著者

Cunying Xu Yawei Liu Yixin Hua Jian Li Qibo Zhang

出版者

The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials

雑誌

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS (ISSN:13459678)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.377-382, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 8

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The electrochemical and chemical behaviors of titanium were examined in aluminum chloride-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-BMIC) ionic liquid. The reduction of Ti(IV) in AlCl3-BMIC occurs in three consecutive steps: Ti(IV) → Ti(III) → Ti(II) → Ti, and Ti(III) ion can quickly react with Cl− anion to form sparingly soluble TiCl3. However, No elemental titanium can be obtained in either acidic or basic AlCl3-BMIC melt. Metal titanium can be oxidized to Ti(II) by Ti(IV) in AlCl3-BMIC melt. In addition, the anodic oxidation rate of titanium obviously increases in the presence of Ti(IV) and Ti(III) ions, suggesting that the anodic dissolution of titanium involves chemical dissolution. These results indicate that it is difficult to nucleate or stabilize pure titanium in ionic liquid, which makes pure titanium deposition quite difficult.

著者

YASUNORI ISHIBASHI HIDEAKI EKAWA HACHIRO HIRATA HIDEMI KUMAI

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.1374-1383, 2002 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

50

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Nile tilapia were exposed to severe hypoxic conditions. The respiratory frequency (RF) of the fish reached a maximum level at approximately 10 mmHg PO2 and decreased gradually thereafter. The fish sank to the bottom and subsequently their respiration began to stop. The hypoxic conditions increased the hematocrit value. As RF decreased, plasma cortisol and glucose levels climbed drastically. Just before respiratory arrest, the ATP and the total adenylate (TA) concentrations were significantly depressed in the liver, kidney and ordinary muscle but not in the heart or gill. As RF decreased, ATP and TA in both the liver and kidney decreased rapidly. Cytochrome oxidase activity increased significantly in the brain, heart, gill and ordinary muscle until respiratory frequency peaked. However, from the peak RF, this activity decreased in the liver and kidney. Lactic acid levels in both ordinary muscle and liver increased markedly when the fish sank. These results indicate that the stress response to hypoxic conditions is induced markedly with the decreased RF. It is also suggested that the decreased energy status in the liver and kidney of tilapia occurs at the same stage as the metabolic depression in the whole body, without increases in the aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms.

著者

(宋) 蘇軾 撰

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[9], 1000

著者

望月 仁志 中里 雅光 塩見 一剛 十枝内 厚次 石井 信之

出版者

宮崎大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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慢性砒素中毒は多臓器にまたがる障害を生じ、近年多くの国において健康被害の脅威となっている。宮崎県土呂久地区では、1920年から1962年に高濃度慢性砒素中毒患者が生じた 。住民検診において、多くは温痛覚性末梢神経障害を呈し、重症例では深部感覚障害を併発した。体性感覚誘発電位では重症例において中枢伝導時間の遅延が認められた。低濃度の飲料水砒素汚染が広がっているミャンマー国における住民検診にて、神経学的評価を実施した。50ug/Lを越えた飲料水摂取群では振動覚性末梢神経障害と中枢神経障害を呈した。これらの結果は、初めての知見であり、世界に数千万人と言われる砒素中毒患者の診療に重要な情報となる。

著者

兼子 盾夫

出版者

湘南工科大学

雑誌

相模工業大学紀要 = Memoirs of Sagami Institute of Technology (ISSN:02860910)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.69-78, 1980-07-31

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1. Purpose The point of this essay lies in the clarification of a characteristic of Japanese tense which is found in the past form of verbs, by contrasting with that of English. 2. Investigation Ex. A Imagine a scene in which we have been waiting for a long time for a train in the distance on a platform and that the train just came into our sight far down the rail road tracks. We say in that case "Densha-ga kita." If the train has already rushed into the station, then we would be quite right in saying it in the perfect tense, i.e. "The train has come." For ".... ta "or" .... shita" means the perfect tense as well as the past one in modern Japanese. But why do we say "Densha-ga kita.", when we saw the train coming up to us. It is not the case that the train has reached the platform. It is the case that "the train is just coming to us." Before answering this question, let's take another example : Ex. B "Ashita kaigi-ga atta." is gramatically correct, although it sounds somehow unusual. It simply means that the speaker recollected that the next day he would have a meeting. As the subject (in this case, "I" the speaker) is usually omitted in a Japanese sentence, the time of speaker's awareness (past time) is mixed up with the time of act (present time in the Ex. A or future Ex. B) of the substantial subject. Therefore the first point of my investigation is this : In Japanese the speaker's view point is not necessarily fixed on what is called present time, while in English it is. Often it shifts from the present time to a certain point in the past and from there the events or acts in the past are surveyed in different time orders. The second point of my investigation is concerned with the rule of sequence of tenses. In English, as we see in the above Example B, there is sequence of tenses : "I recalled that the next day we were going to have a meeting.", while in Japanese there is not : "Watashi-wa kaigi-ga arunowo omoidashita." Hitherto we seem to have believed that there is not a definite rule of sequence of tenses in Japanese grammar. But is it a fact? Compare the following pairs : Ex. C-1. "Kare-wa orokadearu (or orokana) jibun-wo hajita." "He was ashamed of being foolish." 2. "Kare-wa orokadatta jibun-wo hajita." "He was ashamed of having been foolish." If I say "Kare-wa orokadearu jibun-wo hajita.", then I mean to emphasize the simultaneity of his foolishness with his act of being ashamed. On the other hand, if I say "Kare-wa orokadeatta jibunwo hajita.", then I simply mean that at a certain point in the past he was ashamed of his former foolish attitude. But as for Ex. C-2,we can also say, "He was ashamed of being foolish." In this case, however, there will be a slight difference between Ex. C-1 and 2 : That is, in Ex. C-1 the speaker's viewpoint shifts from the present time to the cartain past time at which the referred act happened, and sees it simultaneous. On the other hand, in Ex. C-2 the speaker's viewpoint is fixed on the present time. So both events (i.e. "getting ashamed" and "being foolish") were equally looked back upon from the present time as being in the past. The sentence containing ".... aru .... ta" shows the stress on simultaneity of the ".... aru" act, while ".... atta.... ta" either (usually) pluperfect, or simple description of the past events. Throughout these two investigations, I should like to point out a characteristic of Japanese tense, which is more definitely affected by the time of speaker's awareness than that of English.1. Purpose The point of this essay lies in the clarification of a characteristic of Japanese tense which is found in the past form of verbs, by contrasting with that of English. 2. Investigation Ex. A Imagine a scene in which we have been waiting for a long time for a train in the distance on a platform and that the train just came into our sight far down the rail road tracks. We say in that case "Densha-ga kita." If the train has already rushed into the station, then we would be quite right in saying it in the perfect tense, i.e. "The train has come." For ".... ta "or" .... shita" means the perfect tense as well as the past one in modern Japanese. But why do we say "Densha-ga kita.", when we saw the train coming up to us. It is not the case that the train has reached the platform. It is the case that "the train is just coming to us." Before answering this question, let's take another example : Ex. B "Ashita kaigi-ga atta." is gramatically correct, although it sounds somehow unusual. It simply means that the speaker recollected that the next day he would have a meeting. As the subject (in this case, "I" the speaker) is usually omitted in a Japanese sentence, the time of speaker's awareness (past time) is mixed up with the time of act (present time in the Ex. A or future Ex. B) of the substantial subject. Therefore the first point of my investigation is this : In Japanese the speaker's view point is not necessarily fixed on what is called present time, while in English it is. Often it shifts from the present time to a certain point in the past and from there the events or acts in the past are surveyed in different time orders. The second point of my investigation is concerned with the rule of sequence of tenses. In English, as we see in the above Example B, there is sequence of tenses : "I recalled that the next day we were going to have a meeting.", while in Japanese there is not : "Watashi-wa kaigi-ga arunowo omoidashita." Hitherto we seem to have believed that there is not a definite rule of sequence of tenses in Japanese grammar. But is it a fact? Compare the following pairs : Ex. C-1. "Kare-wa orokadearu (or orokana) jibun-wo hajita." "He was ashamed of being foolish." 2. "Kare-wa orokadatta jibun-wo hajita." "He was ashamed of having been foolish." If I say "Kare-wa orokadearu jibun-wo hajita.", then I mean to emphasize the simultaneity of his foolishness with his act of being ashamed. On the other hand, if I say "Kare-wa orokadeatta jibunwo hajita.", then I simply mean that at a certain point in the past he was ashamed of his former foolish attitude. But as for Ex. C-2,we can also say, "He was ashamed of being foolish." In this case, however, there will be a slight difference between Ex. C-1 and 2 : That is, in Ex. C-1 the speaker's viewpoint shifts from the present time to the cartain past time at which the referred act happened, and sees it simultaneous. On the other hand, in Ex. C-2 the speaker's viewpoint is fixed on the present time. So both events (i.e. "getting ashamed" and "being foolish") were equally looked back upon from the present time as being in the past. The sentence containing ".... aru .... ta" shows the stress on simultaneity of the ".... aru" act, while ".... atta.... ta" either (usually) pluperfect, or simple description of the past events. Throughout these two investigations, I should like to point out a characteristic of Japanese tense, which is more definitely affected by the time of speaker's awareness than that of English.

著者

川﨑 愛

出版者

流通経済大学社会学部

雑誌

流通経済大学社会学部論叢 = Journal of the Faculty of Sociology, Ryutsu Keizai University (ISSN:0917222X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.41-53, 2017-10

著者

池田 悠平 岡田 佳子 堀江 亮太 菅谷 みどり

雑誌

マルチメディア,分散協調とモバイルシンポジウム2016論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2016, pp.149-161, 2016-07-06

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近年,日本では単独世帯の増加や高齢化が進み,セラピーロボットの需要が高まっている.そのようなロボ ットとしてパロが挙げられるが,人が行動を起こすことが前提でありパロの方から行動を起こすことはない.そこ で,本研究では人の行動を前提とせず人の感情を推測できるロボットの実現を最終目的とし,第一段階として,記号 / 感情モデルをもとにした新しい感情の推測手法の提案をする.記号 / 感情モデルとは,客観的に読み取りやすい 「記号」 と,客観的に読み取りづらい 「感情」 とを分ける考え方である.本研究では,「記号」 には表情を,「感情」 に は脳波と脈拍を用いて,どちらが真とする感情の値との誤差を低く推測できるか実験を行った.結果,脳波と脈拍の方が誤差が小さいという結果になった.そこで,より正確さを向上させるため,感情の起伏の度合いとタイミン グを測定,主観評価と比較する実験を行い,より正確に感情を推測できた.そこで,人数を増やして実験を行った ところ,個人によって誤差の大きさが違った.そこで属性のアンケートを取り相関を調べたところ幾つかの属性と誤差の大きさが相関を持つことが示唆された.

著者

吉崎 一美

出版者

日本印度学仏教学会

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.440-435, 2016

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<p>Dharmaratna "Yami" published <i>Saṃdeyā Lisaḥ </i>(Tibet's reply) in N.S. 1072 (V.S. 2008, that is, 1952). In his novel, "Yami" censured on behalf of Tibetans not only Sāhus (employers, Newar merchants in Lhasa) for their oppression of their employees and Tibetan ladies, but also Nepal herself for her sweating Tibetans to take a large profit. Cittadhar "Hṛdaya" published his novel <i>Miṃ Manaḥ Pau </i>(Ashes of a letter) in N.S. 1088, as if he were a protector or spokesman for Sāhus and Nepal herself. Prior to these two novels written in the Newari language, Lakṣmī Prasād Devakoṭā published <i>Mun</i>ā<i>madan</i> written in the Nepali language in V.S. 1992/1996. It is the best selling book in Nepal, even now. Faced with its great popularity, "Yami" and "Hṛdaya" published their novels to protect their mother language and to maintain their own culture. </p>

著者

堀内 規之

出版者

真言宗豊山派総合研究院

雑誌

真言宗豊山派総合研究院紀要 (ISSN:13465503)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.103-109, 2010-03

著者

ISOLA Michela COSSU Margherita DE LISA Antonello ISOLA Raffaella MASSA Denise CASTI Alberto SOLINAS Paola LANTINI M. Serenella

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.94-97, 2010

被引用文献数

3

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Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide whose best known effects are stimulation of uterine smooth muscle cells during labor and of milk ejection during lactation. Circulating oxytocin originates from the hypothalamus, but its production has also been documented in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, seminal plasma also contains oxytocin, but its functional role is still unknown, although its secretion is generally ascribed to the prostate. In this study, we investigated the possibility that seminal oxytocin is also secreted by other exocrine glands of the human male genital tract. Intramural (Littrè's) glands isolated from bioptic specimens of normal urethrae were processed for immunogold localization of oxytocin. Immunostaining was detected in principal cells, with gold particles specifically found on secretory granules. Basal and endocrine cells were unstained. The present findings suggest that urethral glands not only produce the mucinous layer that protects and lubricates the urethral wall, but also are potential sources of other seminal components, such as oxytocin, which probably play still unclear roles in reproductive physiology.<br>

著者

森 政晴 森谷 友昭 高橋 時市郎

出版者

一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会

雑誌

映像情報メディア学会技術報告 40.11 (ISSN:13426893)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.203-206, 2016-03-02 (Released:2017-09-22)

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本研究の目的はHMDとKinectを用いた音楽ライブ体験のできるカラオケシステムの開発である.Kinectを用いてユーザの動きに対応した演出をすることで音楽ライブの一体感を再現する.また,HMDの没入感を用いることで音楽ライブの歌手の体験をしている感覚を向上する.

著者

SAITO H.

雑誌

Geoderma

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, pp.235-247, 2005

被引用文献数

1 5

著者

菅井菊叟 作

巻号頁・発行日

1846

著者

入江 良英

出版者

不明

雑誌

日本教育社会学会大会発表要旨集録

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, pp.349-350, 2008

著者

Mizuno Tsunefumi Miyawaki Ryohei Ebisawa Ken KUBOTA Aya MIYAMOTO Masao WINTER Lisa UEDA Yoshihiro ISOBE Naoki MAKISHIMA Kazuo

出版者

Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan

雑誌

Progress of theoretical physics. Supplement (ISSN:03759687)

巻号頁・発行日

no.169, pp.229-233, 2007-12-19

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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We report about the Suzaku observation of two ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), X-1 and X-2, in NGC1313, together with their spectra by XMM-Newton. During the observation, both showed intensity-correlated spectral changes. The brighter source, X-1, exhibited the highest luminosity (~3×10^<40>erg s^<-1>) ever recorded from this source. Its spectral variation is ascribed to a strong power-law like component with a mild high energy curvature, while about 10% of the flux is carried by a stable soft component modeled by a cool disk emission. These properties suggest that the source was in the "very high" state, wherein the disk emission is strongly Comptonized and the optically-thick disk is truncated at a large radii or cooled off. The spectrum of X-2 is best represented, in its fainter phase, by a multicolor disk model with the innermost disk temperature of 1.2-1.3keV, and becomes flatter as the source gets brighter. Hence X-2 is interpreted to be in a slim disk state. These results suggest that the two ULXs host black holes of a few tens to a few hundreds solar masses.

著者

泉 芳環

出版者

大谷学会

雑誌

大谷学報 = THE OTANI GAKUHO (ISSN:02876027)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-16, 1933-01

著者

CHOU CHIU-LONG PAON LISA ANN MOFFATT JOHN DANIEL ZWICKER BLAINE

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.369-378, 2003

被引用文献数

7

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Bioaccumulation and distribution of Mn and Zn in the total soft tissues, digestive glands, residuals and adductor muscles of the horse mussel <i>Modiolus modiolus</i> from three sites, including industrialized and non-industrialized locations in Eastern Canada, were investigated. Extremely high digestive gland metal concentrations were found in individual mussels, as high as 1819 μg/g Mn wet weight and 1964 μg/g Zn wet weight, with mean values from 358 to 404 μg/g Mn and from 399 to 614 μg/g Zn for the collection sites. High Mn to Zn interrelationships were observed inall types of tissues and at all sites. Between different tissues, Zn was interrelated by linear relationships, and Mn was best described by power curve relationships for all tissue types. In the total soft tissue, Mn and Zn interrelations were fitted to power regression curves with different slopes between the three study sites. This indicated that horse mussel was exposed to different metal levels inthe environments and could be useful for monitoring these metals. The uptake of both metals at extremely high concentrations, the lack of regulation and the occurrence of interactions all suggest that Mn and Zn may play a biological role in horse mussels. Zn and Mn interactions, surprisingly, were not disrupted at the very high concentrations of either metal, which proves that the mechanism of metal interactions does not involve a detoxification role.

著者

Mizuno Tsunefumi Miyawaki Ryohei Ebisawa Ken KUBOTA Aya MIYAMOTO Masao WINTER Lisa M. UEDA Yoshihiro ISOBE Naoki DEWANGAN Gulab C. DONE Chris GRIFFITHS Richard E. HABA Yoshito KOKUBUN Motohide KOTOKU Jun'ichi MAKISHIMA Kazuo MATSUSHITA Kyoko MUSHOTZKY Richard F. NAMIKI Masaaki PETRE Robert TAKAHASHI Hiromitsu TAMAGAWA Toru TERASHIMA Yuichi

出版者

日本天文学会

雑誌

PASJ : publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN:00046264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.S257-S267, 2007-01-31

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

2

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Two ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in the nearby Sb galaxy NGC 1313, named X-1 and X-2, were observed with Suzaku on 2005 September 15. During the observation for a net exposure of 28 ks (but over a gross time span of 90 ks), both objects varied in intensity by about 50%. The 0.4–10 keV X-ray luminosities of X-1 and X-2 were measured as 2.5×1040 ergs-1 and 5.8×1039 ergs-1, respectively, with the former exhibiting the highest ever reported for this ULX. The spectrum of X-1 can be explained by the sum of a strong and variable powerlaw component with a high-energy cutoff, and a stable multicolor blackbody with an innermost disk temperature of ∼ 0.2keV. These results suggest that X-1 was in a "very high" state, where disk emission is strongly Comptonized. The absorber within NGC 1313 toward X-1 is suggested to have a subsolar oxygen abundance. The spectrum of X-2 is best represented, in its fainter phase, by a multicolor blackbody model with an innermost disk temperature of 1.2–1.3 keV, and becomes flatter as the source becomes brighter. Hence, X-2 is interpreted to be in a slim-disk state. These results suggest that the two ULXs have black hole masses of some dozens to a few hundred of solar masses.

著者

森田 昇 川堰 宣隆 田代 雄介 大井 慶太郎 山田 茂 高野 登 大山 達雄

出版者

社団法人 砥粒加工学会

雑誌

砥粒加工学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.9, pp.547-552, 2007

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本研究は,GaAs半導体の研削加工におけるクラック発生機構を明らかにすることを目的としている.単粒研削時のクラック発生過程を詳細に検討するため,傾斜ステージをもったスクラッチ加工機を試作した.これを用いてGaAs(100)のスクラッチ加工実験を行い,とくに結晶方位依存性の観点から,GaAsにおけるクラック発生機構の特異性について検討した.これより,GaAsにおけるクラックの発生は結晶方位に強く依存し,[0¯11]方向に加工したときに最も脆性破壊が生じやすく,[011]方向の場合に最も生じにくいことがわかった.また,脆性破壊部の形状は加工方向によって大きく異なる.以上の結果より,GaAsにおけるクラック発生機構は結晶方位によって変化し,その傾向はSiのそれとは異なることがわかった.

著者

松江重頼 編

出版者

治右衛門

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[1], 1644