著者
宋釋子璿撰
出版者
高師直刊
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[1], 1339
著者
SAMANTI KULATILAKE
出版者
The Anthropological Society of Nippon
雑誌
Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.200428, (Released:2020-08-08)

Swiss naturalists Paul and Fritz Sarasin visited Sri Lanka on five occasions. Their later visits were focused on anthropological research on the Indigenous Wannila Atto (‘Vedda’) people and exploration of prehistoric settlements in Sri Lanka. Among the Sarasins’ anthropological and archaeological collections are skeletal material of several ethnic groups of Sri Lanka belonging to the 19th and early 20th centuries. This collection is curated at the Natural History Museum of Basel, Switzerland. The ethnolinguistic groups represented in the Sarasins’ collection include the ‘Vedda,’ Tamil, and Sinhala people of Sri Lanka, and it constitutes the largest ‘Vedda’ cranial collection housed at a single institution. The objective of this paper is to compare cranial variation of the Indigenous ‘Vedda’ and other Sri Lankan ethnic groups using this important dataset, while publishing the raw craniometric data for further studies. Observations on the dentition show that the Tamil and Sinhala individuals had high incidences of caries and dental abscesses that are typically associated with agriculturalists and that cribra orbitalia associated with iron deficiency was relatively common among all three ethnic groups. Betel quid chewing for recreational and cultural purposes, a practice that is widespread even today, had left dark stains on the teeth of many individuals of all groups in the sample. Multivariate statistical analyses on the craniometric data show that there is significant overlap among the three ethnic groups in terms of cranial shape. These findings underscore the importance of considering the ‘Vedda,’ Tamil, and Sinhala groups from Sri Lanka as closely related, due to gene flow over millennia.
著者
Lusha Wang Ayumi Kotani Takafumi Tanaka Takeshi Ohta
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2020-043, (Released:2020-11-23)
被引用文献数
1

Based on the drought severity index (DSI), which is derived from the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to potential evapotranspiration (PET) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as measured by remote sensing, we replaced the ET/PET ratio with soil moisture (0-10 cm) to establish an improved index (IDSI) and evaluated the drought situation in Inner Mongolia. The two components in IDSI are independently derived; however, the effects of evapotranspiration are contained in the soil moisture, and even precipitation changes could be reflected. We used monthly IDSI data for Inner Mongolia to evaluate drought throughout the growing season (May–September) during 2001-2010. The IDSI showed that 2001, 2007, and 2009 were years with significant drought. Areas that experienced extreme drought were less extensive than those found by the DSI because we removed the ET/PET component, which already contains the effects of the NDVI. IDSI results not only contained the degree of precipitation change for a given month through soil moisture, but also reflected the influence of water and heat in the previous month through the NDVI. Moreover, IDSI results were generally consistent with agricultural drought disaster records.
著者
加藤 喬 坂田 敏治 小野 真介 筒井 嘉範
出版者
一般社団法人 映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
映像情報メディア学会技術報告 (ISSN:13426893)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, pp.25-28, 2013

従来のバーチャルシステムを中継現場で構築する際、機材の調達費、現場での準備時間、作業環境等、本社内での運用に比べ様々な課題がある。そこで今回これらの課題解決にあたって、テレビ朝日では中継先から本社に送られてくる映像に、バーチャルCG用の位置情報(=カメラデータ)等をHD-SDIのアンシラリー領域に重畳し、それらの情報を元に本社のバーチャル設備をリアルタイムで連動させる「VANCシステム(Vertical ANCillary inserter)」を開発及び生中継で実用化した。結果、先の課題はほぼ解決し大幅な制作費節減と、本番直前まで臨機応変に修正及び調整可能な中継バーチャル演出を実現した。
著者
村橋 勲
出版者
日本文化人類学会
雑誌
日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 (ISSN:21897964)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016, 2016

本発表の目的は、ウガンダのキリヤドンゴ難民居住地を事例とし、南スーダン難民の生計における難民の「自立」と依存を考察することである。ウガンダは、1955年から現在に至るまで、多くの(南)スーダン難民を受け入れてきた。発表では、ウガンダの難民政策の下での難民の生計活動とホスト社会の形成に注目し、生計における難民の「自立」が、個々の生計活動だけでなく、ホスト社会との社会経済関係に依存していることを示す。
著者
大野 雅恵
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.128, no.3, pp.343-355, 2008-03-01 (Released:2008-03-01)
参考文献数
62
被引用文献数
4 4

Nuclear receptors function as ligand-inducible transcription factors that regulate various physiological functions such as development, reproduction, and metabolism. Dysregulation of the metabolism of cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose leads to the metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. Studies of nuclear receptors promise to provide discoveries of therapeutic agents against the metabolic syndrome. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is activated by bile acids. FXR regulates the metabolism of not only bile acid but also cholesterol, lipoprotein, triglyceride, and glucose, and is considered a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome because of these functions. Nuclear receptors have two regions for transactivation, a constitutive activation function (AF-1) and a ligand-dependent activation function (AF-2). AF-1 and AF-2 seem to require interactions with coactivators for the activation function and both work synergistically to give full transactivation of nuclear receptors. However, coactivators for AF-1 activity are poorly understood, whereas coactivators required for AF-2 activity have been well studied. To understand the molecular mechanism of AF-1 in FXR, we isolated proteins associated with AF-1 by GST pull-down assay using the N-terminal region of FXR and nuclear extracts from HeLa cells. This review focuses on the roles of FXR and our new findings regarding FXR-associated factors.
著者
Gisela Grunewaldt-Stöcker Christiane von den Berg Johanna Knopp Henning von Alten
出版者
Japanese Society for Root Research
雑誌
Plant Root (ISSN:18816754)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.33-48, 2013 (Released:2013-09-20)
参考文献数
76
被引用文献数
19

Plant protection against soil-borne diseases has been a challenge in horticultural production of Ericaceae for a long time. We tested the hypothesis that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ERMF) control root pathogens. Isolates of ERMF previously obtained from Calluna vulgaris and Rhododendron hirsutum were selected based on growth inhibiting activity against Oomycetes in dual agar plate tests. In addition, we assessed their impact on economically important Pythium spec. and Phytophthora cinnamomi in sterile Rhododendron plantlets in a liquid culture system, which is suitable for continuous observations of the infection process. For this purpose, rooted cuttings of micro-propagated Rhododendron plantlets were transferred to a mineral solution and subsequently inoculated with either Oidiodendron maius or the ERMF isolates. Before the root pathogens were applied to the experimental system, the symbioses were established over a four-week period. Mycorrhizal development, pathogen infection sites and development in mycorrhizal plants and non-mycorrhizal control plants were assessed microscopically. The root-colonising intensity of the tested ERMF differed considerably, but each of the applied ERMF impaired external pathogen mycelium and reduced pathogenic infections. A complete reduction was achieved at higher ERMF colonisation levels. The failure of symbiosis formation allowed pathogens to infect and spread. The quantification data concerning mycorrhiza frequencies and extramatrical hyphal nets provided details for a discussion on the suppressive effects of ERMF on the pathogens. The tested ERMF confer at least a localized protection from pathogen attack through suppression prior to infection. It is now to prove, whether these biocontrol effects will also be expressed in pot experiments.
著者
四條 知恵
出版者
「宗教と社会」学会
雑誌
宗教と社会 (ISSN:13424726)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.19-33, 2012

キリスト教の信仰に影響された特徴的な語りが長崎で生まれた。この背景には、永井隆という人物の影響があるとされる。カトリック教徒であった医学博士永井隆は1951年に病没するまでの間に旺盛な執筆活動を行い、現在も長崎の原爆の象徴として一般に語られる人物であるが、『長崎の鐘』[1949]に代表される彼の著作に見られる原爆に対する独特な思想〔燔祭説:原爆死を神への犠牲(燔祭)と捉える考え方〕は、占領軍への親和性や原爆投下責任の隠蔽、さらには長崎における原爆の記憶を発信する上での消極性につながるなどとして批判を受けてきた。しかしながら、そこでは永井の思想が与えた影響力は常に前提とされ、実際の受容状況が測られることはなかったといえる。本稿では、純心女子学園を対象に、原子爆弾による甚大な被害がどのよう語られてきたのかを考察することで、燔祭説の受容と戦後65年間にもたらされた変化を提示する。
著者
宮本 美沙子 国枝 加代子 山梨 益代 東 洋
出版者
日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.4, pp.206-212, 1965-12-31

この研究は子どものひとりごとについて,1.課題解決中の子どものひとりごとの発言数は,発達的にいかに変化するか。2.課題解決中そこに障害を導入すると,子どもがそれに気づいたあとひとりごとに変化が生じるか,という点を実験的に検証することを目的とした。課題としては,子どもがなじみやすく,遂行中の発言が自由でかつ実験者が困難度を統御しやすいという意味で,ピクチャーパズルおよび自由画を選んだ。子どもが課題遂行中,ピクチャーパズルでは途中で残り数片のうち3片を他のパズルの3片ととりかえ,自由画では子どもの必要としているクレパスを数本ぬく,という障害を導入した。2人を1組とし,そのうち1人を被験者として注目し,4・5・6才児計53名を被験者として実験を行なった。結果を要約すると次のようになる。1.子どもがピクチャーパズルおよび自由画という課題解決時において発した言語では,自己中心性言語が社会性言語をうわまわった。2.課題解決中の発言数は,自己中心性言語数では,5才が最も多く,4才がそれにつぎ,6才が最も少なかった。社会性言語数では年令が増すとともに減少した。3.課題解決中にそこに障害をいれると,子どもが障害に気づく前よりも気づいたあとでは,自己中心性言語が有意差をもって増加した。4.課題解決中子どもが障害に気づくと,気づく前にくらべて,自己中心性言語のうち問題解決的独語が有意差をもって増加した。問題解決的独語と非問題解決的独語との差には有意差があった。以上の結果結論を述べる。1.ひとりごとは,内言の発達における過渡的段階に生じるものとして,発言教は5才まで増大し,その後減少することが見出された。2.課題解決中そこに障害を導入すると,ひとりごとの頻度が増し,かつより問題解決指向的になることが見出された。したがって,本研究に関するかぎりでは,ひとりごとは,自分の行動を統制し,障害に対して問題解決指向的に働く機能をもつ,と結論づけることができる。
著者
内務省土木局
出版者
国土交通省
巻号頁・発行日
vol.大正9年,
著者
Maksymilian A. Brzezicki Lauren Celentano Maciej Ostrowski Arup Chakraborty
出版者
The Japanese Society of Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology
雑誌
Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Therapeutics (ISSN:18848826)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.67-78, 2020-11-18 (Released:2020-11-18)
参考文献数
46

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) displays a variety of psychological and physical symptoms. These are difficult to rapidly control with currently available pharmacological options. This review summarises the evidence for an acute use of microbiological modification drugs targeting vagal nerve stimulation.A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Pubmed, and PschInfo for all pre-clinical and human studies concerning the use of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the treatment of GAD.Twenty-five studies were eligible for inclusion. In mice, modification therapy resulted in improved behaviour that was at least non-inferior to standard therapy (antidepressants). Brain histopathology revealed further anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective benefits. Vagotomy abolished the anti-GAD properties of the treatment.In humans, several species demonstrated significant reductions in palpitations, shortness of breath, headaches, flu-like symptoms, and abdominal pains vs. placebo within 4 to 12 weeks. B. bifidum, B. lactis, L. acidophilus and S. thermophiles showed alleviation of physical symptoms to population baseline when added to an antidepressant. No significant side effects were reported in the studies.As physical symptoms are typically the presenting medical complaint of GAD, there is potential to control the disease with the administration of bacteria-containing pharmaceutical agents as an adjunct to current antidepressant options.
著者
伏木 ももこ 太田 和希 長谷川 孔明 大島 直樹 岡田 美智男
出版者
ヒューマンインタフェース学会
雑誌
ヒューマンインタフェース学会論文誌 (ISSN:13447262)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.4, pp.443-456, 2020-11-25 (Released:2020-11-25)
参考文献数
27

“Nudge theory,” an approach to influence people’s decision making, channels people’s behavior by designing environmental cues. We have been studying driving agents that encourage drivers to drive safely and make better behavioral choices for gently driving. Therefore, we attempted to apply a type of Nudge theory called default effect to driving agents. An example of the default effect is an instance wherein people need to make decisions immediately. They are more likely to follow other people’s opinions instead of considering the optimal choice. In this paper, we discuss the research outline of NAMIDA0, a multi-party interaction driving agent, and its application based on the Nudge theory.
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経コンピュータ (ISSN:02854619)
巻号頁・発行日
no.847, pp.32-35, 2013-11-14

楽天市場には約4万1000店が出店している。ほとんどが中小規模店舗で、日中の多くの時間を受注処理や梱包などの配送関連業務に費やしているのが実情だ。優勝セールなどのイベントがあると、その負担はさらに増す。