9 to 12, the surfactants showed positive in the irritation at concentrations higher than 0.5 wt%. However, the anionic surfactants with carbon numbers lower than 9 or higher than 12 showed negative even at concentrations as large as 1 wt%. The cell viability of nonionic surfactants containing poly(ethylene oxide) chains was dependent on the number of chains. The surfactants containing few chains or many carbons showed negative in the irritation assay, while those containing a certain number of chains and the carbon numbers around 10 showed highly positive at concentrations higher than 0.1 wt%. The irritation of quaternary ammonium salts, which are cationic surfactants, showed positive even at low concentrations, regardless of the number of carbons in the alkyl group.

著者

加藤 寛

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.1-8, 1977-07-05 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

34

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The costume of the modern Kendo is dressed in the three-quarter sleeves and Umanori-Hakama. Hakama has usually tl. e length to reach an ankle. Because, by having so, we have the merit that our foot posture and foot action cannot be recognized by the others.On seeing the old pictures concerned with Kendo, there is some types. One is a long Hakama in Shinkage-style. The others are a short lengthened Hakama, and playing figure to taking “Momodachi” to have free legs action. These are different from the style of the modern Kendo. Especially, Momodachi-style could be seen in early of Meiji Era. But, method of taking “Momodachi” had various way and that had definite as life pattern of Bushi.As a part of the history of Kendo, I described the process of Momodachi-style, how to take Momodachi, and their historical resource.

著者

多賀 太 天童 睦子

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, pp.119-150, 2013-11-30 (Released:2015-03-25)

参考文献数

147

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

酒井 英樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本色彩学会

雑誌

日本色彩学会誌 (ISSN:03899357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.59, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-06-09)

参考文献数

20

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赤い血が流れているにも拘わらず,肌表面で静脈が青く見えるという現象は,色の不思議として,定期的に新聞や科学雑誌の読者質問で取り上げられる“よくある質問”である.しかし,その回答は2つに分かれており,実際(物理的)には青くはなく,青く見えるのは錯視である(錯視説)というものと,実際(物理的)に青くなっており,その理由は短波長である青色光は皮膚内部で散乱されやすいからだ(散乱光説)というものとがある.本稿では,どちらの説が正しいかを調べることを目的に,腕の静脈,及び(同じく青く見える)蒙古斑の分光測色を行った.その結果,腕の静脈,蒙古斑とも,物理的には青くはなく,黄赤であった.ただし,周辺の皮膚色に比べて,明度,彩度とも低下していた.この結果は,錯視説を支持するものであり,青く見えるのは,明るく鮮やかな周辺の皮膚との色対比などの心理効果によって,反対色である青が知覚されるためと考えられる.ただし,その錯視量についての評価は行っておらず,錯視の詳しいメカニズムについては,今後検証が必要である.

著者

境家 史郎

出版者

日本選挙学会

雑誌

選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.5-17, 2010 (Released:2017-03-31)

参考文献数

12

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本稿の目的は,候補者レベルの選挙公約が決定されるメカニズムについて,現代日本政治の保守化の問題と関連させながら論じることである。1990年代後半以降,国旗国歌法制定,首相の靖国神社参拝,防衛「省」昇格,教育基本法,国民投票法制定など保守的傾向の強い政策実施が目立つが,こうした日本政治の保守化傾向を説明する要因のひとつとして選挙過程が機能しているというのが筆者の立場である。すなわち,近年の「小選挙区制+左翼政党候補の出馬+公明党の自民候補推薦」という選挙競争の文脈において,自民党,民主党候補が「選挙民の選好分布とは独立に」より保守的な公約を訴えるインセンティブを持つことを理論的に示し,実証するのが本稿の主題である。

著者

Tony Z. Jia Yutetsu Kuruma

出版者

The Biophysical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biophysics and Physicobiology (ISSN:21894779)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.bppb-v18.032, (Released:2021-11-18)

著者

西原 克成

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.221-225, 1999-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

15

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脊椎動物を規定する物質的根拠からこの宗族の進化という現象を観察すると,最も劇的な体制の変化が進化の第二革命の上陸において発生していることが明らかとなる.この変化は主に呼吸系,骨格系,皮膚において生ずるもので,この変化の原因を宇宙を構成する構成則から考慮すると,時間と空間と質量のないエネルギーおよび,質量のある物質によって同じ遺伝形質のまま形態と機能が変化することが明らかとなる.用不用の法則と生命発生原則に,分子遺伝子学と生体力学を導入し,この第二革命で発生する骨髄造血の人工モデルを用いて進化の法則について検証したので解説する.

著者

佐藤 暁

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.62, pp.253-266_L15, 2011 (Released:2011-12-09)

参考文献数

9

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Inquiry into the theory of meaning (hereafter refered to as “inquiry”) is a new method of inquiry in the philosophy of language proposed in the 1960s. It was considered new in terms of both its subject and method. In this paper, we identify the subject and method of Dummett's analysis, as he advocated his anti-realist theory of meaning. For Dummett, inquiry is the analysis of the ability that a person who can speak a language actually has, that is, a practical ability to speak a particular language. The ability to speak a language is not the ability to speak sentences or a set of such abilities, because one learns to speak a language not by memorizing sentences or their use. An analysis of the ability to speak a language is parallel to that of an ability to cook a particular dish. Dummett says a theory of meaning is a description of linguistic ability.However, it is not clear how we can philosophically “describe” an unobservable ability that is distinguished from any observable act. In justifying his project, Dummett asserts that practical abilities can be classified as knowledge or nonknowledge. The former abilities, being knowledge themselves, have propositions the knowledge of which translates to the ability itself. These propositions are not a description of the ability from the outside but an “internal description” of such an ability. The propositions themselves are components of an ability, and abilities can be philosophically analyzed by clarifying these propositions. Dummett states that the abilities to speak a language and cook a dish are both knowledge.In cooking, the recipe of a dish is an internal description of the ability to cook the dish. Therefore, we can clarify propositions corresponding to a recipe in cooking as an analysis of linguistic ability. Clarifying such propositions is inquiry, and the propositions constitute a theory of meaning for language.

著者

村山 輝志

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.8-15, 1992-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

21

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In the Edo era, a Budo trainee who wished to enter a Budo school had to present a written oath before he become a disciple. This thesis considered the substance of a written oath of the Gigen school, which prospered in the Satsuma feudal clan.The first part of the written oath is composed of a promise not to teach the technique and theory to other people. The next part is a note of understanding that the trainee may be punished by God if he breaks his promise.Why did the trainee promise to keep the theory and technique secret ?(1) Students were conferred full masterships by the teacher after under going Violent disciplines.(2) They were educated in skills and theory that included religion. Therefore, they must be disciplined for a long time.(3) Some one who is not disciplined does not understand it because he has not experienced it.When the disciple received full mastershis, it was done in a solemn ceremony with the disciple presenting a written oath to the teacher. At that time the disciple received his license.The entrance ceremony, methods of training and imitation rites for the Gigen school of Budo closely resemble those for the Shingon religion. As the Shingon religion is much older than Budo, this suggests that Tigen Budo was influenced by Shingon.

著者

Jun-ichi Satoh Yoshihiro Kino Motoaki Yanaizu Youhei Tosaki Kenji Sakai Tsuyoshi Ishida Yuko Saito

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research (ISSN:21863644)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017.01073, (Released:2017-11-21)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

12 26

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Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a rare autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy caused by a loss-of-function mutation of either TYROBP (DAP12) or TREM2 expressed in microglia. A rare variant of the TREM2 gene encoding p.Arg47His causes a 3-fold increase in the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). A recent study demonstrated that a rare coding variant p.Ser209Phe in the ABI family member 3 (ABI3) gene, a regulator of actin cytoskeleton organization, confers risk of developing of LOAD, although the pattern of ABI3 expression in AD and NHD brains with relevance to microglial pathology remains to be characterized. We investigated the cell type-specific expression of ABI3 in the brains derived from four non-neurological controls (NC), ten AD and five NHD cases by immunohistochemistry. We identified an intense ABI3 immunoreactivity chiefly on a subset of microglia with ramified or amoeboid morphology located in the grey matter and the white matter of the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of NC, AD, and NHD cases. The immunolabeled area of ABI3-positive microglia was not significantly different among NC, AD, and NHD cases due to great variability from case to case. The clusters of ABI3-immunoreactive microglia were found exclusively in AD brains and they were associated with amyloid plaques. Although these observations do not actively support the view that ABI3-immunoreactive microglia play a central role in the development of leukoencephalopathy in NHD brains and the neurodegeneration in AD brains, the intense expression of ABI3 on microglia might regulate their migration under conditions of health and disease in the central nervous system (CNS).

著者

猪原 光

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年歯科医学会

雑誌

老年歯科医学 (ISSN:09143866)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.57-62, 2018-09-30 (Released:2018-10-27)

参考文献数

3

著者

砂川 恵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会

雑誌

日本航空宇宙学会誌 (ISSN:00214663)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.577, pp.21-22, 2002-02-05 (Released:2019-04-12)

参考文献数

3

著者

浅田 正彦

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.243-255, 2013 (Released:2014-01-31)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

7

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個体群動態において,爆発的な個体数増加や分布拡大が発生する前段階として,個体数や分布が限られている時期を遅滞相(Lag-phase)という.千葉県におけるニホンジカ(Cervus nippon)とアライグマ(Procyon lotor)の捕獲記録における性比の時空間的変動に基づいて遅滞相の存在について考察し,千葉県印西市アライグマ防除事業の分析から低密度下での捕獲方法について検討した.両種において分布前線部や捕獲によって低密度となった地域ではオス比が高くなっており,アリー効果が発現している遅滞相にあると考えられた.このことから,根絶や地域的排除に至る前段階となる地域的な個体数管理手法として,捕獲個体のオス比などから推定できる「遅滞相の実現と維持」を管理目標にする「遅滞相管理Lag-phase management」を提案した.

著者

佐田 実季 田邉 将之 川脇 治 中村 優花 岡島 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.6, pp.345-352, 2020 (Released:2020-06-12)

参考文献数

28

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Paved roads are said to be able to use them for a long time with adequate maintenances on a regular basis. However, due to a shortage of manpower for repairs, sufficient maintenance have not been taken on some municipal roads in Japan, and the deterioration has progressed rapidly. Furthermore, around 2025, many asphalt pavements paved during the period of high economic growth in Japan are expected to deteriorate rapidly, hence, a more effective method than the current manual repairing method is required. In this research, we aim to realize a machine that automatically detects and repairs cracks. As a starting point, this paper studies crack detection, one of the important elemental technologies. Assuming actual use, it is necessary to be robust to disturbances such as different colors of paved roads and illumination change due to the weather. To solve this problem, we propose a robust crack detection using deep learning. Specifically, the crack detection was performed by classifying cracked and uncracked areas by semantic segmentation using U-Net. The learning process was performed with various images including lighting changes in the training data set. As a result, we achieved a robust segmentation of cracked areas with 92.5 percent accuracy of Intersection over Union.

著者

岡島 寛

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.8, pp.347-352, 2017-08-15 (Released:2018-02-15)

参考文献数

7

著者

柳 与志夫

出版者

デジタルアーカイブ学会

雑誌

デジタルアーカイブ学会誌 (ISSN:24329762)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.246-251, 2021-10-01 (Released:2021-11-15)

参考文献数

1

著者

Silvano GALLUS Alessandra LUGO Chiara STIVAL Sonia CERRAI Luke CLANCY Filippos T. FILIPPIDIS Giuseppe GORINI Maria José LOPEZ Ángel LÓPEZ-NICOLÁS Sabrina MOLINARO Anna ODONE Joan B. SORIANO Olena TIGOVA Piet A. VAN DEN BRANDT Constantine I. VARDAVAS Esteve FERNANDEZ the TackSHS Project Investigators

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210329, (Released:2021-11-13)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns and settings of use are available from several European countries.Methods: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017-2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ≥15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.Results: 2.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.2-2.7) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (i.e., users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden, in particular in workplaces (34.9%), and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (p for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (p for trend 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI: 1.80-7.30).Conclusions: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.

著者

佐々木 孝弘

出版者

アメリカ学会

雑誌

アメリカ研究 (ISSN:03872815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.40, pp.1-17, 2006-03-25 (Released:2010-11-26)

参考文献数

38

著者

昆 恵介 福士 幹太 辻 智悠 佐藤 健斗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本義肢装具士協会

雑誌

POアカデミージャーナル (ISSN:09198776)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.107-114, 2021 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

19

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本研究では国内でこれまでに流通してきた膝装具の代表的ものとして、OAファンタジー、CBブレース、アンローダーワンを取り上げ、装具の矯正力について比較し、その特徴と差異を明確にすることを目的とした。方法は膝内反変形を再現した模擬生体(ファントムモデル)に各種膝装具を装着し、装具が発生している矯正力を動作解析によって計測を行った。結果として、膝装具はいずれも変形性膝関節症患者の変形を矯正するに必要な3点支持の矯正力を発揮していないことを明らかにした。

著者

大淵 寛

出版者

日本人口学会

雑誌

人口学研究 (ISSN:03868311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.34-41, 1978-03-01 (Released:2017-09-12)