著者

Daisuke Koga Tatsuo Ushiki

出版者

International Society of Histology and Cytology

雑誌

Archives of Histology and Cytology (ISSN:09149465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.5, pp.357-374, 2006 (Released:2007-03-12)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

20 36

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The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in different cells of the rat - epithelial principal cells in the epididymal duct, goblet cells in the jejunum, gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland and dorsal root ganglion cells - was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of osmium-macerated tissues. The Golgi apparatus in the epididymal principal cells took the shape of a candle flame with irregular-shaped cisterns, while those in the goblet cells of the jejunum were cup-shaped or cylindrical with flat cisterns. Gonadotrophs had a large spherical Golgi apparatus; this apparatus was composed of several concentric cisterns with large round windows through which the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and mitochondria extended into the center of the globular Golgi apparatus. Dorsal root ganglion cells had several small Golgi stacks scattered in the cytoplasm. In all Golgi apparatuses of the different cells examined in the present study, the cis-most cistern was generally composed of a flattened sheet with numerous small fenestrations on its wall. On the other hand, the shape of the trans-most cistern varied by cell type; it was generally composed of tubules and/or small sheets which were sometimes connected with each other to form a rather complicated structure. The cis-most cistern and the trans-most cistern were often closely associated with the rER although no direct communication was found between them. These findings indicate that the structure of the Golgi apparatus, especially its overall shape and the ultrastructure of the trans-most cistern, varies by cell type, a point to be considered in relation to the function of the individual cells.

著者

荒井 克俊

出版者

日本動物遺伝育種学会

雑誌

動物遺伝育種研究 (ISSN:13459961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.59-80, 2009 (Released:2012-02-07)

参考文献数

148

被引用文献数

3 4 3

著者

浜崎 健児

出版者

日本応用動物昆虫学会

雑誌

日本応用動物昆虫学会誌 (ISSN:00214914)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.35-40, 1999-02-25 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 4

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1. 水田における栽培管理の違いがアメリカカブトエビの発生に与える影響を明らかにするため,広島県下3地域の慣行農法水田と有機農法水田で,アメリカカブトエビの発生を調査した.慣行農法水田では8筆中5筆でアメリカカブトエビが発生したのに対し,有機農法水田では6筆すべてで発生しない現象が観察された.2. 東広島市吉川町の両農法水田で,アメリカカブトエビとその捕食者の一つと考えられる水生昆虫類の発生を調査したところ,両者の発生経過には関連性が認められなかった.よって,水生昆虫類は有機農法水田でアメリカカブトエビが発生しない要因ではないと考えられた.3. 東広島市吉川町の両農法水田から土壌を採取して人工水田を作製し,アメリカカブトエビ幼生を接種する実験を行った.慣行土壌水槽では,接種6日目以降,生存率が50%前後で推移したのに対し,有機土壌水槽では接種6日目までにすべての個体が死亡した.有機土壌水槽で測定された田面水のpHは,慣行土壌水槽に比べて明らかに低く,現地水田で測定された結果と同様の傾向を示したことから,田面水のpHは,有機農法水田でアメリカカブトエビ幼生が生存できない要因の一つとして関与することが示唆された.

著者

Steven HEINE

出版者

日本認知心理学会

雑誌

認知心理学研究 (ISSN:13487264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.63-71, 2018-02-28 (Released:2018-04-17)

参考文献数

6

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Psychology suffers from the problem of studying a narrow database: most research is conducted on samples that are from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic societies. The problem is both that many psychological phenomena appear differently across cultures, and that WEIRD samples are psychological outliers on many dimensions. I will review some evidence that reveals the extent of cultural diversity in various psychological processes, and will discuss some implications. In particular, the WEIRD people problem intersects with a recent concern of a replicability crisis in psychology because failed replications conducted in other cultures might indicate boundary conditions for an effect, rather than a problem with internal validity. Moreover, as one solution to the replicability crisis is to collect larger sample sizes this has the unwanted consequence of further incentivizing the reliance on cheap convenience samples, which would exacerbate the WEIRD people problem. Implications and recommendations will be discussed.

著者

池田 思朗 本間 希樹 植村 誠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用数理学会

雑誌

応用数理 (ISSN:24321982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.15-19, 2015-03-25 (Released:2017-04-08)

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In this paper, we show some examples of sparse modeling in astronomy. In many cases, astronomy data has sparsity. If we can utilize it, we will have better results. What is measured in astronomy is the electromagnetic wave of various wavelength. The technology used for each wavelength is different. We show three examples. For each of them, the sparse modeling plays an important role.

著者

Kounosuke Oisaki

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.10, pp.907-919, 2018-10-01 (Released:2018-10-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

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To conduct organic synthesis in the field of pharmaceutical science, methodologies that can easily and quickly supply compounds with high drug-likeness are highly desirable. Based on the original catalyst design concept “Radical-Conjugated Redox Catalysis (RCRC)” established during my research, various C(sp3)–H functionalizations and protein modifications have been developed, taking advantage of the high reactivity and chemoselectivity of the single-electron transfer process. This review focuses on the eight-year research efforts by my collaborators and me, from conception to results.

著者

宮澤 健一

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

日本學士院紀要 (ISSN:03880036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.87-115, 2006 (Released:2007-06-22)

被引用文献数

1

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With Japan's quicker-than-expected declining birth rate and aging population, the scale of activities in its medical, care and welfare sectors exceeds those of education and research, which are also components of Japan's public domain. This is bringing new issues into questions, including policy-related ones. In providing answers, it will be necessary to investigate the state of the medical, care and welfare sectors, while also taking a look from a wider perspective at the influence and function of these sectors as they interact within the wider economy and society. In elucidating this situation, I use as a tool input-output, or inter-industry, analysis, while attempting to widen its scope.

著者

Aya Goto Yusuke Tsugawa Keiya Fujimori

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20180015, (Released:2018-12-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7

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Background: Little is known about the association between the anxiety toward the effects of radiation on reproduction caused by the Fukushima nuclear accident and the birth rate of people in Fukushima. Therefore, we examined changes and associated factors of future pregnancy intention among mothers in Fukushima Prefecture.Methods: Using data from three postal surveys among women who registered their pregnancies in the prefecture (N = 6,751 in 2012, N = 6,871 in 2013, and N = 6,725 in 2014), we analyzed the factors associated with women’s intention of future pregnancy using multivariable logistic regression models.Results: The proportion of mothers with pregnancy intention increased from 53.5% in 2012 to 57.9% in 2014, especially among multiparas (P for trend <0.001). Factors inversely associated with pregnancy intention of both groups were older maternal age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.92 for primipara and 0.87 for multipara), poor subjective health (aOR 0.75 and 0.81, respectively), and presence of depressive symptoms (aOR 0.71 and 0.79, respectively) (P < 0.01 for all items). In addition, not living with husband (aOR 0.24), dissatisfaction with obstetrical care (aOR 0.89) and child abnormalities (aOR 0.72) were inversely associated with pregnancy intention among primiparas, while receiving infertility treatment (aOR 2.05) was positively associated among multiparas (P < 0.01 for all items). A separate analysis of 2012 and 2013 data showed that concern about radiation contamination of breast milk was associated with pregnancy intention among primiparas (aOR 0.61, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Mothers’ concern about radiation was associated with lower pregnancy intention, especially among primiparas. Providing quality obstetrical and mental health care and parenting support may be the keys to maintaining the temporal increase in fertility.

著者

Avril H. Underwood Ilka Straehler-Pohl Teresa J. Carrette Jessica Sleeman Jamie E. Seymour

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.143-153, 2018-11-21 (Released:2018-11-14)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

4

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This research presents the early life history stages of Malo maxima, a recently described tropical Australian cubozoan from the family Carukiidae, from sexual fertilisation to metamorphosis including planula, polyp, asexual reproductive strategies and young medusa. We discuss the similarities between M. maxima and two closely related carukiid species from Japan and Australia including morphology and behaviours previously undocumented in the class Cubozoa. All three carukiids can reproduce by mono-disk strobilation, a strategy common to all other orders of the class Scyphozoa but only recently described in Cubozoa.

著者

伊崎 聡志 葉山 惟大 照井 正

出版者

日本大学医学会

雑誌

日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.4, pp.156-160, 2016-08-01 (Released:2016-09-16)

参考文献数

18

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Malignant melanomas easily metastasize and are often resistant to conventional classical therapies, i.e., surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in patients with advanced/metastatic malignant melanoma. In recent years, rapid advances have been made in the immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. New medicines, which have been approved by Federal Drug Administration (FDA), have dramatically improved the clinical outcomes for patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma. Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptors. PD-1 is expressed on many immune cells, including T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. Engagement of PD-1 with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) induces functional exhaustion of the cytotoxic immune response. Nivolumab inhibits the PD-1 pathway, and thus activates the cytotoxic immune response. Although the immune checkpoint inhibitor tends to take a few months until it exhibits efficacy, once established, the efficacy often lasts for a long time. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors can have many adverse effects, including autoimmune-related inflammation. In particular, relevant severe adverse effects include interstitial pneumonia, colitis, liver dysfunction, thyroid disorders, and infusion reaction. Other affected organs include the skin, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Furthermore, several cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus have been reported in 2015 and 2016. Because we cannot predict what kinds of adverse effects will occur or when they will occur, we must observe patients carefully in order to detect any adverse events early on, and initiate appropriate treatments. The development of a number of new therapies will provide benefits for patients with malignant melanoma. Dermatologists must use these new drugs appropriately after determining the correct diagnostic information and providing supporting evidence.

著者

高井 研

出版者

日本微生物生態学会

雑誌

日本微生物生態学会誌 (ISSN:24241989)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.31-32, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-04-03)

著者

丸山 宏

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.269-275, 2013-08-01 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

3

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ビッグデータが普及するにつれ,データの多くはデータセンターではなく,ネットワークの辺縁部(エッジ)に格納され,処理される「エッジ・ヘビー・データ」の時代がくるとわれわれは予測する。このためのコンピューター・アーキテクチャは,現在のクラウドコンピューティングとは大きく異なるものになるだろう。われわれはエッジ・ヘビー・データ向けのアーキテクチャKrillの開発を進めている。このアーキテクチャは,データ価値密度を定義するデータ価値場と,確率的プログラミングモデルからなる。われわれは,この大きな変化を千載一遇のチャンスと捉え,ITのリーダーシップを取っていかなければならない。

著者

青木 啓二

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.229-239, 2017-07-01 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

7

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現在,大型トラックによる自動運転隊列走行システムや一般道での完全自動運転を目指した技術開発が行われている。本稿では現在国内外で研究開発されている自動運転車の現状を紹介するとともに,近年目覚ましい技術進化を遂げているディープラーニング等のAI技術や3次元デジタル道路地図とセンシング技術を融合したローカルダイナミックマッピング技術等の技術開発動向について,前回の執筆から2年以上が経過したため,2017年4月現在の最新情報を取りまとめた。

著者

谷口 哲一郎

出版者

公益財団法人 日本世論調査協会

雑誌

日本世論調査協会報「よろん」 (ISSN:21894531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, pp.23-28, 2011-10-31 (Released:2017-03-31)

著者

川上 泰雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.37_2, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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トップアスリートや舞踊家、音楽家など、様々なジャンルで活躍するエリート達は、いずれも人間の身体能力を極めて高いレベルで達成している「達人」であるといえる。人々を驚嘆、感動させるこうした達人たちの動きに関して精力的に研究・実践活動を進めている4名の専門家を演者としてお招きし、本シンポジウムを企画した。「達人技」の域に達する動作の機序、音楽・リズムとの絶妙な協調を成し遂げる情報処理能力や身体制御方略、そして人々の感動を呼ぶ達人の動きのポイントなどについて、各氏より最新の研究成果をご披露いただく。会場では「達人技を科学する」というテーマのもと、各演者の話題を中心に議論を行い、領域横断的な考察を深めることを目指す。シンポジウムに割り当てられる合計時間の関係から、パネルディスカッションは最小限とし、各演者のご発表と質疑応答にできる限りの時間を充てる予定である。バイオメカニクス研究領域はもちろん、ご興味をもたれる様々な研究領域の皆様のご参加と、積極的な意見交換をお願いする次第である。芸術の域にまで高められた人間の究極の動きに迫り、身体能力の多様な可能性を探りたい。

著者

HIROFUMI UZAWA

出版者

JAPANESE ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION

雑誌

季刊 理論経済学 (ISSN:0557109X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.59-62, 1962-09-30 (Released:2008-02-28)

参考文献数

12

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THE PURPOSE of this note is to show the equivalence of two fundamental theorems-Walras' Existence Theorem on the one hand and Brouwer's FixedPoint Theorem on the other.Walras' theorem1) is concerned with the existence of an equilibrium in the Walrasian system of general equilibrium and has been a problem of some importance in formal economic analysis since his work [12] appeared in 1874-7. It was, however, not until Wald's contributions, [10] and [11], that the existence problem was rigorously treated. Recent contributions, in particular those of Arrow and Debreu [2], McKenzie [6], NikaidÔ [7], and Gale [4], have shown that Walras' theorem is essentially a necessary consequence of Brouwer's FixedPoint Theorem. The latter theorem, 2)first proved by Brouwer [3] in 1911, also bears a fundamental importance in mathematics. It may be hence of some interest to see that Brouwer's theorem is in fact implied by Walras' theorem. It would indicate the reason that the general treatment of the existence pro blem in the Walrasian system had to wait for the development of the twentieth century mathematics.

著者

Takuya MAKI Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA Kyung-Won HONG Eiji INOUE Masami MAEJIMA Norio KANSAKU Yuichi TANABE Shin'ichi ITO

出版者

Japanese Society of Animal Breeding and Genetics

雑誌

The Journal of Animal Genetics (ISSN:13459961)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.95-104, 2008-12-01 (Released:2010-03-18)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

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日本犬標準6品種 (柴犬、紀州犬、四国犬、北海道犬、甲斐犬、秋田犬) の中で、柴犬は飼育数も多く最も馴染み深い。柴犬には、信州柴犬 (日保系・柴保系) 、山陰柴犬、美濃柴犬の3内種が存在し、形態や性格が異なる。先行する日本犬研究の多くは、柴犬の3内種を区分けしないで扱ってきたため、各内種内の遺伝的多様性や、内種間の遺伝的分化の程度は明らかでない。本研究では、柴犬3内種 (信州柴犬/日保系、信州柴犬/柴保系、山陰柴犬、美濃柴犬の4集団) に、比較として加えた7品種 (北海道犬、秋田犬、四国犬、薩摩犬、琉球犬、日本スピッツ、ラブラドール・レトリーバーの7集団) の計11集団、合計430頭に対して、マイクロサテライト17座位を用いて、解析した。用いた17座位による柴犬3内種 (4集団) の期待ヘテロ接合度の平均は、信州柴犬/日保系が0.641、信州柴犬/柴保系が0.480、山陰柴犬が0.508、美濃柴犬が0.588であり、他の7犬種の平均0.603と、大きく異ならない値を示した。また、柴犬3内種 (4集団) 問の遺伝的分化の程度は高度に有意であった (P<0.Ol) 。11集団間の枝分れ図では、柴犬の3内種 (4集団) は相互に近い位置関係を示したが、山陰柴犬は、他の2内種 (3集団) からはやや離れた位置関係にあった。この結果から、山陰柴犬は、信州柴犬 (日保系・柴保系) や美濃柴犬と異なる可能性が考えられた。また、柴犬3内種 (4集団) に属する個体問の枝分れ図では、個々の内種内は遺伝的に密にまとまっており、 (社) 日本犬保存会【日保】と天然記念物柴犬保存会【柴保】両系の問にも明確な差が認められた。このことから、各内種を保存・育成する会で、独自に血統が保持されてきたことが示唆された。今回の結果から、柴犬3内種 (4集団) 問は統計的に高度に有意な遺伝的分化を示しており、今後の研究では、柴犬は3内種 (4集団) 別に区分けして取り扱う必要がある、と考えられる。

著者

中溝 幸夫 Hiroshi Ono

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

テレビジョン学会誌 (ISSN:03866831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.10, pp.1373-1377, 1995-10-20 (Released:2011-03-14)

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このノートのポイントは, 良い英語論文 (日本語論文でも) を書くためには, 「文章構成 (organization) 」と「パラグラフ* (paragraph) 」の概念が最重要であるということです.

著者

横山 真弓 坂田 宏志 森光 由樹 藤木 大介 室山 泰之

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.65-71, 2008 (Released:2008-07-16)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

5

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兵庫県におけるツキノワグマの保護管理計画について,計画目標の達成状況と施策の効果を評価するモニタリングの現状と課題を報告する.実施しているモニタリングは,被害防止に直結する項目と生息状況の把握に必要となる項目を優先しており,個体数推定は行っていない.計画を施行した2003年から5年間に捕獲されたツキノワグマについては,学習放獣することを基本とし,総捕獲数(121頭)の86%(104頭)を学習放獣した.放獣後は,行動監視を徹底し,不要な捕殺を避ける一方,再被害を確認した場合には,速やかに次の対策に移行する措置をとった.これらの出没対応によって,個体数の減少に一定の歯止めをかけることができたと考えられる.学習放獣の効果を上げるためには,放獣と同時に誘引物の徹底管理や追い払いの対策を行うことが必要であるが,それぞれ対策上の課題が山積しており十分ではない.追い払いや学習放獣の手法改善,誘引物管理の普及啓発などについて,より効果的な方法を実施していく必要がある.県境を越えた広域管理については新たな枠組みづくりを近隣府県や国と検討していくことが必要である.これらの課題に取り組みながら,科学的データに基づく対応を浸透させていくことが被害防止と個体群の保全につながると考えている.

著者

高橋 雅紀

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.115, no.1, pp.116-123, 2006-02-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

21 57

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The Euler pole position of the Philippine Sea Plate (PHP) relative to the stable Eurasian Plate (EUP) between 15 and 3 Ma can be estimated at around 150°E, 36°N, on the basis of the geological constraint that the intersection of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc with Southwest (SW) Japan has not moved from South Fossa Magna since 15 Ma. The timing of the migration of the Euler Pole to its present location (154°E, 47°N) should have occurred at 3 Ma because the fore-arc basin in SW Japan was once interrupted by the Kurotaki Unconformity at 3 Ma.PHP moves northwestward and subducts beneath SW Japan at a convergent rate of 4 cm/yr. The Izu-Ogasawara Trench (IT) also moves at the same rate as the westward component (ca. 3 cm/yr.) of the PHP motion. Both the trench-trench-trench (TTT) triple junction and the Japan Trench (JT) should migrate westward, because the thick, cold, and sturdy Pacific Plate (PAP) has never been cut by the transform fault at the TTT junction. Northeast (NE) Japan would also move westward because tectonic erosion along JT would not be sufficient for westward migration of the JT. Thus, the present PHP movement causes the westward migration of IT, TTT junction, JT and then NE Japan. This westward motion of NE Japan against the sturdy oceanic lithosphere of the Japan Sea has caused an E-W contraction of NE Japan since northward motion of PHP changed to NW at 3 Ma.It is expected that rifting of the thin, heated lithosphere of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc would reach break-up before the thick, cold lithosphere of the PAP would be torn by the right-lateral transform fault at the TTT junction. Once rifting reaches break-up, the northwestward movement of the PHP would be compensated by back-arc spreading, and this motion would not propagate to the IT, the JT nor NE Japan. Therefore, the present E-W contraction in Japan would cease in the geologically near future when back-arc rifting along the Izu-Ogasawara arc reaches break-up.McKenzie and Morgan (1969) discussed how the TTT triple junction was unstable except under a few uncommon geometrical and kinematic conditions. However, the PHP actually selected this particular Euler pole position at 15 Ma, and the TTT triple junction had been stable for more than 10 m.y. Although the present TTT junction is in an unstable condition, it would become stable again through back-arc basin spreading of the PHP in the geologically near future. Thus, the TTT triple junction offshore central Japan, which controls tectonics of Japan, would be in a stable state in nature.