著者
大山 建司
出版者
山梨大学看護学会
雑誌
山梨大学看護学会誌 = 山梨大学看護学会誌 (ISSN:13477714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.1, pp.3-8, 2004

思春期は小児にとって最も大きな難関である。どのように始まり,どのように達成されて行くかを明らかにすることは,健康保持,医療の実施にあたって重要である。思春期に関する研究は多数報告されているが,その中から思春期の発現機序,ホルモンの関与,身体的変化,性差,身体像について,最近の知見に若干著者の私見を加えて報告する。
著者
雨車 和憲 半谷 精一郎
出版者
一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会 基礎・境界ソサイエティ Fundamentals Review (ISSN:18820875)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.3, pp.186-192, 2018-01-01 (Released:2018-01-01)
参考文献数
44

白黒の画像や映像を自動または半自動でカラー化するカラリゼーションと呼ばれる技術が研究されている.近年,ディープラーニングを用いることにより,ユーザが一切の手を加えずに完全に自動でカラー化する手法が提案され注目を集めている技術である.本稿では,これまでに研究されてきた各種カラリゼーション手法を,ユーザによる色情報の指定型,ソース画像入力型,及び完全な自動型に分けてそれぞれの手法の特徴について述べる.また,カラリゼーション手法の発展とともに医用画像やアニメーション制作,画像符号化など様々な研究にカラリゼーションが応用されるようになっている.本稿ではこれら応用研究及び,今後の展望についても述べる.
著者
草野 大希
出版者
アメリカ学会
雑誌
アメリカ研究 (ISSN:03872815)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, pp.41-60, 2015-03-25 (Released:2021-11-05)

This article highlights the characteristics of the Monroe Doctrine that are the roots of both American unilateralism and multilateralism. It achieves this objective by examining the utilization of the Monroe Doctrine by the United States to justify its interventionist policies in the Americas since its declaration in 1823 and traces its development over time as a justification for individual or collective intervention.As Gaddis Smith, a prominent historian of U.S. foreign policy, stated in 1994, the end of the Cold War seems to have put an end to “the last years of the Monroe Doctrine.” Actually, we rarely see the words of the Monroe Doctrine in American interventions any longer, especially those of the last two decades, including the recent statements by President Obama on his decision to begin a new military intervention against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. However, looking back on the history of the Monroe Doctrine and U.S. interventions, it is evident that this doctrine still continues to affect American policies even today. The validity of this assertion is confirmed by contemporary interventions, which as in the past, are marked by the problem of whether the U.S. can undertake these actions unilaterally or multilaterally, that is, the very problem that it had to confront in the Western Hemisphere under the Monroe Doctrine, long before the end of the Cold War.It is true that many scholars, especially those who study the history of the Monroe Doctrine and U.S-Latin American relations, have already argued that the doctrine relates not only to American unilateralism but also to its multilateralism. However, few articles explicitly regard the Monroe Doctrine as the ideational source of both unilateralism and multilateralism and clarify its historic development to the present day, which ultimately created the multilateral framework. In addition, generally speaking, the Monroe Doctrine is still only usually associated with U.S. unilateralism, while the effect of the doctrine on the development of multilateralism has been ignored. For this reason, this article promotes a more rigorous understanding of the role that the Monroe Doctrine has played in creating the two core principles of U.S. behavior.This paper addresses the following issues: (1) President Monroe’s declaration of the original Monroe Doctrine, (2) the Roosevelt Corollary as the transformed Monroe Doctrine for U.S. interventions, (3) the trial of and backlashagainst the multilateralizing of the Monroe Doctrine under the Wilson administration, (4) the multilateralized, Monroe Doctrine from the 1930s’ Good Neighbor policy to the establishment of the United Nations, (5) the Monroe Doctrine during the Cold War, and (6) the effect of the Monroe Doctrine on U.S. interventionism in the post-Cold War era.
著者
松坂 賢 島野 仁
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.142, no.5, pp.473-476, 2022-05-01 (Released:2022-05-01)
参考文献数
9

The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has become an alarming public health concern because of dramatic increases in the incidence of obesity-associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM. Despite significant advances in unraveling the mechanisms underlying these defects, many of the metabolic pathways and regulators involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are not completely understood. This review proposes that manipulating the fatty acid (FA) composition by blocking ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) could protect against insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and obesity-related disorders. Elovl6 is a microsomal enzyme involved in the elongation of C16 saturated and monounsaturated FAs to form C18 FAs. We have reported that mice with Elovl6 deletion are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance or β-cell failure because the cellular FA composition is changed, even with concurrent obesity. Therefore, Elovl6 appears to be a crucial metabolic checkpoint, and limiting the expression or activity of Elovl6 could be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of T2DM.
著者
Kosaku Nishimura Tatsuya Abe
出版者
Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology
雑誌
Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.FSTR-D-22-00145, (Released:2022-12-22)

Connective tissue and fat are often removed from meat during processing. Their removal requires skilled butchery techniques; however, few methods are available for batch processing a large number of meat pieces. In this study, we aimed to develop a pretreatment method that promotes the flow of connective tissue and fat from meat so that they are removed during cooking. When meat samples pre-treated with protease (immersion in papain solution) and quick freezing (with thawing after immersion in liquid nitrogen) were cooked, connective tissue and fat disintegrated; the amount of outflow was significantly higher than when each treatment was applied individually. This combination reduced treatment time and did not severely damage the muscle tissue in the meat. This method has the potential to produce value-added meat products in terms of sensory quality and nutrition.

2 0 0 0 OA 獣皮と死

著者
曽我部 一行
雑誌
常民文化
巻号頁・発行日
no.29, pp.75-92, 2006-03
著者
竹村 洋子 杉山 雅彦
出版者
一般社団法人 日本認知・行動療法学会
雑誌
行動療法研究 (ISSN:09106529)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.73-84, 2003-03-31 (Released:2019-04-06)

通常学級で発達障害児が示すいわゆる問題行動は回避行動としての機能をもち、教師の評価と関連した周囲との相互作用の中で、生起・維持している可能性がある。本研究では、攻撃行動を示す児童を対象に対人回避の低減を標的とした個別指導を行い、個別指導場面での児童の行動変化が、授業場面における児童と教師の行動、児童とのかかわりにおいて生じる問題に対する教師の評価に及ぼす影響について検討した。個別指導場面での児童の行動変化に伴い、授業場面での問題行動が低減し、教師への視線が増加した。教師が児童に接近する行動の生起頻度も増加したがその生起頻度は不安定で、児童の問題行動は再度増加傾向を示した。児童とのかかわりにおいて生じる問題に対する教師の評価については認知的評価尺度影響性因子の得点が増加、コーピング測定尺度各因子の得点が減少し、問題が示された。児童との相互作用における教師の評価と行動の関連について論じられた。