著者

友弘 一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 軽金属学会

雑誌

軽金属 (ISSN:04515994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.13-23, 1987-01-30 (Released:2008-07-23)

著者

袖井 孝子

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.50-67,105, 1970-09-30 (Released:2009-11-11)

参考文献数

1

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The decline in ideological class politics in an advanced industrial society has been widely publicized. Lipset (1955) maintains that in periods of prosperity, status politics appeals to resentments of individuals who desire to improve their social status, while in periods of depression, class politics appeals to individuals who demand the redistribution of income.The purpose of this article is to explore a tendency toward status politics from class politics in Japan. The data are drawn from interviews with 688 adult males in Tokyo metropolitan area in 1967.We found more than eighty per cent of our sample admitted the existence of class differences mainly based on economic inequality, and Liberal Democratic affiliation is positively associated with socioeconomic status. However, party affiliation along the social class line does not bring forth ideologically-oriented class conflict. Despite their identification with rather lower social stratum, they are satisfied with their present life, and have optimistic views of their future. Though the expansion of their class interest appeals to them, they do not want to attain this goal. by overthrowing the opposition, but they expect affuluence of society to come through cooperation of all classes. Such attitudes seem to be shaped by historical, cultural and geographical factors as well as political leadership ; that is 1) racial, linguistic and religious homogeneity, and geographical isolation strengthen conformity, 2) lack of specific class-culture prevents the formation of strong class identification, and 3) each party tries to hide political cleavage in order to increase its supporters.Today a real political cleavage exists not along the party line but between those who support the established parteis and those who deny them. Analyzing the “non-supporters” may help to explain the source and orientation of political conflict in the coming age.

著者

狩野 芳伸 神門 典子

出版者

情報知識学会

雑誌

情報知識学会誌 (ISSN:09171436)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.179-184, 2013-05-25 (Released:2013-07-25)

参考文献数

7

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「ロボットは東大に入れるか」プロジェクトでは、最初の課題として大学入試センター試験の自動解答を目指している。本稿では、そのうち歴史系科目を対象とした解答器作成の試みを報告する。我が国の大学入試は、基本的に高校教科書の範囲内から出題されることになっている。しかし、人工知能が機械的に解くという観点でみると、範囲内というのは曖昧さがあるうえ、潜在的に人間の常識や知能を前提にしている。我々はあくまで教科書内の知識のみを用いるアプローチで、どこまで自動解答が可能かを試みた。歴史系科目とセンター試験の特性を鑑みて、解答にあたってはあえて論理的な構造や解析を排除し、教科書内の表現が肯定的であることを前提に単語を基本とする知識でどこまで解答可能かを探った。

著者

松本 貞輔

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.41-42, 1988-09-25 (Released:2007-09-28)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1

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An anomalous chick of the Green Pheasant Phasianus c. versicolor with a body and 4 legs was found on 20 May 1985 in the mountain in Kameoka City, Kyoto Pref. It was caught alive as the female pheasant flushed, but died shortly in captivity.

著者

Yoshihiro Nakashima

出版者

日本熱帯生態学会

雑誌

Tropics (ISSN:0917415X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.151-164, 2015 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

3 19

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I compiled a list of medium- and large-sized mammals (excluding Rodentia) in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon. Additionally, I evaluated the efficiency of camera trapping for inventorying these animals. I placed 125 camera traps (set to “video mode”) in forest and savannah in the eastern regions of the park, and compared my data with visual and acoustic observational records from the study area since 1999. I confirmed the occurrence of 38species (11Primates, 13 Carnivora, nine Ungulates, and five other taxa). During 4165 camera-days, my camera traps detected 29 out of the 38species (76%), including 10 newly-recorded species in the study area. However, a high proportion of cameras (40%) in savannah were destroyed by Loxodonta africana. Furthermore, using this technique, it was difficult to detect arboreal species. It was also difficult to discriminate morphologically similar species (Cephalophus spp., Phataginus spp., and Galago spp.) from the captured images. These species can be more appropriately detected by visual sighting, acoustic hearing, and molecular techniques, suggesting that a combination of these techniques may increase the inventory efficiency. The number of forest-dwelling herbivores was lower in Moukalaba than in four other sites at or near Gabon, possibly because of separation from large Pleistocene refuges by a natural boundary. Nevertheless, Moukalaba harbors two savannah-dwellers─Kobus ellipsiprymnus and Herpestes ichneumon─which inhabit only a few protected areas of Gabon. The forest is invading the savannah, and therefore there is a requirement for regular burning, which must be enforced to preserve the totality of the existing biodiversity.

著者

三成 由美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.139-141, 2013 (Released:2013-10-18)

参考文献数

7

著者

Hiroaki Takahashi Takeshi Chiba Tomohiko Tairabune Yusuke Kimura Go Wakabayashi Katsuo Takahashi Kenzo Kudo

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.853-857, 2014-05-01 (Released:2014-05-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 9

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It is unknown whether nutritional status influences pain intensity in cancer patients receiving a transdermal fentanyl patch (FP). This study aimed to determine whether nutritional status is associated with pain intensity and to evaluate the influence of changes in nutritional status on pain intensity in cancer patients receiving transdermal FP treatment. We included 92 patients receiving transdermal FP treatment for the first time with switching from oxycodone. The patients were classified into low- and normal-nutrition groups based on their nutritional status, which was assessed according to the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) parameters. The pain intensity of each patient was evaluated by a numeric rating scale (11-point scale from 0 to 10). NRS 2002 score and pain intensity were obtained on day 3 after the FP was applied to the skin. Pain intensities were significantly higher among patients in the low-nutrition group than among patients in the normal-nutrition group. NRS 2002 scores showed a significant positive correlation with the pain intensities. In 52 of 92 patients, who were evaluated using the NRS 2002 score and pain intensity on day 30 after FP application, the changes in NRS 2002 scores were significantly related to changes in pain intensities (odds ratio, 30.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.48–200.97; p=0.0005). These results suggest that an increase in the NRS 2002 score is a risk factor for an increase in pain intensity in cancer patients receiving FP treatment. Malnutrition may lead to poor pain management in cancer patients receiving FP treatment.

著者

大谷 卓史

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.12, pp.933-935, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

16

著者

大谷 壽一 今岡 鮎子 秋好 健志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.3, pp.529-534, 2015 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

6

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In Japan, it is illegal to sell pharmaceuticals on Internet auction sites, although a considerable number of pharmaceuticals are listed on such sites. We investigated the current situation regarding the illegal trade in pharmaceuticals on Japanese Internet auction sites and the responses of site administrators to such transactions. We searched for pharmaceuticals and “gray” items that were suspected of being pharmaceuticals on Yahoo-oku! (Yahoo! Auctions, Japan) over a 37-day period and then submitted violation reports indicating that selling pharmaceuticals is illegal or that the description of an item was insufficient. The reports were directed to the site administrators and forwarded to the sellers. One hundred and six pharmaceutical products and 34 gray items were identified during the study period. After the submission of the violation reports, only 28 of the pharmaceutical products and one of the gray items were deleted by the administrator, while 18 of the pharmaceutical products and 7 of the gray items were withdrawn by their sellers. However, 41 pharmaceuticals and 20 gray items were sold. Most of the gray items were listed using characteristic terms or abbreviations without photographic images. More than 70% of the identified pharmaceuticals had a contraindication(s) other than hypersensitivity. In conclusion, the illegal trade in pharmaceuticals on Internet auction sites remains a serious problem in Japan, and the responses of site administrators to such transactions are inadequate. The government and pharmaceutical industry may have to take measures such as providing public and administrative guidance to stop the illegal trade in pharmaceuticals on the Internet.

著者

Ajay K. Sah Chebrolu P. Rao Pauli K. Saarenketo Kari Rissanen

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.12, pp.1296-1297, 2001 (Released:2003-04-04)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

16

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In order to understand the binding nature of the glycosylamines possessing imine functionality, a novel tetranuclear Ni(II) complex of N-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4,6-O-ethylidene-β-D-glucopyranosylamine having twisted Ni4O4 cubane core was synthesized and structurally characterized.

著者

K. AICHI

出版者

THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN , The Mathematical Society of Japan

雑誌

Tokyo Sugaku-Buturigakkwai Kizi Dai 2 Ki (ISSN:21852693)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.14, pp.266-278, 1908-02-15 (Released:2010-03-16)

参考文献数

3

著者

土田 滋

出版者

日本言語学会

雑誌

言語研究 (ISSN:00243914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.84, pp.146-152, 1983-11-15 (Released:2013-05-23)

参考文献数

7

著者

Yoshiya Maegawa Shinichi Mochizuki Noriko Miyamoto Yusuke Sanada Kazuo Sakurai

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.153, pp.13-29, 2015-01-25 (Released:2015-01-23)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

1

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β-1,3-D-グルカンの一種であるシゾフィラン(SPG)はホモ配列のオリゴデオキシヌクレオチド(ODN)と水素結合や疎水性相互作用によってODN/SPG複合体を形成する。また、マクロファージや樹状細胞などの抗原提示細胞上には、β-1,3-D-グルカンの受容体であるデクチン-1が発現している。そのため、この複合体を用いることで、アンチセンスODN(AS-ODN)や非メチル化CpG配列を持ったODN(CpG-ODN)を抗原提示細胞に特異的に送達することが可能になると考えられる。実際、AS-ODN/SPG複合体をリポ多糖誘導型マウス肝炎モデルに投与したとき、炎症を抑えることができた。また、カニクイザルにCpG-ODN/SPG複合体をインフルエンザワクチンのアジュバントとして投与したとき、高い抗体価を促すことができた。以上より、SPGは特に抗原提示細胞を標的にした薬物送達システムのキャリアとして有用であると考えられる。

著者

森川 洋

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.1, pp.10-30, 1997-02-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper is focused on the modernizing process of urban functions in Japanese cities which should remarkably transformed since the end of feudal age ; the transformation of dominant urban functions from parasitic character through central function to management function in main cities of nonmetropolitan areas.First, examining the comparative descriptions between the end of Edo Period and the early Meiji Era mentioned in 'the Annual Report of Commercial Situation (Shokyo Nenpo)' published in 1877 and 1878, we can often reveal the properties of urban functions and urban systems in the comparative descriptions with the end of Edo Period. According to such an analysis the castle towns forming the main element of Japanese urban system in feudal age can be recognized as a kind of parasitic cities, because the merchants of castle towns mainly supplied the necessary goods to samurais inhabited in their own towns. While foods and fuels were transported into castle towns from the surrounding rural areas, the merchants of castle towns could not supply many goods with the same intensity to inhabitants of the rural areas. Besides the circulation of commodities controlled within the territory of clans, Edo (the old name of Tokyo), Osaka and Kyoto functioned as the triple centers within the whole country through oversea transportation of goods. Accordingly, the hierarchical structure of two strata can be recognized in the urban system in those days : national urban system due to the triple centers and the regional and local urban systems in clan territories. The latter usually consisted of smaller areas with castle towns as a center than in the present prefectural areas.Since the Meiji Restauration in 1868 the free economic competition has become active among cities or towns. As the merchants of castle towns lost their privileges, most of castle towns declined, at least temporally. Although there are no adequate materials to analyze central place functions, it can be estimated that they played an especially important role as urban functions in the early Meiji Era except for traffic functions because manufacturing industry has still not developed. Central place functions such as administration, education, health service, etc. were gradually established in larger centers, especially in prefectural capitals. Japanese industrial revolution occurred with singular form about from 1887 to 1907. Usually, larger centers grew and smaller ones declined, although a few new industrial towns appeared.Next, the author analyzed the branch offices of companies registered in Tokyo and Hiroshima Prefectures in 'the Main Staff List of Most Companies in Japan (Nihon Zenkoku Shohaisha Yakuinroku) in 1908 and 1935 in order to investigate firm activities in both periods. In 1908 the insurance companies located in Tokyo Prefecture already formed a network of branch offices in the main cities of the whole country including the present provincial capitals, but other firms such as manufacturing, wholesale-retail companies, etc. had only a few branch offices, mainly located in Osaka. During the period 1908 to 1935 firm activities were largely developed and the number of branch offices increased evidently.We can classify the location patterns of branch offices in those days into 4 types, apart from the present location patterns in which their location in provincial capitals is dominant : the types located 1) in large markets or large cities such as Osaka, 2) in large cities in foreign countries or colonial capitals in those days, 3) in port towns such as Yokohama, Kobe, Moji, Shimonoseki, Otaru and Hakodate, and 4) in the present provincial capitals such as Sapporo, Sendai, Hiroshima and Fukuoka. Therefore, the present provincial capitals were still not so developed for the location of branch offices in 1935 as nowadays. In the years 1908 and 1935 Kanazawa was still an significant center.

著者

小西 良士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬剤学会

雑誌

薬剤学 (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.106-108, 2014 (Released:2014-09-01)

参考文献数

1

著者

永井 恒司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬剤学会

雑誌

薬剤学 (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.148-149, 2014 (Released:2014-09-01)

著者

古賀 祥子 伊藤 喜宏 日野 亮太 篠原 雅尚 海野 徳仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.75-90, 2012-01-25 (Released:2012-02-20)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 4

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A double-planed shallow seismic zone has been found in the northeastern Japan forearc region. However, the characterizations of the focal mechanisms of earthquakes in this zone, especially the lower plane events, cannot be carried out adequately due to low seismicity and poor station coverage on the focal sphere of the onshore P-wave polarity data. In this study, we determine the focal depth using the sP depth phase and the focal mechanisms using the P-wave initial motions observed by the ocean bottom cabled seismic stations and temporary autonomous ocean bottom seismic networks off Miyagi, as well as the onshore seismic networks. Seven focal mechanism solutions of events were precisely determined. Using the classification based on the dip angles of the T, B and P axes, we classified 21 weakly constrained focal mechanisms of other events having poor station coverage. All the determined solutions were of the thrust-faulting type regardless of the focal depth. The offshore observations helped considerably in constraining the focal mechanisms of these far-offshore earthquakes, especially their rake angles. Although previous studies had reported that the focal mechanisms of the upper and lower plane events show predominantly normal and reverse faulting respectively, our result showed that the thrust events in the upper plane seem to occur on the plate boundary. We found that the focal mechanisms change from normal faulting in the upper plane to reverse faulting in the lower plane at a depth of 15km from the plate boundary, possibly defining the depth of the neutral plane in the northeastern Japan forearc region included in the source area of the 1933 Mw8.4 Sanriku earthquake. The western edge of the normal faulting events along the upper plane is located about 70km inward from the trench axis. These results suggest that the earthquake-generating stress field in the double-planed shallow and deep seismic zone in the northeastern Japan arc can be explained by the bending-unbending model of the subducting Pacific plate.

著者

岡崎 薫

出版者

日本臨床麻酔学会

雑誌

日本臨床麻酔学会誌 (ISSN:02854945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.301-309, 2008 (Released:2008-04-16)

参考文献数

22

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プロポフォールに関する注目すべき留意点として, 注入時痛とpropofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) がある. 溶媒の違いが注入時痛に影響し, 中・長鎖脂肪乳剤プロポフォールではその痛みの程度と頻度が少なくなった. PRISはまれではあるものの致死性合併症である. 高用量プロポフォールの長期投与時に代謝性アシドーシス, 脂質異常症, 多臓器不全が進行し, 徐脈性不整脈, 心停止に至る. 乳酸アシドーシスやBrugada型心電図変化は前駆症状と考えられ, 認められたらただちにプロポフォール投与を中止する. 原因としてミトコンドリアにおける脂質代謝障害や, 遺伝子欠損症の関与が疑われている. 炭水化物の摂取不良に陥らないように解糖系代謝を正常に保ち, プロポフォールの過剰投与を避ける. PRISは麻酔科医が知っておくべき重大なトピックである.

著者

松本 三和夫

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.357-362, 2000-12-30 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

蔭山 正子 横山 恵子 中村 由嘉子 小林 清香 仁科 雄介 大島 巌

出版者

日本公衆衛生学会

雑誌

日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.10, pp.625-636, 2014 (Released:2014-11-27)

参考文献数

19

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目的 精神障がい者の家族を対象とした家族ピア教育プログラム「家族による家族学習会」の効果的な普及戦略を検討するために,プログラムを実施していない家族会を対象として,家族学習会の採用に関連する要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。方法 精神障がい者家族会連合会12か所と加盟する単位家族会を対象に,2013年 6~9 月に郵送で質問紙調査を実施した。分析枠組みは,ヘルスケア組織におけるプログラム普及の理論枠組みを適用し,プログラムの採用プロセスを 2 段階に分けた。第一段階のプログラムを把握する段階では,把握レベル(家族会で把握あり/家族会で把握なし)の 2 群,第二段階のプログラムの採用意思を決める段階では,実施予定(実施予定あり・検討/実施予定なし)の 2 群をそれぞれ従属変数とし,2 群間で比較した。プログラムを把握した段階については,多重ロジスティック回帰分析を行い,検討した。結果 10の精神障がい者家族会連合会から協力が得られた。加盟家族会のうち,家族学習会を実施したことのない177か所の家族会に調査票を送付し,110か所から回答を得た(回収率62.1%)。プログラムを把握する段階では,家族会所在市町村の人口が10万人以上であり(OR=5.53, 95%CI; 1.93–15.89),周囲にプログラムを積極的に勧める人がいて(OR=5.22, 95%CI; 1.46–18.69),連合会からプログラムのことを知った(OR=3.41, 95%CI; 1.27–9.17)家族会ほど,プログラムを家族会で把握していた。プログラムの採用意思を決める段階では,プログラムを家族会で把握していた39か所を分析した。プログラムを実施予定・検討中の家族会は,実施予定なしの家族会と比較して,役員数が多く,プログラム実施に必要なマンパワーがあり,意欲的な会員がいると思っている家族会が有意に多かった。また,実施予定・検討中の家族会は,プログラムの難しさ・リスク・労力といったプログラムの実施負担が少ないと思っており,プログラムを実施することで会員増や相互支援が進むことにつながると思っている家族会が有意に多く,プログラムが家族会や会員の関心と合致しており,周囲にプログラム実施に反対する人がいないと思っている家族会が有意に多かった。結論 本プログラムを知ってもらうためには,影響力の大きい人との協力と連合会を通した情報発信が有効であり,プログラムを採用してもらうためには,複数の家族会での合同実施,および,家族会に未入会の家族を対象に実施する方法が有効である。