著者

佐々木 充

出版者

帯広大谷短期大学

雑誌

帯広大谷短期大学紀要 (ISSN:02867354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.29-41, 1980

著者

竹迫 弥生 岡山 雅信 藍原 雅一 中村 好一 梶井 英治

雑誌

プライマリ・ケア = Japanese journal of primary care (ISSN:09148426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.281-288, 2004-12-15

著者

服部 英治

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ヘルスケア21 (ISSN:13463799)

巻号頁・発行日

no.201, pp.94-96, 2006-07

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人件費が増大する要因は様々あるが、中でも無視できないのが残業代(割増賃金)。ただし、無理に抑えようとしても、割増賃金に関しては支給額の算出ルールが法で定められている。残業代を固定化する方法もあるが、運用方法を誤るとトラブルのもとになる。また、ルーズな勤怠管理も、同じく問題の火種となりやすいため注意が必要だ。

著者

石井 保志

出版者

国土社

雑誌

月刊社会教育 (ISSN:02872331)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.10, pp.42-48, 2003-10

著者

寺岡 寛 Hiroshi Teraoka 中京大学経営学部

出版者

中京大学経営学会

雑誌

中京経営研究 = Chukyo keiei kenkyu (ISSN:09199209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.275-284, 2003-02-01

著者

和多 則明

出版者

大阪外国語大学

雑誌

Etudes francaises (ISSN:0285984X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.93-105, 1983-06-25

著者

小堀 聡

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.48-64, 2007-04-30

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the efforts of energy-saving developed in interwar Japan, in particular focusing on the nensho shido (technical guidance for fuel burning),which encouraged improvements in factories' fuel-burning technologies. From the end of the 1910's, against a background of not only rising coal prices but also a consciousness of the limits of domestic coal reserves, the Fuel Research Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce was established and engineers and researchers interested in combustion engineering organized a group called the Fuel Society of Japan. In the second half of the 1920's, activities promoting fuel economy were implemented in several prefectures among which Osaka prefecture proved most aggressive in Japan. The Osaka Prefectural Institute for Industrial Management (OPIIM) established its nensho shido division in 1929 and provided guidance to local factories in saving fuel. OPIIM guidance focused on the methods in which the factory boiler workers burned fuel, rather than building new facilities or refitting older facilities for burning fuel. Furthermore, because OPIIM thought that in order to improve the manner of burning it was necessary for boiler workers to acquire higher levels of skill, Osaka prefecture established a qualification for boiler workers and OPIIM opened a training school for them. Osaka prefecture's development of nensho shido was considered an industrial rationalization, and therefore was imitated by several municipalities and regional organizations for industrial management. Furthermore, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, which had become more interested in fuel economy from the beginning of the 1930's, started nensho shido in 1938 as the Sino-Japanese war exacerbated the tight coal supply situation. It was technicians from Osaka being posted to or sometimes visiting the other regions that promoted the spread of nensho shido. During the interwar era, nensho shido was immature because the scope of guidance was limited to burning with a boiler. However, the groups of combustion engineering technicians formed during the interwar era would later lead the development of energy-saving technology in wartime and postwar Japan. Since the interwar era, against the background of limited domestic resources, Japanese industrial rationalization has made a point of reducing production costs rather than acquiring merits of scale.

著者

高 宇

出版者

立教大学

雑誌

立教経済学研究 (ISSN:00355356)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.103-118, 2007-07-10

著者

新保 博彦

出版者

大阪産業大学

雑誌

大阪産業大学経済論集 (ISSN:13451448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.121-153, 2008-02

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Clarifying the actual conditions of prewar Japanese foreign investment is a very important subject for present day Japan as well as for countries that were under Japanese rule or influence at that time. Those nations are growing rapidly and are actively developing Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) with other countries, to include Japan. Global research initially examined FDI as a new postwar phenomenon. Now, FDI's historical origins and development are at last being studied. The historical research on Japanese foreign investment will greatly contribute to the development of global research on FDI. This paper examines such foreign investment. I have already examined Japanese corporate governance during the prewar period in the "Historical Development of japan-U.S. Corporate Governance"(2006), and my findings in this paper are based on the same method. This paper clarifies the overseas business activity of Japanese companies in the prewar period using the same methodology, especially from the viewpoint of corporate governance. In Part I, I list the companies that operated overseas in 1930 and 1940. These companies, especially those relating to infrastructure, such as railway, electric power, and finance, turned out to be important. I will examine representative companies that played an active role in infrastructure industries in Part II. In each section of Part II, I will examine in detail each company that played a remarkably significant role. In Part III, I will summarize the features of Japanese companies that operated in each country and region in East Asia, including the former colony, in the prewar period Thus, we can find five important features from the industrial composition to the high independency. It may be called the Japanese style foreign investment in prewar days.

著者

中島 直人 西村 幸夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.557, pp.241-248, 2002

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

3

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In the first half of 1930's, the Society of Civic Art made the epochal proposals to establish the municipal art commission in Tokyo. This paper is to review the process of making the first proposal (1930) and the second proposal (1934). Specifically, this paper is to focus on : 1)contacts with art commissions of cities in the United States and their direct influence, and 2)changes of relation between the Society of Civic Art and Tokyo City Government under the movement, which motivated by Tokyo City Government in this period, for realization of Tokyo metropolitan system.

著者

北原 道貫

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

三田商学研究 (ISSN:0544571X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.136-147, 1976-10-30

著者

平沢 照雄

出版者

政治経済学・経済史学会

雑誌

歴史と経済 (ISSN:13479660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.1-14, 2007-10-30

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This paper analyzes the case of the Electric Lamp Glass Industry to discuss the development of Japan's economic control over medium and small companies, the industrial cooperation movement in the 1930s, and the relationship that existed between the two. I focus specifically on the official recognition accredited to the labor union, Kanto Electric Lamp Glass Industry Labor Union (KELGILU) by the trade association, Tokyo Electric Lamp Bulb Association (TELBA), and the labor agreement between them. I find that (1) TELBA acted negatively toward the official recognition of KELGILU when the union was initially established; and that (2) TELBA authorized KELGILU and entered into a labor agreement after handling the problem of the sales of surplus products to outside customers by Tokyo Electric Corporation and dealing with the labor dispute at Marusa Factory. I also find that the Industrial Cooperation Committee (ICC) was established as the management-labor consulting organization; and that the industrial cooperation movement developed after the signing of the labor agreement. Most importantly, I highlight the following: First, the mutual aid system, which consisted of sick pay, life insurance, and retirement allowance, was established through the activities of ICC. Second, standard wages common to all factories were established. Under this new system, factories that offered wages lower than the standard were obliged to raise wages, and attempts were made to improve working conditions on an industry-wide basis. Third, the sales-price control that TELBA attempted to implement at the time was not fully adhered to by the industry. ICC, therefore, pursued the application of price control via suspension of the supply of KELGILU workers to those factories that violated the control. Similarly, ICC systematically applied the labor supply suspension against factories that did not cooperate with the establishment of the above-mentioned mutual aid system and the adoption of the standard wages. I conclude that the economic control and industrial cooperation movement developed in complement as a way to bring about both stabilization of business administration and improvement of working conditions in the Electric Lamp Glass Industry.

著者

石田 潤一郎 金 珠也

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. F-2, 建築歴史・意匠 (ISSN:13414542)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, pp.321-322, 2007-07-31

著者

竹岡 敬温

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

經濟學論究 (ISSN:02868032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.1-37, 1999-09-19

著者

鎌田 伸一

出版者

[防衛大学校]

雑誌

防衛大学校紀要 社会科学分冊 (ISSN:09119000)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, pp.97-110, 2007-03

著者

金 朋 大原 茂之

出版者

FIT(電子情報通信学会・情報処理学会)運営委員会

雑誌

情報科学技術フォーラム一般講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.43-44, 2005-08-22

著者

Japanese Circulation Society Resuscitation Science Study Group

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.11, pp.2742-2750, 2013 (Released:2013-10-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

10 43

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Background: The compression-to-ventilation ratio for basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was changed from 15:2 to 30:2, but there are few human studies comparing chest-compression-only CPR with standard CPR. Methods and Results: From the All-Japan Utstein Registry in the 30:2 CPR era, 173,565 adult cardiac arrests witnessed by bystanders were included. On arrival at the scene, emergency medical services responders assessed the status of dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction and bystander CPR technique (chest compression with or without rescue breathing). The primary endpoint was favorable neurological outcome 30 days after cardiac arrest. The prevalence of dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction increased year by year, contributing to an overall increase of chest-compression-only bystander CPR from 20.6% to 35.0%. Among 78,150 patients receiving bystander CPR, favorable neurological outcome did not differ between dispatcher-assisted and -unassisted CPR (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.08). Chest-compression-only CPR resulted in better favorable neurological outcome than standard CPR in the whole cohort (adjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00–1.18) and in the subgroup with cardiac etiology (adjusted OR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22). The addition of rescue breathing provided no neurological benefit in the non-cardiac etiology subgroup. Conclusions: In the 30:2 CPR era, dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction contributed to an increase of chest-compression-only bystander CPR, supporting the use of chest-compression-only CPR for bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in all adults.  (Circ J 2013; 77: 2742–2750)

著者

吉田 俊子 根来 伸夫 金山 良春 藤沢 美井子 金 朋郁 井上 美子 甲田 伸一 岡村 幹夫 天津 弘二 井上 隆智 武田 忠直

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.8, 1986

著者

大谷 恵教

出版者

早稲田大学社会科学部学会

雑誌

早稲田社會科學研究 = The Waseda journal of social science (ISSN:02861283)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2・3, pp.57-78, 1968

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論文

著者

秋田県公文書館 [編集]

出版者

秋田県公文書館

巻号頁・発行日

1995