著者
グリュック ロバート 横山 哲郎
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.3, pp.3_108-3_128, 2016-07-25 (Released:2016-08-10)

A linear-time reversible self-interpreter in an r-Turing complete reversible imperative language is presented. The proposed imperative language has reversible structured control flow operators and symbolic tree-structured data (S-expressions). The latter data structures are dynamically allocated and enable reversible simulation of programs of arbitrary size and space consumption. As self-interpreters are used to show a number of fundamental properties in classic computability and complexity theory, the present study of an efficient reversible self-interpreter is intended as a basis for future work on reversible computability and complexity theory as well as programming language theory for reversible computing. Although the proposed reversible interpreter consumes superlinear space, the restriction of the number of variables in the source language leads to linear-time reversible simulation.
著者
坂井 一男
出版者
The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan
雑誌
鉄と鋼 (ISSN:00211575)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.12, pp.1591-1598, 1974-10-01 (Released:2010-10-12)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
3 4

The paper presented a calculation of thrmal stress in a cylindrical steel induced during cooling by introduction of strain-history into Hara's calculation method.Calculation was based on elastic-plastic theory and total strain was calculated by non-linear integral equation through a successive integration. Plastic strain was calculated by total strain theory and stress-strain diagram.A calculation was made for a cylindrical steel bar with 1500mm in diameter quenched in mist from 850°C, and the results are as follows.(1) Tensile stresses (δt, δz, ) at surface of bar are the largest, when temperature difference between surface and core was the largest.(2) Stresses (δt, δz) at starting point of transformation always show the maximum tensile values.(3) Reverse of stresses (δr, δt, δz) takes place after completion of transformation of core.(4) At final stage of cooling, core has tensile stresses (δr, δt, δz) and surface layer has compressive stresses (δt, δz) of characteristic pattern.
出版者
大蔵省
巻号頁・発行日
vol.明治41年, 1912
著者
小島 千裕 小島 千裕
出版者
北海道大学大学院教育学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学大学院教育学研究院紀要 (ISSN:18821669)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.126, pp.19-41, 2016-06-30

This study clarifies the status of dialect correction in elementary school education and examines the formation of the “national language,” focusing on Iwate Prefecture in the Meiji 30’s. The educational magazine titled “Iwate Gakuji Iho” and writings produced by Iwate Prefecture Normal School were used to collect historical data for this analysis. Iwate Prefecture Normal School established a guideline for the use of standard language instead of dialect, and considered that the dialect should be corrected timely through the whole curriculum based upon Japanese language education. In fact, some of the elementary schools, under the guidance of an enthusiastic county school inspector, worked on the task of the dialect correction. They viewed the fact that the language spoken by children was quite different from the language used in readers as a point of controversy. And, in some cases, they worked on such correction as a part of teaching of manners. However, there were many difficult issues to be addressed such as their tendency to be eager to teach characters in Japanese language education, continuation of thorough correction, and methods to take steps on correction. Therefore, they made few approaches to the correction during this period. However, it may be concluded that the common practice of pursing the language capacity to be taught and acquired in school led to the dialect correction and the formation of the “national language.”
著者
八宮 孝夫 HACHIMIYA Takao
出版者
筑波大学附属駒場中・高等学校研究部
雑誌
筑波大学附属駒場論集 = Bulletin of Junior & Senior High School at Komaba, University of Tsukuba (ISSN:13470817)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.151-176, 2018-03

筆者は、2010年までの6年間、中1から高3まで通して英語を担当し、「「私家版」中高6 年間の英語カリキュラム」(以後、「旧私家版」と称す)として、本校の論集(『駒場論集50集』)にまとめた。それから2017年3月までの6年間、再度中高6年間英語を担当し、「旧私家版」を改訂しつつ、実践を重ねてきた。本稿では、その「改訂版」を提示しつつ、以前のものを踏襲している点、異なる点、改善した点など具体的に述べたいと思う。
著者
小池 春樹
出版者
日本神経治療学会
雑誌
神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.237-242, 2018 (Released:2018-12-25)
参考文献数
22

Peripheral neuropathy is caused by a variety of diseases. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is important because irreversible damage may occur. Although careful assessment of the mode of progression, symptoms and signs, blood and cerebrospinal fluid examinations, and electrophysiological studies may lead to diagnosis, nerve biopsy is also useful to determine the underlying diseases in some of the patients with neuropathy. Representative neuropathies are Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The degradation of the myelin sheath by macrophages has been reported in demyelinating form of GBS (i.e., acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) and CIDP, and been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. By contrast, recent studies suggested the association of autoantibodies directed against paranodal junctional proteins, such as anti–neurofascin 155 and anti–contactin 1 antibodies, to subpopulations of CIDP patients. Classical macrophage–induced demyelination is not observed in patients with these antibodies, whereas paranodal axo–glial dissection resulted from attachment of IgG4 antibodies to paranodal junctions plays a pivotal role in the mechanisms of neuropathy. Therefore, there are, at least, two distinct mechanisms that lead to nerve conduction abnormalities from pathological viewpoint. Physicians should take the variability of clinical and pathological findings of neuropathy.
著者
武下 草生子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会
雑誌
脳と発達 (ISSN:00290831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3, pp.179-183, 2019 (Released:2019-05-08)
参考文献数
20

慢性炎症性脱髄性多発根ニューロパチー (CIDP) は無治療下で2か月以上にわたり進行し, 緩徐または階段状の進行あるいは再発性の経過を示す, 自己免疫が介在する脱髄性・炎症性の末梢神経障害である. 15歳未満の有病率は10万人あたり0.23人とされ, 小児期においては比較的まれな疾患である. 経静脈的免疫グロブリン療法, 副腎皮質ステロイド, 血液浄化療法がファーストラインの治療法であり, これらの治療で反応不良な場合や, 副作用等で治療継続が困難な場合に免疫抑制薬等の補足的治療を検討する. 近年, 一部の患者でランビエ絞輪部近傍を標的とする自己抗体が報告され, CIDPには多様な臨床型が含まれることが明らかになってきている.
著者
太幡 直也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, no.3, pp.199-206, 2009 (Released:2012-03-14)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1 2

The feeling experienced by people during an interaction when another person seemingly notices something about them that they would rather conceal is referred to as a sense of unwanted transparency. This study investigated the effects of the reasons for concealment on the verbal strategies for managing the sense of unwanted transparency. Undergraduate participants were asked to pretend to be graduate students and to interview students who were confederates of the experimenter. The experimental conditions were the different reasons given for concealing that they were really undergraduate students. After the confederate's question aroused the sense of unwanted transparency, participants were asked a contrived question that the confederate said would be easy for a graduate student to answer. The results showed that the verbal strategies for answering the question were affected by the reasons for concealment. However, the reasons for concealment did not affect directly the verbal content and nonverbal responses from the sense of unwanted transparency.
著者
林 政彦 酒見 昌伸 安井 万奈 山﨑 淳司 堤 貞夫
出版者
宝石学会(日本)
雑誌
宝石学会誌 (ISSN:03855090)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.1-4, pp.3-16, 2016-04-30 (Released:2017-01-16)

縄文時代の6千年前頃から首飾り等に使われていたヒスイ(翡翠,ヒスイ輝石(Jadeite))は,主に新潟県糸魚川市~富山県朝日町周辺で産出したとされている.わが国では,新潟県以外にも鳥取県若桜町,岡山県新見市,兵庫県養父市あるいは長崎県長崎市などからも産することが報告されている。さらに外国では,ミャンマー,アメリカ,グアテマラ,ロシアなどが知られている。今回入手した各地の試料を調べた結果,輝石族の鉱物名分類(Morimotoら,1988)1)に従うと,ほとんどのものはヒスイ輝石であったが,いくつかの産地のものはオンファス輝石(Omphacite)と呼んだ方がよいものであった。
著者
海野 進
出版者
一般社団法人 日本鉱物科学会
雑誌
岩石鉱物科学 (ISSN:1345630X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.2, pp.63-75, 2019 (Released:2019-06-05)
参考文献数
70
被引用文献数
1

Boninite is the only igneous rock in the IUGS recommendations, which was named after a Japanese island ‘Bonin’, a corrupted Japanese of ‘Munin-to’. Homogeneous glass inclusions in chrome spinel of boninite from Ogasawara, Guam and Oman Ophiolite preserve at least three primary magmas followed by discrete fractionation paths designated high-silica, low-silica, and ultralow-silica boninites, in decreasing degree of source mantle depletion. The T-P conditions and the source depletion of boninites led to a model of subduction initiation along the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc at 52 Ma. The Philippine Sea and Pacific plate boundary was underlain by heterogeneous mantle with depleted harzburgite blocks embedded in depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle (DMM). Subsidence of the old and dense Pacific Plate caused upwelling of the heterogeneous mantle, causing adiabatic melting of DMM to MORB, while the refractory harzburgite was uplifted without melting. Fluids from the subducted slab induced flux melting of the MORB residue and harzburgite to generate low- and ultralow-silica boninites and high-silica boninite, respectively. The variations of magma geochemistry in the IBM arc indicate sustained subarc mantle convection, arc magmatism and backarc spreading, which were driven by trench retreat resulted from the foundering dense Pacific Plate. The Oman Ophiolite formed at a divergent plate boundary in the Neotethys and subsequently experienced arc tholeiite and low-silica boninite magmatism, indicating depletion of the source mantle through time. The arc magmatism was caused by thrusting of a rotating microplate over young and buoyant lithosphere, imposing a compressive stress field on the overriding plate. This prohibited forearc spreading and mantle wedge convection, leading to rapid cooling and termination of the arc magmatism in <3 Myr. Os isotopic modeling demonstrate that the enigmatic harzburgite for the IBM high-silica boninite source fractionated from the primitive upper mantle at 1.5-1.7 Ga, whereas the IBM (ultra) low-silica boninite source fractionated at 3.6-3.1 Ga. The average DMM and the source of Oman low-silica boninite differentiated at 2.6-2.0 Ga.
著者
神取 秀樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会
雑誌
生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.6, pp.291-298, 2015 (Released:2015-11-28)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
1

Photoreceptive proteins absorb light by chromophore molecule, and convert light into energy or signal. Ultrafast photoreactions such as electron transfer and isomerization allow efficient transitions from the electronically excited state of the chromophore, and stored light energy is utilized for each function. In case of light-energy conversion, light energy is finally stored as membrane potential, where proton is a principal component. Quinone pool facilitated by proton-coupled electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction center is a smart system to gain proton motive force. In contrast, light-driven ion pumping rhodopsins directly translocate protons, cations and anions. Ion-transporting rhodopsins are key tools in optogenetics, which revolutionize life sciences by control with light.
著者
山本 真紀子 影島 宏紀 志津田 陽平 瀬戸口 明日香 小笠原 茂里人 南 毅生 丸山 奈保 鈴木 基文 安部 茂
出版者
日本獣医皮膚科学会
雑誌
獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.3, pp.133-141, 2019 (Released:2019-09-20)
参考文献数
23

マラセチア皮膚炎は犬では一般的な皮膚疾患であるが,再発性となりやすい。従来のアゾール系抗真菌薬の内服・外用療法は,耐性菌出現や肝毒性が問題であり,シャンプー療法は簡便とは言えない。そこで今回ヒトの介護現場で用いられているスプレー剤に着目し,犬9頭のマラセチア皮膚炎が疑われる皮膚病変部に1日2回ずつ3週間用いて臨床的な効果を検討した。試験期間を通した有害事象として1頭に軽度の一過性の発赤が認められたが,すぐに自然に消退した。スプレー使用により皮疹の重症度スコアとPVASは統計学的に有意に減少した(P<0.01)。病変部のマラセチア菌数は減少する傾向があるものの統計学的な有意差は認められなかった(P<0.01)。皮疹の重症度スコアとPVASが改善した要因としてスプレー剤の主成分であるD-LYZOXの抗炎症作用が考えられたことから,主成分であるD-LYZOXの抗炎症効果についてin vitroで検討した。抗炎症効果の検討には健康犬の好中球活性の抑制作用を用いた。D-LYZOXは犬由来の好中球の粘着反応を抑制し,抗炎症作用の存在が示唆された。以上よりヒト用のD-LYZOX含有スプレーはマラセチア皮膚炎が疑われた犬の皮膚病変部に対してPVAS,皮疹の重症度スコアを改善することが示唆された。またこれら臨床的な効果と,好中球機能の抑制との関連を明らかにする必要性を考察した。
著者
寺北 明久
出版者
日本比較生理生化学会
雑誌
比較生理生化学 (ISSN:09163786)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.1, pp.3-9, 2006-01-30 (Released:2007-10-05)
参考文献数
27

脊椎動物の視覚の光受容体ロドプシンは, G蛋白質共役型受容体 (GPCR) の一種であり, 唯一3次元立体構造が決定されるなど, GPCRの中で最も研究の進んでいる蛋白質の1つである。一方, 他のGPCRがアゴニストと呼ばれる外来性の化学物質 (ホルモンや神経伝達物質) を結合して活性化されるのと対照的に, ロドプシンは分子内にインバースアゴニスト (アンタゴニスト) と呼ばれる不活性化物質11-シス型レチナールを結合しており, 光エネルギーを使ってそれをアゴニストである全トランス型レチナールに変換して活性状態になる。著者らは, 頭索動物ナメクジウオの光受容体が, 脊椎動物のロドプシンと同様にアンタゴニストと結合して光で活性状態になるのみならず, アゴニストである全トランス型レチナールを直接結合して活性化される能力も持っていることを発見した。このロドプシンが示す一般のGPCR様の性質と光受容体としての性質とについて詳細に解析した結果, ロドプシンの分子進化過程で備わった視覚の暗ノイズを低下させるための分子機構についての知見も得られた。また, ナメクジウオロドプシンの新しいロドプシンモデルとしての可能性についても考察する。