著者
秋山 幸秀 世古口 竜一
出版者
日本地図学会
雑誌
地図 (ISSN:00094897)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.1, pp.37-46, 2007-03-31 (Released:2011-07-19)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
2
著者
船守 美穂
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.3, pp.92-98, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

近年,大学図書館業界においても,「大学IR」という言葉を耳にするようになったため,本小論では,大学IRの成り立ちや概要,大学IRが抱える課題を紹介しつつ,これからの大学図書館と大学IRの関わりの可能性について考察する。日本の大学図書館については,大学IRのための基礎データ収集の観点から,1)教学IRに資する,学生の図書館利用状況,2)研究IRに資する,学内で輩出される学術成果の把握などが期待される。大学業務システムや研究情報管理システムの整備,相互連携が進んでいる欧米の大学では,これらを利用した3)機関データの管理・保全や,4)同システムの利用支援も大学図書館の役割として想定されているが,日本ではこれは難しい。
著者
橋爪 三雄 波左間 孝之
出版者
日本地図学会
雑誌
地図 (ISSN:00094897)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.3, pp.21-23, 1981-09-30 (Released:2011-07-19)
参考文献数
2
著者
Takuma Iguchi Ken Sakurai Satoshi Tamai Kazuhiko Mori
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY
雑誌
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology (ISSN:09149198)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.3-13, 2018 (Released:2018-01-24)
参考文献数
58
被引用文献数
6

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can potentially be used as sensitive and specific biomarkers for tissue injury. However, the usefulness of circulating miRNAs as safety biomarkers in nonclinical toxicological studies using nonhuman primates is debatable owing to the limited information on organ-specific miRNAs. Therefore, a systematic investigation was performed to address this point. We identified organ-specific miRNAs from cynomolgus monkeys by next-generation sequencing analysis, which revealed that miR-122 was only abundant in the liver, whereas miR-192 was abundant in the liver, stomach, intestines, and kidney. The sequences of these miRNAs were identical to their human counterparts. Next, the absolute miR-122 and miR-192 levels were qualified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the circulating levels of the miRNAs. No significant differences in the levels of circulating miRNAs between sexes were noted, and there was greater interindividual variation in miR-122 (20-fold variation) than in miR-192 (8-fold variation), based on their dynamic ranges. Finally, we evaluated the fluctuation in circulating liver-specific miRNAs in a monkey model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine induced hepatotoxicity in all the animals, which was characterized histopathologically by centrilobular necrosis and vacuolation of hepatocytes. Circulating miR-122 and miR-192 levels increased more than ALT levels after 24 h, indicating that circulating miR-122 and miR-192 may serve as sensitive biomarkers for the detection of hepatotoxicity in cynomolgus monkeys. This review describes the fundamental profiles of circulating liver-specific miRNAs in cynomolgus monkeys and focusses on their organ specificity, circulating levels, and fluctuations in drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
著者
中川 成美
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.11, pp.52-63, 2001-11-10 (Released:2017-08-01)

カルチュラル・スタディーズが真に衝撃的だったのは、既存の学問的な思考分類がそれ自身のためにあったのだということに気付かせた点にあるだろう。ハイ・カルチュアーを構成してきた知識人や大学人によって排除・疎外されてきた大衆文化の見直し作業は、<制度>として機能してきたアカデミックな領域そのものへの痛烈な自己批判として出発した。それは「方法」ではなく、思考の転回を期するものであったはずだ。しかし、文学研究の領域で「推進」されようとしている<文化研究>と呼称されるものは、果たしてそうした起点を持ちえていたであろうか。文学におけるカルチュラル・スタディーズとは何を目的とするものなのか、また文学とカルチュラル・スタディーズを繋ぐものは何なのか、本稿で考えたい。
著者
ジメネス フェリックス 吉川 大弘 古橋 武 加納 政芳 中村 剛士
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.5, pp.A-H11_1-11, 2017-09-01 (Released:2017-09-01)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

The growth of robot technology has prompted growing interest in educational-support robots that assist in learning. Most of these studies report on collaborative learning between educational-support robots and healthy children. Meanwhile, the number of children in primary schools with diagnosed developmental disabilities (gray zone children) has increased in Japan. Gray zone children may have difficulty learning over long time periods. Moreover, gray zone children tend to receive peer teaching from healthy children in the school environment. Other symptoms of autism in children are low self-esteem and possibly depression. We expect that gray zone children will learn best by teaching another learner. Learning-by-teaching promotes self-esteem and improves the learning time. In a previous study, a robot that answered a question incorrectly and uttered “Please teach me” or similar statements provided a collaborative learning environment for the learning-by-teaching method. However, whether collaborative learning with this robot increases the learning time of gray zone children was not investigated. Therefore, the present study investigates whether gray zone children can improve their learning time in collaborative learning with a robot that prompts learning-by-teaching. The robot is designed to answer questions incorrectly and utter statements such as “Please teach me.” The robot is also designed to have learning capability. For example, the robot learns the methods of problem-solving from its human partner. Thus, when presented with a question that can be solved by a previously learned method, the robot can answer the question correctly. The experimental results suggested that the learning enhancement was driven by the robot’s initial incapacity to answer a question, and its requests for assistance by the gray zone child. Gray zone children engaged in collaborative learning with our robot spent more time learning than those working alone. Moreover, the gray zone children enjoyed the collaborative learning with our robot than the robot which always solves questions correctly and never solves questions correctly.
著者
高山 草二
出版者
日本教育情報学会
雑誌
教育情報研究 (ISSN:09126732)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.4, pp.11-19, 2000-03-31 (Released:2017-05-27)
参考文献数
15

ビデオゲームの面白さとその個人差を実証的に検討するため, ゲームで遊ぶ動機とメディア嗜好性を小学生について調べた.因子分析の結果, 道具的な動機である「暇つぶし」「逃避」の他に, 「挑戦」「コントロール」「空想」「好奇心」など, 内発的動機づけ理論において提案されてきたすべての側面がみられた.これらの動機が重なることで面白さが増していた.個人差の分析の結果, 内発的動機または道具的動機が中心の類型, どの動機も低い否定的な類型など, 多様な類型がみられた.一対比較法によるメディアとの嗜好の比較から, ビデオゲームは双方向性をもったテレビとしてとらえられており, 特に, ビデオゲーム特有の面白さとして「コントロール」と「空想」がメディアの双方向性から生ずることが示唆された.ゲーム様式のCAIに関して, これら結果の意義を検討した.
著者
平野 智紀 原田 悠輔 加藤 紗夕理 畑中 一良
出版者
日本教育工学会
雑誌
日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.Suppl., pp.113-116, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)
参考文献数
9

本研究では,全国学力・学習状況調査の結果を各学校が自校の教育指導・学習状況改善に活用することを促すワークショップを開発した.ジグソー法により自校の調査分析を分担して受け持つことで,自校の課題に焦点化された議論を可能にしたほか,反転学習により分析作業の一部を外に出し,多忙な学校現場においても実施可能なプログラムとした.ワークシートからは,自校の教育指導・学習状況改善のための現状認識を教員間で共有する効果があること,アンケートからは,反応レベル・学習レベル・行動変容レベルにおける一定の成果が示された.
著者
松下 佳代
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育学会
雑誌
教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.2, pp.150-163, 2014 (Released:2015-06-18)
参考文献数
51
被引用文献数
4

本稿の目的は、OECD-PISAのリテラシー概念がどのような性格をもち、参加国の教育政策にどのような影響を与えているのかを検討することを通じて、PISAリテラシーを「飼いならす」(Hacking, 1990)こと、すなわち、その影響をコントロール可能なものにすることにある。本稿ではまず、PISAが、マグネット経済や機械との競争というロジックに支えられながら、教育指標としての規範性を強め、国家間の比較と政策借用を通じて教育改革を促す道具になっていることを明らかにした。さらに、1950年代以降のリテラシーの概念史の中に位置づけることによって、PISAリテラシーが〈内容的知識やポリティクスの視点を捨象し、グローバルに共通すると仮想された機能的リテラシー〉という性格をもつことを浮きぼりにした。ナショナルなレベルでの教育内容の編成にあたっては、捨象されたこれらの部分を取り戻し、能力と知識の関係を再構成する必要がある。
著者
福森 崇貴 後藤 豊実 佐藤 寛
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.89.17202, (Released:2018-03-10)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
7

In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale for Nurses (ProQOL-JN). The scale was designed to evaluate the quality of life of people working as health care professionals and involves three subscales: compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, and burnout. The scale’s reliability and validity were examined using data from 618 Japanese nurses. The results indicated that this scale had three component structures; furthermore, a test–retest correlation and an internal consistency indicated that the scale had high reliability. Correlations with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Japanese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Japanese version of the Burnout Inventory were mostly consistent with the current theory of professional quality of life, which supports the high validity of the ProQOL-JN. These results indicated that the scale has the required reliability and validity to measure nurses’ quality of life.
著者
河角 広
出版者
Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌
地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.3, pp.115-138, 1970-06-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
被引用文献数
7 13

In earlier days most Japanese wanted eagerly to have means of earthquake prediction in order to escape earthquake disaster taking refuge in advance in open spaces since they were almost powerless in encountering the menaces. We are now enabled to long for the mitigation of the disaster by the advancement of science and technology, although we have not yet succeeded to predict the coming of a disastrous earthquake. Our safety thus depend entirely on our effort for the countermeasures against the calamity. But we have only limited allowances for such preparations economically and in time available. It is therefore inevitable to start the preparation from the most important and imminent localities in a country, from the national point of view.In Japan, according to the writer's witness on the imminence of Southern Kwanto District at the Diet in July, 1964, such preparation work for Tokyo Metropolis was started the next month by a new Earthquake Division of the Disaster Prevention Council of the Metropolis, and several important hazard possibilities of the imminent earthquake have been revealed with the result that similar committees have also been made in other prefectures and cities in the same area as well as in the Central Government of the country.In this paper the writer intended to give the ground for his assertion of the imminence of a disastrous earthquake giving proofs of the periodicity of such calamities on the statistical and historical analyses, and made some comments on the possible consequences and major problems in the countermeasures to cope with the conceived disaster as revealed by the studies made on the national and metropolitan levels.In view of the importance, interest and the space allowance, only the proofs of the periodicity in the recurrence of destructive earthquakes in the district concerned are summarised in this abstract.Historical earthquakes in and around Kwanto District as shown in the map (Fig. 2.1) were examined and those which were destructive at Kamakura or presumable as such from the standard intensity-distance-magnitude curve were selected and listed in Table 1.1. Periodicities of these earthquakes were analysed statistically. Similar analyses were also applied to the earthquakes experienced in Tokyo which are listed in Table 2.2. A definite period τ of 69 years (besides a few integral multiples of this period) was clearly found. The methods used in the above analyses were by means of (1) Fourier transforms (Fig. 1.1), (2) autocorrelation functions (Figs. 1.3 and 1.4) and (3) historical examinations of the number of cases when no destructive earthquakes took place within the standard deviation +√ ξ2 from the year tp when a destructive earthquake was expected to occur from the periodicity. Test of persistence of the period was also made by means of the theory of random walks consisting of Fourier amplitudes in successive periods (Figs. 1.5 a and b). Rayleigh-Schuster's criterion (Formula 1.3) that is the probability of obtaining the actual Fourier amplitude on the assumption of no periodicity or the resultant distance of above mentioned random walks gave the values of the probability equal to 0.06% and 0.03% for Kamakura and Tokyo respectively. In comparison to usual value of 5 or 10% for recognizing periodicity in geophysical phenomena, the smallness of the above values is more than enough to disprove the non-existence of the periodicity of 69 years in the recurrence of destructive earthquakes in the districts under consideration.
著者
赤井 孝幸
出版者
日本ロボット学会
雑誌
日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.1, pp.28-31, 1997-01-15 (Released:2010-08-10)
参考文献数
4
著者
羽根田 貴行 諸星 綾 小林 万里
出版者
Association of Wildlife and Human Society
雑誌
野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.2, pp.1-10, 2017 (Released:2017-06-17)
参考文献数
21

The Pacific Ocean along the coast of eastern Hokkaido is rich in marine resources and many pinniped species inhabit the area. In this study, we report the pinniped numbers and species that are incidentally caught in salmon set nets in the waters off eastern Hokkaido from spring to autumn in 2012-2014. As a result, the number of by-catch individuals was higher in spring than in autumn, with the majority of animals caught in Konbumori and Hamanaka, respectively. Individuals of all the pinniped species that inhabit the Hokkaido coast were caught in spring. The main seal species caught in this season were harbor seals, spotted seals, and northern fur seals, whereas the majority of by-catch animals in autumn were harbor seals. Most of the by-catch seals were young individuals. However, in addition to pups, pregnant northern fur seal females were caught incidentally, likely while moving northward to breed. Migratory pinnipeds depends on the environment, the change in the number of by-catch by year was great. In contrast, resident species changed little. Therefore, status of the by-catch of migratory pinnipeds can be used as an indicator of environmental changes, whereas, the current inhabitant changes for resident species such as harbor seals.
著者
羽根田 貴行 小林 万里 田村 善太郎 高田 清志 小川 泉
出版者
日本哺乳類学会
雑誌
哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.1, pp.35-43, 2017 (Released:2017-07-11)
参考文献数
17

厚岸地域大黒島のゼニガタアザラシ(Phoca vitulina stejnegeri)の上陸個体数は,近年増加傾向にある.それに伴い,大黒島に隣接する厚岸湾での漁業被害が深刻化している.しかしながら,被害物は痕跡が残り難いことから,実際に本種がどれくらいの漁獲物を捕食しているのか,漁業への影響の程度は明らかではない.本研究では,厚岸湾を利用するゼニガタアザラシの漁業への影響の程度を評価することを最終目標とし,いつ,どのような個体が,どれくらいの頻度で厚岸湾を利用しているかを明らかにすることを目的とした.厚岸湾で2個体に衛星発信機を装着したところ,両個体とも,厚岸湾の利用場所は湾内の小定置網と重なっており,極めて浅く短い潜水を行っていることが明らかになった.また,初春以降,両個体とも厚岸湾の利用が見られなくなり,それぞれ厚岸湾外と釧路へと移動した.両個体の移動時期は厚岸湾の小定置網漁が終わる時期とも一致していたことから,厚岸湾で両個体が餌としていた魚の分布が変化したことによって,ゼニガタアザラシも餌場を変えたと考えられた.これらの結果から,ゼニガタアザラシにとって厚岸湾は,初春に,成獣個体だけでなく採餌経験が未熟な未成熟個体にも,上陸場から近く水深が浅いため長時間滞在できる餌場であると考えられた.初春を過ぎるとゼニガタアザラシは厚岸湾から別の場所への餌場の変化がみられ,成獣はより上陸場に近く水深の深い餌場を利用し,幼獣は広範囲に移動しながら餌場の探索を長時間行なっていた.これらの違いは成獣と幼獣で餌場の学習や採餌経験の豊富さから発生しているものと考えられた.
著者
Haruo Tomari
出版者
Japan Society of Corrosion Engineering
雑誌
Zairyo-to-Kankyo (ISSN:09170480)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.4, pp.202-209, 1997-04-15 (Released:2009-11-25)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
1

This review describes current trend in research and development of a slight degree of corrosion of stainless steel for semiconductor processing. Although organic materials such as polyvinyl chloride have been used for ultra-pure water piping in semiconductor processing, it has been pointed out that there are several problems of impurities release from the piping surface, insufficiency of heatproofing in heat-sterilizing etc. It has been reported that the amount of metal dissolution from electro-polished stainless steel in ultra-pure water was very small, and that controlled oxidation treatment after electropolishing gave more excellent corrosion resistance. On the other hand, the electropolished stainless steel pipe are used mainly for gas piping in semiconductor processing. However, it is reported that it is subject to a slight degree of corrosion in corrosive chlorine gas and other halogen gases. Moreover, it is proved that the corrosion resistance in halogen gases is improved by controlling the heat treatment condition of oxygen partial pressure and other factors, and the pre-heating suface polishing methods.