著者

Sota Koeda Kosuke Sato Kenichi Tomi Yoshiyuki Tanaka Rihito Takisawa Munetaka Hosokawa Motoaki Doi Tetsuya Nakazaki Akira Kitajima

出版者

園芸学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (ISSN:18823351)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CH-105, (Released:2014-05-10)

被引用文献数

3 19

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‘No.80’ (Capsicum chinense) from the Caribbean is a valuable genetic source from the aspect of its non-pungent and highly aromatic traits. In the present study, the non-pungency, volatile components, and phylogenetic origin of ‘No.80’ were analyzed with another C. chinense cultivar, ‘No.2’ from Brazil, which is also non-pungent but less aromatic. Expressions and deduced amino acid sequences of acyltransferase (Pun1) of ‘No.80’ and ‘No.2’ were normal compared with a pungent cultivar, ‘Habanero’. Insertions of 7-bp and 8-bp resulting in frameshift mutations were found in the coding regions of putative aminotransferase (p-AMT) of ‘No.80’ and ‘No.2’, respectively. Co-segregation of these insertions with the non-pungent phenotypes in F1 and F2 populations obtained from crossing ‘No.80’ or ‘No.2’ with ‘Habanero’ suggested that non-pungency in these cultivars arose from genetic mutations of p-AMT that occurred independently. Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that ‘No.80’, a close relative of ‘No.2’, originates from capsicums migrated from the South American mainland. In addition to pungency, we assessed the volatile components of the highly aromatic ‘No.80’, the less aromatic ‘No.2’, and their F1 hybrid using gas chromatography. ‘No.80’ contained higher levels of aroma-contributing volatiles than ‘No.2’, which correlated with the stronger and weaker aromas of two cultivars. Further, the fruit of F1 progenies emitted a number of volatile compounds between or higher than their corresponding parents. Based on these results, the approaches for breeding highly aromatic non-pungent cultivars are discussed.

著者

川平 友規

出版者

名古屋大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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複素力学系理論とは,複素数全体の集合(もしくはそれを拡張した空間)にある種の運動法則を与えた系を考え,その時間発展を解析する理論である.系の運動法則をわずかに変化させた場合,系全体が安定に変化する場合とカオス的に変化する場合があるが,じつは「ほとんどの場合」,安定していることが知られている.本研究では,その「ほとんど」を占めるものが何か特定することを目標とし,おもに幾何学的アプローチによる研究を行った.

著者

Sene Moustapha

巻号頁・発行日

2013-09-25

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Human urine fraction contains the major plants nutrients in domestic wastewater, with 80% of the nitrogen (N), 55% of the phosphorus (P) and 60 % of the potassium (K). Thus, urine has a potential to be reused in agriculture as a liquid fertilizer in order to replace industrial fertilizer, especially in marginal area of developing countries, where accessibility of fertilizer for the farmers when needed in currently a great concerns. Therefore in recent years, human urine has been compared successfully with commercial fertilizer, using diverse types of vegetables and cereals. However, urine contains some salts, pathogens, pharmaceuticals and hormones. Concerning salts issues too much urine application in agriculture land may cause accumulation of several ions in soil. Among these ions, excess of sodium (Na) in soil, inhibits plant growth; while excess of N can built up in plant tissue and affect negatively amount of sugar and vitamin in vegetables, causing therefore health and taste issues to consumer. Subsequently, to address salts issues and provide a better understanding of urine application in agriculture, this present research work was carried out with these following specific objectives 1) evaluate when and how often-human urine should be applied in agriculture as liquid fertilizer 2) examine the effects of uncontrolled application of human urine dose in agriculture 3) examine the effects of continuous application of uncontrolled human urine application dose in agriculture. From this research it was suggested that human urine application at one time before seedling is not effective for plant growth. Besides, application of adequate human urine volume should be based on plant N requirement, and management of salts from urine is required even in the adequate urine volume application for its sustainable reuse in agriculture. Chapter 1 This chapter describes the advantages and disadvantages of using human urine as liquid fertilizer in agriculture, summarizes the state of the art regarding its reuse in agriculture and then outlines the different objectives of this present research. Chapter 2 This chapter addresses when and how often-human urine should be applied agriculture as liquid fertilizer. Thus, pot test was conducted in greenhouse using synthetic urine, spinach and sandy soil as media. Seven treatments, those apply same amount of urine in different pattern and control (total 8 cases) were set to know adequate urine application way. From this research, the results revealed that, human urine application at one time before cultivation is not effective for Furthermore, application of triple volume of urine (U-3Vo) (U-3Vo) caused an accumulation of nitrogen and sodium in soil and promoted high N lost (>24 %) from soil. While, adequate urine application (U-Vo) caused a low N lost (<18%) from soil and no accumulation of N was observed, but more than 50 % of the total sodium applied through urine and irrigation water remained in soil after one time cultivation. Therefore, application of adequate human urine volume based on plant N requirement might be a better option for its sustainable reuse in agriculture. Chapter 4 This chapter examines the effects of continuous application of extra human urine volume on plant and soil through continuous cultivation. Thus, the experiment was pursued using same soil, same plant (Komatsuna) and similar rate of fertilizer as designed in the 1st cultivation and then 2nd and 3rd times cultivation were performed. The results revealed that continuous application of extra urine volume in the range of 2-3 times higher than plant requirement had no inhibition effects on plant growth and yield after three times cultivations, since treated soils EC were still in the none soil saline zone [0-2 mS/cm] given by FAO (1998); and more than 40 % of the total Na applied through urine and irrigation water was removed by plant from soil in all urine treatments and might probably contributed to mitigate Na ion accumulation in soil. However, urine causes nutritional imbalance, but this phenomenon was not accelerated under three time cultivations with applications of extra urine volumes (U-2Vo and U-3Vo). Continuous application of double and triple volumes of urine increased nitrogen contents and plants decreased K/Na ratio. Moreover, accumulation of nitrogen and sodium occurred in triples volumes urine application (U-3Vo). Therefore, adequate application of human urine based on nitrogen (N) requirement is a suitable way for its sustainable reuse in agriculture, since no accumulation of nitrogen in soil and no increase of N in plant tissues, but plant K/Na ratio decreases compared to the positive control, modified Hoagland’s solution (V-H). Furthermore, from one cultivation to another, soil EC increased in all urine treatments including, and about 60 % of the total Na applied through urine and irrigation water when considering 1st, 2nd and 3rd cultivation, remained in soil in urine treatments (U-Vo, U-2Vo and U-3Vo). Therefore, management of salts from urine is required even in the adequate urine volume application when urine is continuously used in the farmland as a liquid fertilizer. Chapter 5, Conclusion and recommendations. This chapter summarized the major findings of this research work and proposes some recommendations for a sustainable reuse of urine in agriculture.

著者

寺沢 拓敬

出版者

東京大学大学院総合文化研究科言語情報科学専攻

雑誌

言語情報科学 (ISSN:13478931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.159-175, 2013-03-01 (Released:2013-05-27)

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本研究の目的は、戦後日本社会における英語の位置づけを、世論調査の分析によって、客観的に明らかにすることである。このテーマは、従来から注目を集めてきたもので、先行研究も多数あるが、日本社会全体を考慮に入れた客観的な検討は乏しい。こうした問題に対処するため、過去に行われた世論調査を収集し、それらの分析・経年比較を行った。収集の結果、英語に関する設問を含む、多数の世論調査が見つかったが、紙幅の関係上、本研究では、英語志向の一指標となる2設問 ―すなわち「現在の英語学習」「英語学習意欲」― に焦点化し、とくにその歴史的変化とジェンダーとの関係性を主たる検討対象とした。分析の結果、日本社会「全体」を覆うかのように言われてきた「英語ブーム」や、「女性は本質的に英語志向」のような一枚岩的なジェンダー観・英語観には、根拠が薄いことがわかった。その上で、日本社会の英語志向には、従来言われてきたものよりも、いっそう複雑な歴史的推移・ジェンダー差が見出せることを明らかにした。

著者

東本 遼太郎 森 崇志 中井 仁大 星野 准一

出版者

一般社団法人情報処理学会

雑誌

研究報告ヒューマンコンピュータインタラクション(HCI) (ISSN:09196072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.80, pp.1-6, 2014-03-06

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実体験を伴った経験は学習にとって効果的で,学校教育などでは実際に学習対象に触れるような学習が推奨されている.しかし過去の歴史や文化について学ぼうとした場合,実際に体験をすることで知識を得ることは難しい.本稿で提案するシステム,EFfEct: Experiential Foundation for Education では,歴史的な事象を定義でき,プレイヤは登場人物の 1 人として場面に参加することで,様々な視点から多面的に事象を理解できる.システムは様々なゲームコンテンツの基盤となるもので,学習したい場所,時代に対応する.今回は過去の生活習慣や文化に着目し,町を再現したヴァーチャルな 3D 空間の中で人々の暮らしを観察,体験できるゲームコンテンツを制作可能とした.評価として,日本の江戸時代の町における人々の生活を体験できるゲームコンテンツを制作,実現した体験的学習に学習効果があるのか,どういった要素が効果的であるのかを確認した.Experience is effective for learning. Learning with observing or touching on the object actually is recommended, such as school education. However, if we try to learn about the history or culture of the past, it is difficult to learn it from actual experience. In this paper, We developed a game system called EFfEct (Experiential Foundation for Education) using Episode System that allows players the historical and cultural experiential learning. Users as the characters of scenes can actively learn contents with experiencing the time, the place and the change with them. System is foundation, so creators of game contents can produce them representing various age or place with this system. We performed experiments to evaluate the system by getting users to play game content can experience the life of people and entertainments in the town of the Edo period of Japan. In these experiments, it was confirmed whether there is a learning effect and what element is effective.

著者

森 雅彦 大塚 哲郎 川上 裕司

出版者

日本家屋害虫学会

雑誌

都市有害生物管理

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.57-58, 2012

著者

萩岡 松韻

出版者

ニッポノフォン

巻号頁・発行日

1925-05

著者

上野 泰

出版者

社団法人日本造園学会

雑誌

造園雑誌 (ISSN:03877248)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.16-17, 1960-08-31

著者

立花 英裕

出版者

早稲田大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1999

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今回の研究目的は、フランス語圏を中心にアメリカ諸地域について調査した上で、その社会や歴史を明らかにし、文学や思想との相関をとらえるものだった。研究成果をまとめるにあたっては、ある程度地域を限定しなければならなかったので、全般的な視野を踏まえた上で特にフランス海外領土のマルチニック島、グアドゥループ島、およびハイチ共和国、カナダケベック州を対象とした。「クレオール」の概念は、時代によっても、また言語圏によっても意味が大きく異なっているが、その相違を調査した上で、本研究ではベネディクト・アンダーソンに見られるような広い視点からとらえた。すなわち、アメリカ地域に形成された国民は基本的にクレオールであるという視点である。そのように見ていくと、カナダケベック州とカリブ海域という南北にへだたった地域においても、一定の通約性が浮き上がってくる。ケベックの歴史家ジェラール・ブシャールはそれを「アメリカ性」と呼んでいるが、この概念は、カリブ海文化の特性としての「アンティル性」を発想したエドゥアール・グリッサンの見方に繋がっている。このような「アメリカ性」「アンティル性」、あるいは「クレオール性」が近代史の中でどのように形成され、どのような文化や文学を生み出したかについて、今回は、上述の地域に限定して解明につとめた。いうまでもなく、これはきわめて大きなテーマであり、今回の研究がまだ不十分であることは否めない。今後、更に調査と研究を継続していきたい。とはいえ、研究の過程で予期しない視野が広がってきたことも事実である。コロンブスの大航海に始まった近代の曙はグローバリゼーションの最初の一歩だったと考えられる。アメリカ地域の「クレオール的性格」は、グローバリゼーションの時代を予告し、準備するものだったのである。

著者

Ohnishi Hiroshi Yokoyama Akihito Yasuhara Yoshifumi Watanabe Akira Naka Tetsuji Hamada Hironobu Abe Masahiro Nishimura Kazutaka Higaki Jitsuo Ikezoe Junpei Kohno Nobuoki

出版者

BMJ

雑誌

Thorax (ISSN:00406376)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.872-875, 2003

被引用文献数

16 104

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Background: The circulating level of KL-6/MUC1 is a sensitive marker for various interstitial lung diseases. Previous case reports have suggested that KL-6 may also be increased in some patients with drug induced pneumonitis. A study was undertaken to determine whether serum KL-6 could be a marker for particular types of drug induced pneumonitis. Methods: The findings of high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) chest scans of 30 patients with drug induced pneumonitis were reviewed separately by two independent observers. The pneumonitis was classified into four predominant patterns: widespread bilateral consolidation (diffuse alveolar damage, DAD; n=7), fibrosis with or without consolidation (chronic interstitial pneumonia, CIP; n=11), consolidation without fibrosis (bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia or eosinophilic pneumonia, BOOP/EP; n=8), and diffuse ground glass opacities without fibrosis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, HP; n=4). Serum KL-6 levels were measured by a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The overall sensitivity of serum KL-6 in detecting drug induced lung disease was 53.3%, which was lower than its sensitivity in detecting other interstitial lung diseases. However, the KL-6 level was increased in most patients with a DAD or CIP pattern (16/18; 88.9%) and was closely correlated with their clinical course. In contrast, serum KL-6 levels were within the normal range in all patients with a BOOP/EP or HP pattern. Conclusions: Particular patterns detected by HRCT scanning, such as DAD and CIP but not the BOOP/EP or HP patterns, are associated with increased circulating KL-6 levels in drug induced pneumonitis. Serum KL-6 levels may reflect the clinical activity of the particular disorders.

著者

藏内 勇夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医師会

雑誌

日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.9, pp.575-579, 2006-09-20 (Released:2011-06-17)

著者

植松 一良 増永 朗 佐々木 泰造 須田 沖夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医師会

雑誌

日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.12, pp.727-731, 1998-12-20 (Released:2011-06-17)

参考文献数

9

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市販の皮下埋め込み型個体識別用マイクロチップを犬11頭の皮下に埋め込み後, 1カ月にわたり臨床的影響について観察したところ, 全身的および局所的影響は軽微であり, 埋め込み後1カ月間にマイクロチップの体内移動はみられなかった. また, 同時に行った記録文字読み取り試験においても問題はなかつた.

著者

原三郎 編

出版者

深田図案研究所

巻号頁・発行日

1922

著者

古土井 春吾 吉位 尚 濱本 嘉彦 村岡 重忠 糀谷 淳 寺延 治 古森 孝英

雑誌

日本口腔診断学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of oral diagnosis/oral medicine (ISSN:09149694)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.1-5, 2000-04-20

被引用文献数

1

著者

Yusaku Yasuno Yoshihiro H. Inoue Masa-Toshi Yamamoto

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.113-126, 2013 (Released:2013-07-06)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

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Sex ratio distortion, which is commonly abbreviated as sex-ratio, has been studied in many Drosophila species, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we report on the sex-ratio mutant of D. simulans named excess of females (exf). The third chromosomal recessive mutation results in a sex ratio of approximately 0.2 or less (males/total). Cytological observation demonstrated that meiosis appeared to be completed normally, but that most Y chromosome-bearing nuclei failed to elongate during spermiogenesis, as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using sex chromosome-specific probes. These aberrant nuclei contained membranous inclusions as revealed by electron microscopic analysis. Most of the aberrant exf spermatids failed to individualize and mature, suggesting that a later stage of spermiogenesis is involved in prevention of production of sperm with abnormal morphology. On the one hand, in exf seminal vesicles, sperm nuclei with a length of 5–8.5 μm were occasionally observed, in addition to those with wild-type sperm dimensions, that is, a length of approximately 10 μm. Thus, spermatids with less severe nuclear defects can escape elimination and be released into the seminal vesicles as mature sperm. Furthermore, we constructed His2AvD-GFP and ProtamineB-eGFP transgenic lines in D. simulans, and examined the processes involved in replacement of chromatin proteins over a time course, according to nuclear morphology. We found that both normal and abnormal sperm heads demonstrated equal chromatin replacement during late spermiogenesis. Our results suggest that exf belongs to a unique class of meiotic drive systems in that (1) intranuclear membranous inclusions cause failure of nuclear shaping of Y-bearing spermatids without affecting the histone-protamine transition, and (2) a portion of the aberrant spermatids differentiate into mature sperm; these are transferred to and stored by females.

著者

綾垣 育子 坪根 友子 松尾 美紀

出版者

日本看護協会出版会

雑誌

日本看護学会論文集 母性看護 (ISSN:13478230)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.94-96, 2002

著者

研究代表者 保坂亨

出版者

子どもの虹情報研修センター

巻号頁・発行日

2007

著者

河村 厚

出版者

大阪大学大学院文学研究科臨床哲学研究室

雑誌

臨床哲学 (ISSN:13499904)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.62-74, 2003-12-20

著者

大久保 明浩 斎藤 裕昭 斎藤 正幸 渡邊 英樹 山崎 倫康 八木 優紀

出版者

合成樹脂工業協会

雑誌

ネットワークポリマー (ISSN:13420577)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.97-100, 2011-03-10 (Released:2014-03-31)

参考文献数

6

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環境に配慮した高耐久・高耐熱バイオマス樹脂の開発を主眼とし,澱粉を出発原料としたフェノール樹脂を合成した。このフェノール樹脂のエポキシ硬化物は従来のフェノールノボラックのエポキシ硬化物に匹敵する耐熱性及び機械特性を発現し,優れた耐水性を有することを確認した。さらに本樹脂をエポキシ化したバイオマス樹脂を合成した。得られたバイオマス樹脂同士の硬化物を作製し物性を確認したところ,優れた機械特性が得られた。

著者

Carlos E. Salinas Carlos E. Blanco Mercedes Villena Dino A. Giussani

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-13-1329, (Released:2014-04-16)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

2 18

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Background: By combining the chick embryo model with incubation at high altitude (HA), the effects of chronic hypoxia on fetal growth, fetal cardiac and aortic wall remodeling and systemic arterial blood pressure at adulthood were reported. Using non-invasive functional echocardiography, here we investigated the in vivo effects of HA hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation at adulthood in male and female chickens. Methods and Results: Chick embryos were incubated, hatched and raised at sea level (SL) or at HA. At 6 months of age, functional echocardiography was performed and the body and heart weights were taken. Heart weight was heavier in males but not in female HA chickens compared to their same sex SL counterparts. Similarly, male but not female HA chickens had greater in vivo right ventricular wall thickness compared to their same sex SL counterparts. The tricuspid pressure gradient was greatly enhanced in HA male and HA female chickens. However, the increment in the tricuspid pressure gradient was greater in HA males than in HA females. The pulmonary artery diameter was also enhanced in HA males than in SL males. In contrast, HA did not affect this variable in female chickens. Conclusions: The data show that chronic hypoxia during development at HA is associated with echocardiocraphic indices of pulmonary hypertension at adulthood in a highly sex-dependent manner.