著者

ヤヌス・シコルスキー著 原勝洋訳

出版者

光人社

巻号頁・発行日

2010

著者

河島 進 井上 陽子 示野 哲也 藤原 洋

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.498-505, 1990-02-25

被引用文献数

2

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Rectal absorption of morphine from various kinds of suppository bases was investigated. The extent of bioavailability of morphine by rectal administration varied with the bases used (30.5-97.5%), but every value was higher than that in the case of oral administration (13.5%). Witepsol bases were preferable to macrogol base for the rectal absorption of morphine. In particular, Witepsol S-55 or W-35 gave a higher plasma peak level than H-15 or E-75,whereas the difference in the mean residence times obtained from these bases could not be regarded as significant. Sustained-release suppositories of morphine could be prepared simply by mixing alginic acid (Alg) with morphine in a suppository base. Further, prolonged rectal absorption could be obtained by using these sustained-release suppositories, and the absorption rate was controlled by the amount of Alg added. It seems likely that the sustained release was due to the binding of morphine to Alg from the results of partition coefficient and binding ratio measurements in aqueous solution. The rapid initial absorption and the subsequent prolonged absorption of morphine simultaneously obtained from the morphine-Alg suppository may be useful in the clinical context.

出版者

大阪府

巻号頁・発行日

no.(4636), 2016-07-22

著者

村松 聡

出版者

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科紀要 (ISSN:24327344)

巻号頁・発行日

no.62, pp.27-43, 2017-03-15

著者

SEKI Shu ACHARYA Anjali KOIZUMI Yoshiko SAEKI Akinori TAGAWA Seiichi MOCHIDA Kunio

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.12, pp.1690-1691, 2005-12-05

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

17

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The photoconductive properties of a series of oligogermanes with dendrite or linear skeleton have been studied by flash photolysis time-resolved conductivity (FP-TRMC) technique. The values of mobility (&Sigma;&mu;) and photocarrier generation yield (&phi;) have been discussed as a function of C<SUB>60</SUB> concentration. The &phi;&Sigma;&mu; values in the order of 10<SUP>&minus;4</SUP> to 10<SUP>&minus;3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/Vs were observed for the oligogermanes upon exposure to 532, 355, and 193 nm light. The intrinsic value of mobility in the derivatives was also estimated without contribution from the additives, suggesting the presence of a highly conducting path along the Ge backbones of not only linear oligogermanes but also hyper-branched germanium dendrites.

著者

谷釜 尋徳

出版者

東洋大学スポーツ健康科学委員会

雑誌

スポーツ健康科学紀要 = JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE (ISSN:13461087)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.1-17, 2017-03

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This study discusses the use of staves and techniques of the body on thoroughfares in the late modern period.The study’s findings can be summarized as follows :1. For a male traveler, a cane did not serve as a walking aid. For a female traveler, a cane represented awalking aid or a fashion accessory.2. People engaged in the transport of goods on roads (express messengers, palanquin bearers, street vendors)all used staves or poles to carry a load on one shoulder while running or walking. This body technique ledto less fatigue when transporting a load.3. When people using thoroughfares stopped to rest, they used staves to support themselves and their baggage.

著者

杵淵 恵美子 吉田 安子

出版者

駒沢女子(短期)大学 学長 光田 督良

雑誌

駒沢女子大学研究紀要. 人間健康学部・看護学部編 = The faculty journal of Komazawa Women's University (ISSN:24347574)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.61-68, 2018

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1961年から2016年までの55年間で、家族計画に関する女性の行動として避妊法の利用にどのような変化があったのか明らかにするため、既存資料から検討を行った。先行研究および統計資料から、避妊の実行状況、避妊の実施方法、不妊手術件数・実施率、人工妊娠中絶件数・実施率の経年変化についてデータを収集した。その結果、最も利用されていた避妊方法は55年間変化なくコンドームであった。避妊効果の高い低用量経口避妊薬や子宮内避妊器具・子宮内避妊システムは利用率が低いままであった。不妊手術件数(女性)は約1/9に減少し、人工妊娠中絶件数も約1/6に減少していた。しかし、20歳未満の人工妊娠中絶件数は一時期増加し、実施率も1961年の水準には戻っていなかった。日本女性の避妊法利用に顕著な変化は確認できず、若年世代への教育支援やライフステージおよび女性個々の状況に合った避妊効果の高い方法を選択できるような働きかけが必要と考えられた。

著者

Kaieda Yoshinari Oguchi Atsushi

出版者

社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals (ISSN:00214434)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.83-95, 1981

被引用文献数

4

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In order to clarify the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the brittle fracture stress, the three-point bending tests have been carried out for an Fe&ndash;Cr alloy (&sigma; phase) containing about 47%Cr and 0.7%Si at atmospheric pressure and under 800 MPa at temperatures up to 1200 K. In the temperature range from room temperature to 1140 K, the specimens remained in the &sigma; phase and the transgranular cleavage fracture occurred under both pressures. By scanning electron microscopy, the fracture surface was found to comprise the river pattern and the Wallner lines. The fracture stress at atmospheric pressure increased gradually with increasing temperature to about 1000 K and increased rapidly at higher temperatures. The same tendency was observed in the tests under 800 MPa but the fracture stress under 800 MPa was always higher than that at atmospheric pressure, and the difference between these stresses became larger at temperatures higher than about 1000 K. From a consideration of the stress condition around a crack, a formula &sigma;<I><SUB>FP</SUB></I>=&sigma;<SUB><I>F</I>0</SUB>+<I>P</I>&frasl;<I>K</I><SUB>&sigma;</SUB> was proposed to represent the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the brittle fracture stress at low temperatures, where &sigma;<SUB><I>F</I>0</SUB> and &sigma;<I><SUB>FP</SUB></I> are the fracture stresses at atmospheric pressure and under high pressure, <I>P</I> is the pressure in positive sign and <I>K</I><SUB>&sigma;</SUB> is the stress concentration factor at the crack. At higher temperatures, <I>K</I><SUB>&sigma;</SUB> was replaced by Neuber&rsquo;s plastic stress concentration factor <I>K</I><SUB>&sigma;</SUB><SUP>*</SUP>.

著者

石間 紀男

出版者

農林省食品総合研究所

雑誌

食品総合研究所研究報告 (ISSN:03019780)

巻号頁・発行日

no.29, pp.9-15, 1974-03

被引用文献数

2

著者

蘇日塔拉図 外山 寛 小杉 剛 木竜 徹 林 豊彦 飯島 淳彦 前田 義信 山崎 健

出版者

公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会

雑誌

生体医工学 (ISSN:1347443X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.98-105, 2010-02-10 (Released:2010-11-17)

参考文献数

17

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Visually induced motion sickness is one of the detrimental effects of video images on human psychosomatic state. Several studies for alleviating this effect have been cumulated in recent years. One of the studies reported that people with high heart rate tended to be immune to the motion sickness. This fact motivated us to assume that the increase of subjects' heart rate through physical exercise before video watching could prevent them from the motion sickness. Then we investigated the effects of video exposure with such pre-exercise on the motion sickness. First we recorded psychosomatic state of 23 volunteers using the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) before and after watching extremely unpleasant video images of a mountain-bike ride capable of visually inducing motion sickness. Then we classified them into nausea and non-nausea groups, based on SSQ evaluation. Subjects' heart rate in nausea group increased gradually during video exposure, while that in non-nausea group was nearly constant. By imposing a 5-minute pre-exercise on 12 subjects in nausea group before video exposure, 10 subjects became immune to the motion sickness, demonstrating that the pre-exercise would be efficient for alleviating the motion sickness. In addition subjects' heart rate in nausea group remained at a higher level during video exposure than at rest, whereas it returned to the rest level immediately after the pre-excise without video exposure.

著者

氏平 祐輔 中西 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会

雑誌

RADIOISOTOPES (ISSN:00338303)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.9, pp.511-520, 1981-09-15 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

56

著者

伊藤 真二 山口 仁志 小林 剛 長谷川 良佑

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 = Japan analyst (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.6, pp.529-536, 1996-06-05

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

14 10

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グロー放電質量分析法(GD-MS)により,ニッケル基耐熱合金中の合金元素(Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Y, Nb, Mo, Ta及びW)並びに微量元素(B, C, Mg, P, S, Zn, Ga, As, Zr,Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Pb及びBi)の定量法を検討した.スペクトル干渉などについて詳細に調べた結果, Se, Agを除いてその影響がないことを確認した.JAERI CRM, NIST SRM, Bs CRMs, BCS CRMs及び自家製Ni合金標準試料の16種を測定し,表示値とGD-MS測定値から得られた相対感度係数(RSF)を評価した.RSF値による補正を行ったGD-MS定量値の正確さ(σ<SUB>d</SUB>)をファンダメンタル・パラメータ法-蛍光X線分析法(FP-XRF)による値と比較した結果, Cr, Feではやや劣るものの,そのほかの合金元素はFP-XRFによる定量値の正確さとほぼ同等であった.繰り返し分析精度は, P, Sを除いて相対標準偏差(RSD)で2.5%以内と良好な値であった.実用ODS合金MA 6000の合金成分の定量値は,FP-XRF定量値とよく一致した.又,有害微量不純物元素などの定量結果は,黒鉛炉原子吸光法による値あるいは化学分析値と一致し,本法がNi基耐熱合金の合金成分から微量成分元素定量に適用できることを確認した.

著者

岡崎 敦

出版者

公益財団法人史学会

雑誌

史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.9, pp.1742-1743, 2000-09-20

著者

吉田 琢哉 高井 次郎

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.89-106, 2008 (Released:2008-08-06)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

4 1

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The effects of expression or non-expression of negative emotions have been of particular interest to researchers of emotion regulation. Among the variety of negative emotions, anger poses a particularly detrimental consequence on interpersonal relationships and mental health, whether expressed or not. The constructive expression of anger and trial of revision has been the recent focus of an effective method of anger regulation. However, the most effective tactic is contingent on the interpersonal relationship with the agent of arousal, as norms pertaining to emotional expression may differ depending on the level of intimacy or power distance. Thus, the present study examined the moderating effect of relational variables with the agent of anger arousal. A native anger regulation scale suggested a five-factor structure: Emotional expression, Constructive expression, Expression toward third person, Suppression, and Reappraisal attempt. To confirm the moderating effects of interpersonal relations, evaluations of past anger-arousing experiences between two conditions, one toward a non-intimate target with higher status, and another toward an intimate target with equal status, were compared. Results suggested that Reappraisal attempt had a positive effect on relationship evaluation in the non-intimate, higher status condition, while constructive expression had a positive effect in the intimate, equal status condition. Further examination of relationship factors, content of anger experience, and other moderating factors was discussed.

著者

青島 周一

出版者

医学書院

雑誌

総合診療 (ISSN:21888051)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.7, pp.954-958, 2018-07-15

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処方カスケードとは 薬物有害反応によりもたらされた身体症状が「新たな医学的プロブレム」と誤認されてしまい、その治療のために他の薬剤が追加で処方されることがあります1)。 たとえば、アムロジピンの薬物有害反応として下肢浮腫があげられますが、この浮腫がアムロジピンによるものと認識されずに、利尿薬が追加投与されてしまう、というような状況です。また、追加投与された利尿薬が頻尿症状をもたらし、さらに抗コリン薬の追加投与につながってしまうこともあるでしょう。

著者

井谷 惠子

出版者

Japanese Society of Sport Education

雑誌

スポーツ教育学研究 (ISSN:09118845)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.1-17, 2000-05-31 (Released:2010-08-10)

参考文献数

52

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The status of the fitness goals in physical education in the USA.: with reference to the requests by society in general since the 1980's.Physical education professionals have become aware the role of national fitness and have tended to regard the fitness goals as more important in the USA since the 1980's. The purpose of this study was to discuss the status of the fitness goals in physical education by looking at the social factors which influenced their status, the Standards for Physical Education, and reviews by various reserchers. The results were as follows;1. Educational reforms since the 1980's have given rise to the tendency of adding importance to academic subjects and have brought the decline of the level of physical education. “Physical” is recognized as the identity of physical education and increased attention is again being focused on this word in order to resolve the crisis.2. The issues of health and fitness have been recognized as serious, nation wide problems. Several Surgoen General reports and recomendations by related academies called for an increased positive role of physical education.3. The National Standards for Physical Education published by NASPE in 1995 strongly focused on fitness standards. Psycho-moter, cognitive, physical, affective and social development have been traditional goals of physical education, with the addition of physical activity, itself now being realized as a primary goal.4. Various reserchers regard fitness as important. This change in understanding about the needs of fitness and of social changes have placed a new level of responsiblity on the role of fitness. Further more, various reserchers suggested fitness programs have changed their emphasis from high level fitness training to improvement in attitudes about the needs of fitness, knowledge base and the requirement of independent ongoing physical activities related to fitness throughout our lifetime.

出版者

Buchdruckerei der Lorgauer Bank

巻号頁・発行日

1899

著者

富助一 著

出版者

文化書房

巻号頁・発行日

1930

出版者

東京市教育局

巻号頁・発行日

1939

著者

加納 正雄

出版者

滋賀大学教育学部

雑誌

滋賀大学教育学部紀要 人文科学・社会科学・教育科学 (ISSN:05830044)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.p25-34, 1988