著者
Keisuke Anan Yuki Kataoka Kazuya Ichikado Kodai Kawamura Takeshi Johkoh Kiminori Fujimoto Kazunori Tobino Ryo Tachikawa Hiroyuki Ito Takahito Nakamura Tomoo Kishaba Minoru Inomata Yosuke Yamamoto
出版者
Society for Clinical Epidemiology
雑誌
Annals of Clinical Epidemiology (ISSN:24344338)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.22008, (Released:2022-02-09)
被引用文献数
4

Background: This study aimed to develop criteria for identifying patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) from Japanese administrative data and validate the pre-existing criteria.Methods: This retrospective, multi-center validation study was conducted at eight institutes in Japan to verify the diagnostic accuracy of the disease name for AE-IPF. We used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data to identify patients with a disease name that could meet the diagnostic criteria for AE-IPF, who were admitted to the eight institutes from January 2016 to February 2019. As a reference standard, two respiratory physicians performed a chart review to determine whether the patients had a disease that met the diagnostic criteria for AE-IPF. Furthermore, two radiologists interpreted the chest computed tomography findings of cases considered AE-IPF and confirmed the diagnosis. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for each disease name and its combination. Results: We included 830 patients; among them, 216 were diagnosed with AE-IPF through the chart review. We combined the groups of disease names and yielded two criteria: the criteria with a high PPV (0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.81]) and that with a slightly less PPV (0.61 [0.53 to 0.68]) but more true positives. Pre-existing criteria showed a PPV of 0.40 (0.31 to 0.49).Conclusion: The criteria derived in this study for identifying AE-IPF from Japanese administrative data show a fair PPV. Although these criteria should be carefully interpreted according to the target population, our findings could be utilized in future database studies on AE-IPF.
著者
大城 直樹
出版者
The Human Geographical Society of Japan
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.3, pp.220-238, 1990-06-28 (Released:2009-04-28)
参考文献数
75
被引用文献数
4 3

This study aims at presenting some concrete features of Kohama, a Ryukyuan traditional settlement, in order to illustrate“Personality”of place, which may be considered as the whole dynamic relation of life and land. Attempts have been made to grasp their interrelations, namely“genre de vie”in Buttimer's sense, which includes not only material-social aspects but also mental-cultural phases in the analysis of a place. It should be understood, however, that the physical and socio-cultural matters examined here are quite selective, and limited to only the essential ones.The physical aspects are analyzed applying the concept of“high and low island”(by W.L. Thomas, Jr.). The basic physical features of the survey field, Kohama, can be defined as a“high island”, but since the island is relatively small, the characteristics of “high island”are not very apparent. However, the island's peculiar geologic formation, that is, the Quaternary limestone on a terrace and its unconforming position between the underlying surfaces, is favorable to hydrographic process of accumulation-drainage, and is better equipped with water supply for multiple agriculture (mainly sugar cane and rice cropping). For these aspects of the island's ecosystem, the relation between the physical aspects and subsistence form on this island is explicit. However, it is also a fact that the island's small area is a weak base for diversity. On the other hand, the siting of settlements was not necessarily disadvantageous under the medieval policy of giving preference to cultivated land. Rather, given the hydrological characteristics of the island, they can be said to be as appropriately located as the agricultural land.Regarding social matters, vertical relations, which specifically mean the relations between the upper and lower parts of social structure as suggested by hierarchies in kinship and the landlord/tenant system within the settlement, are not dominant, but equal or horizontal relations are noticeable. For instance, as for rice field possession, it is unusual for the main families to occupy well-watered rice fields. Spatial arrangement of residences also shows such a tendency: the houses of the main and branch families are not remarkably segregated. Generally speaking, in the Yaeyama Islands including Kohama, we can find no socially hierarchical system in rural communities such as that peculiar to the main island of Okinawa. It is safe to say that the horizontal social relations in the settlement have reflected a multi-centered and multi-phased rather than a centripetal and vertical social structure.Calling attention to cultural matters, particularly agricultural rites, which enable us to catch a picture of an unusual world and a hidden meaning of place, we are able to understand that, as a cultural apparatus, they embody ties of interdependence among the matters of“genre de vie”. The above-mentioned multiphased structure in the social context is ascertained not only from the different participants in those rites, but also sacred/profane territory and places implying boundaries. Besides, in the physical context, such a structure no doubt makes good use of the landscape surrounding the settlement under investigation.
著者
宮島 幹之助
出版者
日本人類学会
雑誌
東京人類學會雜誌 (ISSN:18847641)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.126, pp.479-494_1, 1896-09-28 (Released:2010-06-28)
著者
Miyaura Norio Yamada Kinji Suzuki Akira
出版者
Pergamon Press
雑誌
Tetrahedron Letters (ISSN:00404039)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.36, pp.3437-3440, 1979
被引用文献数
1829

The representative (E)-1-alkenyldisiamylboranes and (E)-1-alkenyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaboroles readily obtainable Image hydroboration of 1-alkynes react with 1-alkenyl halides or 1-alkynyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and base to give corresponding conjugated (E)-dienes or (E)-enynes with high regio- and stereospecificity in good yields, respectively.
著者
Kanae Hasegawa Hiroyasu Uzui Yoshitomo Fukuoka Dai Miyanaga Yuichiro Shiomi Naoto Tama Hiroyuki Ikeda Kentaro Ishida Shinsuke Miyazaki Yoshiki Sekijima Hironobu Naiki Hiroshi Tada
出版者
International Heart Journal Association
雑誌
International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.1, pp.49-55, 2022-01-29 (Released:2022-01-29)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
2

The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is frequently delayed because histological confirmation is often challenging. Few studies have attempted to clarify the utility and safety of abdominal fat pad fine-needle aspiration (FPFNA) for an initial screening test in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis.This study included 77 consecutive patients with suspected non-ischemic cardiomyopathy who had left ventricular dysfunction and/or hypertrophy. All patients underwent abdominal FPFNA and an endomyocardial biopsy. In all patients, the abdominal FPFNA could be performed within less than 5 minutes with no complications; however, in 1 patient (1.3%), the obtained specimen was too small to evaluate. Among the remaining 76 patients, 5 (6.6%) were positive for amyloid (FPFNA[+]) and 7 (9.2%), including the 5 FPFNA[+], were diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis (AL = 1, ATTR = 6) by endomyocardial biopsy. Positive abdominal FPFNAs indicated cardiac amyloidosis with high accuracy (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 100%).Positive abdominal FPFNAs are directly linked to diagnoses of cardiac amyloidosis. Abdominal FPFNA is simple and useful for the initial screening test for cardiac amyloidosis in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
著者
Keiichi AOTSUKA Hideki ENDO
出版者
The Ornithological Society of Japan
雑誌
ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.1, pp.79-92, 2022 (Released:2022-01-31)
参考文献数
97

Alcidae (auks) is a family of wing-propelled diving Charadriiformes, which includes 24 extant species distributed in the Holarctic region. Here, we describe a fossil humerus of Pliocene Alcidae (approximately 4.5–3.5 Ma) from the Fukagawa Group in Hokkaido, Japan. Although this specimen is incomplete and the diagnostic characters of the specific genus are lacking, it shares similar characteristics with Uria, such as the size, dorsoventrally compressed humeral shaft, low and smooth crista deltopectoralis, and a nearly rectangular supracoracoideus scar. While several Alcidae fossils have been reported from the Miocene–Pleistocene deposits (23.0–0.0117 Ma) of the Eastern Pacific (i.e., Mexico and California, USA), little is known about fossils from the Western Pacific (i.e., Asia), most of which have been found from Pleistocene deposits (approximately 0.7–0.12 Ma). This study, reporting the first Pliocene Alcidae from the Western Pacific, implies that the Alcidae were already distributed in the Holarctic region during the early Pliocene.
著者
Toru SUZUKI Atsushi TAKEDA Yoko TAKADAYA Yoshihiro FUJII
出版者
Asian Society of Human Services
雑誌
Asian Journal of Human Services (ISSN:21863350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.55-62, 2020 (Released:2020-10-30)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 5

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Selective Mutism (SM) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We conducted an individual questionnaire survey of kindergarten and elementary school teachers about the children with SM (n=17), children with ASD (n=12) and children with Typical Development (TD) (n=12) in their classes. The questionnaire included screening tests for SM, using the Selective Mutism Questionnaire-Revised (SMQ-R), and ASD, using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). The results showed that in the SMQ-R, the scores for children with SM were significantly higher than those for other children. Meanwhile, in the AQ, the children with SM and ASD scored significantly higher than the children with TD, but no difference was observed between the two. This suggests that many children with SM are likely to show ASD traits. In future, to support children with SM, we need to find effective approaches to both the SM and ASD aspects of their condition.
著者
鈴木 惠雅 宮本 武典
出版者
日本比較生理生化学会
雑誌
比較生理生化学 (ISSN:09163786)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.76-82, 2015-06-10 (Released:2015-06-22)
参考文献数
47

本来,我々にとって最も日常的な食べ物の好き嫌いは生得的に決まっている。しかし,新奇の味を摂取後,内臓不調により不快に感じると,その味を忌避するようになる(味覚嫌悪学習)。この時に獲得する記憶を味覚嫌悪記憶という。一方で,嫌悪記憶を獲得した味も, 内臓不調を伴わず快と感じれば嫌悪記憶を読み出せなくなり,その味を再び好むようになる(消去学習)。この時に獲得する記憶を消去記憶という。我々は,マウスを用いた行動実験によって,性成熟を促す雄性ホルモン(アンドロゲン)の一つであるテストステロンが,味覚嫌悪学習後の消去記憶の保持機構に著しい影響を及ぼすことを明らかにしてきた。その結果,消去記憶の保持機構の成熟は,消去に関連する脳部位(扁桃体,前頭前野腹内側部)が,性成熟前と性成熟後の2段階でテストステロンに曝露されることが必要であり,特に,性成熟前の高くはないが一過性のテストステロン曝露が非常に重要であることが示唆された。近年,行動の発現を調節する中枢神経系への性ホルモンの作用に注目した研究が数多く報告されている。本稿では,性成熟の視点から,味覚嫌悪学習後の消去記憶保持機構の成熟に対するテストステロンの役割について,主として我々の研究成果を通して解説する。
著者
伸隆 具志堅 かおり 唐沢
出版者
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.1, pp.40-52, 2007 (Released:2007-09-05)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
2

本研究は,情動的メッセージと反すう思考による説得プロセスを検証した。大学生277名が情動的なエピソードによって死刑制度の必要性を訴える情動的メッセージ,あるいは客観的な報告によってこれを訴える客観的メッセージを提示された。その後,実験参加者は態度評定に先立って,死刑制度に対する考えを記述するか(反すう思考群),死刑制度と無関連な事柄について記述するか(反すう妨害群),あるいは直ちに態度評定を行った(直後評定群)。その結果,死刑制度に関する反すう思考は,情動的メッセージ群においてのみ,態度変化を促進した。さらに,パス解析によると,情動的メッセージ群では情動的な思考によって態度変化が媒介されていたのに対し,客観的メッセージ群では認知的な思考によって媒介されていた。情動的メッセージの内容に関する反すう思考が態度変化を促進するメカニズムが議論された。
著者
内嶋 修
出版者
海人社
雑誌
世界の艦船
巻号頁・発行日
no.891, pp.128-137, 2019-01
著者
鉄道省 編
出版者
鉄道省大臣官房研究所
巻号頁・発行日
vol.大正12年 補遺, 1927
著者
河野 麻沙美
出版者
日本質的心理学会
雑誌
質的心理学研究 (ISSN:24357065)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.25-40, 2007 (Released:2020-07-06)

本研究は,教室談話を通した課題解決学習を進める算数授業を対象に,児童の理解過程を検討したものである。教師が提供した学習を支援するための数学ツールではなく,教室談話を通して,子どもたちが作り上げた独自の絵図が互いの学習を支援し,理解深化を促した事例に即して,教室における知識構築の過程を分析した。絵図の生成過程における,教室談話と図の使用から捉えられた理解過程を検討し,数学ツール理解の様相と比較すると,図の表象が果たす役割に違いがみられた。学習を支援するはずの数学ツールは,子どもたちの理解を表象する図とはならず,絵図は,子どもたちの知識や思考スタイルの集大成となっており,さらに概念を可視化する数学的表象としての役割と,場面を表象する具体性を持ち合わせていた。Cobb らの数学理解を支援する活動の性質を捉えた「立ち戻り」概念にある共有・再共有の過程は,概念を可視化し,場面を表象するこどもたちの絵図がイメージとして機能し,また,くり返し立ち戻る過程で,子どもたちが様々な表現を用いて説明することで,子どもたちによる足場組みがなされ,子どもたちの理解深化が支えられていたことが分かった。
著者
福島 邦夫
出版者
長崎大学
雑誌
長崎大学教養部紀要. 人文科学篇 (ISSN:02871300)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.93-104, 1996-01

五来重氏は中世の遊女の呪具である木偶人形、百太夫に注目し、百太夫がイタコのオシラ様につながるものとして、中世の遊女(巫女)と東北のイタコとの関係を連続するものとして跡づけた。従来の日本のシャーマニズム研究には歴史的な視点が欠落しており、単なる現状のモノグラフとその分析に終わっているといえよう。五来重氏のこの指摘はそれに一石を投じたものであった。本稿は歴史的な視点を取り込みながら、平戸・生月のシャーマン的職能者のモノグラフと歴史的史料を中心に陰陽道とシャーマニズムの関係を考えてみようとするものである。平戸・生月ばかりでなく北部九州一帯には、トウニン、ホウニン、ダイニンなどと呼ばれるシャーマン的な民間宗教者が存在する。そのことについてはすでに別稿で触れた。以下の報告では、彼らのイニシエーションに注目し、また、彼らを生んだ宗教的な伝統を明らかにすることを目的として、平戸・生月の例を取り上げながら、考えてみたい。まず、いくつかの事例を報告する。