著者

Ken Tanaka Yuki Kimura Koichi Murayama

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.375-385, 2015-03-15 (Released:2015-03-15)

参考文献数

112

被引用文献数

113 5

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The highly enantioselective synthesis of functionalized helicenes and helicene-like molecules have been achieved via rhodium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. The rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 2-naphthol-linked triynes afforded [7]helicene-like molecules in good yields and ee values. The more sterically encumbered reaction, the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective double intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a 2-naphthol-linked hexayne, also proceeded to give a [11]helicene-like molecule with high ee value, although the product yield was low. Not only intramolecular cycloaddition reactions but also intermolecular ones were accomplished by combinations of electron-rich tetraynes and electron-poor diynes to give [7]- and [9]helicene-like molecules and [7]helicenes in varying yields and ee values.

著者

Yoshiki Chujo Kazuo Tanaka

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.633-643, 2015-05-15 (Released:2015-05-15)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

307 11

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The concept and representative examples of “element-block polymers” are described. A structural unit consisting of various groups of elements is called an “element-block.” In this review, unique properties of “element-block polymers” composed of organoboron complexes, o-carboranes, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as typical examples of element blocks are illustrated. The design and synthesis of new element-blocks and development of methods forming higher-order structures for realizing the desired functions based on a bottom-up approach are explained.

著者

Sarah A. Weicker Douglas W. Stephan

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.8, pp.1003-1016, 2015-08-15 (Released:2015-08-15)

参考文献数

107

被引用文献数

103

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The advent of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry almost a decade ago was based on the reactivity of sterically encumbered combinations of electrophilic boranes and phosphines with hydrogen. Since that time the chemistry has broadened dramatically in terms of reactivity and applications. Nonetheless, the majority of the work has continued to exploit the borane B(C6F5)3. In this review, we describe FLP chemistry that has developed by employing alternatives to this Lewis acid. Lewis acids derived from group 13, 14, and 15 based systems are described, thus demonstrating a growing area in the main group reactivity based on FLPs.

著者

Atsushi Wakamiya Shigehiro Yamaguchi

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.10, pp.1357-1377, 2015-10-15 (Released:2015-10-15)

参考文献数

179

被引用文献数

218

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Boron, a group 13 element, has several characteristic structural and electronic features: 1) trivalent boron compounds usually adopt a trigonal planar geometry; 2) due to the presence of a vacant p-orbital, effective orbital interaction with π-conjugated compounds is possible; 3) the presence of a vacant p-orbital is furthermore responsible for high Lewis acidity; 4) the boryl group acts as a π-electron-accepting group particularly in the excited state. The consequent exploitation of these characteristic features of boron in the molecular design enables us to produce sophisticated π-functional materials with attractive photophysical and electronic properties. This account article illustrates our systematic studies on the molecular design and the development of functional π-electron materials using boron as a key element.

著者

Kazuhiko Takai

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.11, pp.1511-1529, 2015-11-15 (Released:2015-11-15)

参考文献数

133

被引用文献数

8

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During the development of new synthetic organic reactions by the use of group 4–7 metals, we twice encountered a reproducibility problem. The key factor was trace amounts of second metal elements that contaminated the first, main metals, i.e., nickel in chromium and lead in zinc. We had determined the standard procedures for these reactions and they were adopted in Organic Syntheses. The difference in the source of zinc, i.e., contamination by a catalytic amount of lead, proved to affect both the reactivity of the Simmons–Smith reaction and the formation of alkylzinc from the corresponding iodides. By using the concept of catalytic effects of the second metals, we developed a method to use manganese metal and applied this to sequential radical and anionic reactions. In addition, allylic aluminum species were prepared smoothly from allylic halides and aluminum by addition of an indium salt, the second element. In this account, I describe how the synthetic methods were discovered and developed, with an emphasis on the stories behind the communications and articles.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.172-173, 1996-03-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

渡邊 慶輝

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.951, pp.895-901, 1967-07-25 (Released:2011-07-13)

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Since 1961 a series of tests for hydraulic mechanization of coal mine has been made by the Coal Mining Research Centre, Japan. And at the first trial in Meiho colliery it was succeeded in constructing a hydraulic model mine in which all mining processes such as getting, loading and tranportation of coal are carried out hydraulically. During the trial many problems to solve were found, but this new method proved of practical use. Thereafter trials were made at 12 coal mines, and several of those mines have adopted this new method commercially. Now 100, 000 tons/month of coal is produced by hydraulic mining in Japan.The productivity of hydraulic coal mining largely depends on the strength of coal. While in SSR the strength of coal is expressed by Protojakonow's index f1, in Japan friability index FD is used generally. And it was found that there is a relation of f1·FD=32. The pressure of water necessary to a hydraulic monitor P is expressed as a function of coal strength in the form P=K 1600/FD. K is a factor of fissures in a coal seam and is 1-1.3.Equipments for hydraulic mining have been much improved during trials. Above all efficiency of a hydraulic monitor has been raised.When hydraulic mining, commonly a monitor requires 2-3 m3/min water of 50-150 kg/cm2. Further tests of mining with higher pressure 200-400 kg/cm2 but smaller quantity of water 60-360 1/min were made. But this is applicable only to very friable coal. Now we are trying to combine the high pressure water jet with usual mining-or boring-machineries for the purpose of increasing their performances.There are two ways of hydraulic transportation. One way is pumping coal through a pump and another way is feeding coal into a pipeline with a coal feeder. Both ways were tested. The higher the lifting head of a pump becomes, the more the rotating part of the pump wears. Consequentry for high head hydraulic transportation a multi-pipe type coal feeder was invented. And the first trials of it was made at Yoshima colliery. The results revealed that it had the tranporting capacity of 100 t/h registering volume concentration 20%. Now the trial is continued at Sunagawa colliery. 256, 000 tons of coal were transported from the begining of last year up to March this year.

著者

山邉 昭則

出版者

一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

雑誌

科学教育研究 (ISSN:03864553)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.196-203, 2014 (Released:2014-09-11)

参考文献数

8

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The use of visual expression in education has expanded significantly since the emergence of printing and photography technologies towards the end of the 19th century. Education and research in the 21st century will not be limited to the now-traditional combination of text and figures. E-books can now incorporate a wide variety of visual content and supplementary web services for printed textbooks are becoming standard. Science education research in particular cannot ignore the increasing academic use of visual content.This article provides a qualitative examination of the visual communication of science (focusing on educational material and research publications) in foreign institutions that have experimented with these new forms of education earlier than Japan. It shows that examples of visual communication can be grouped into organization-driven and researcher-driven types. The former brings the benefit of organization-wide visual unification, while the latter ensures that the researcher brings his/her professional expertise to the project. With increasing expectations for visual communication in education and research both in Japan and overseas, including the spread of Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), there is a need of further consideration of institutional understanding of and support for visual communication in science.

著者

橋本 学 藤原 孝紀 鈴木 正昭 奥田 洋司 伊勢 淳治 塩谷 政典

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.9, pp.1770-1778, 2013-09-01 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

13

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In this study, we propose an agent model based on SECI model by Nonaka for simulating knowledge propagation in organizations. In this model, complexity of knowledge is expressed as bit-tag, and worker-agent and knowledge manager agent are introduced. Some parametric studies is performed for bit-tag length, internalization rates and communication pattern of worker-agent, and evaluate acquirement of knowledge to verify the present simulation model. Furthermore, scenario simulation is implemented with respect to employment periods of worker-agent and the effectiveness of multi-agent model is shown from qualitative evaluation of knowledge variation corresponding to joining and leaving organization.

著者

福岡 秀興

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.44-44, 2008-02-01 (Released:2008-08-06)

著者

相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.6, pp.366-372, 1988-02-29 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 2 1

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Greenberg (1980) proposed that the magnitude of indebtedness (I) was a function of the recipient's benefits (B) from the aid attempt plus the donor's costs (C). This relationship is expressed by the equation I=x1B+x2C, x1>x2, where x1 and x2 are empirically determined weights. The present study examined the validity of this equation. The subjects, 272 university students, were asked to place themselves in the role of a hypothetical student confronted with each of 32 different situations in which the student needed some aid from others, and to answer a series of questions regarding their reactions. A multiple regression analysis validated the equation in 23 out of the 32 situations. In situations in which the outcome of the aid attempt was successful with low cost for the donor, there was a tendency for the subjects to estimate x1 to be smaller than x2(x1<x2).

著者

Kanji MIYABE Ryohei TAKAHASHI Youki SHIMAZAKI

出版者

(社)日本分析化学会

雑誌

Analytical Sciences (ISSN:09106340)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.10, pp.1019-1025, 2015-10-10 (Released:2015-10-10)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3 18

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We developed moment analysis of affinity kinetics by chromatographic capillary electrophoresis (MKCCE) method for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions. Association and dissociation rate constants of the interaction in a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) system between thymol and sodium dodecylsulfate micelle were determined by the MKCCE method. It is a method based on the moment theory for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions under the conditions that neither immobilization nor chemical modification of molecules is required. In CCE mode, experimental conditions are controlled so that the migration of solute-micelle complex is stopped and only solute molecules migrate in a capillary. Mass transfer behavior of solute molecules in the CCE system is analogous to that in a chromatographic system. However, because it was difficult in practice to really perform CE experiments under the CCE conditions, CE data were measured with changing experimental conditions, i.e., applied pressure, under the conditions that the migration velocity of solute-micelle complex was around zero. The rate constants could be analytically determined from the CE data. In the MKCCE method, it is not necessary to fit elution curves numerically calculated to those experimentally measured for the determination of the rate constants. Regarding the interaction between thymol and SDS micelles, association equilibrium constant and association and dissociation rate constants were determined as 6.35 × 103 dm3 mol−1, 5.6 × 104 dm3 mol−1 s−1, and 8.7 s−1, respectively. It was demonstrated that the MKCCE method was effective for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions.

著者

Kanji Miyabe Youki Shimazaki

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20150203, (Released:2015-08-25)

被引用文献数

12

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We developed a capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions. Neither immobilization nor chemical modification, e.g., fluorescence labelling, of solute and ligand molecules is required. A concept of chromatographic capillary electrophoresis (CCE) was introduced as an experimental CE procedure. In the CCE mode, the migration of solute-ligand complex in a capillary is stopped. Only solute molecule migrates and is detected. New moment equations were developed, which were essential for determining association and dissociation rate constants from elution peak profiles measured under the CCE conditions. The combination of the CCE concept and the moment theory leads to the CE method, i.e., moment analysis by CCE (MACCE). However, because it was hard to really perform CE experiments under the CCE conditions, we also developed practical experimental and data analysis procedures for the MACCE measurement. The reaction rate constants were analytically determined by the MACCE method for the formation and dissociation of the inclusion complex between thymol and sulfated-β-cyclodextrin. It is unnecessary to fit elution curves numerically calculated to those experimentally measured for determining the rate constants. It was demonstrated that the MACCE method was effective for the kinetic study of intermolecular interactions.

著者

伏田 幸平 長野 祐一郎

出版者

日本生理心理学会

雑誌

生理心理学と精神生理学 (ISSN:02892405)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1502oa, (Released:2015-11-19)

参考文献数

50

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競争は心臓血管反応を増大させることが知られている。これまで,競争相手の性質,勝敗の結果,精神活動などの効果が検討されてきた。しかし,競争環境の効果が生理活動に与える影響に関しては,まだよく知られていない。本研究では競争型コンピュータ・ゲームを用い,競争環境が生理反応に与える影響を検討した。20名の大学生が,対面競争 (FF) 条件とネットワーク (NW) 競争条件の両競争条件に参加した。各条件は,4分の安静,3分の課題,3分の回復期間で構成されていた。心拍数 (HR)・指尖容積脈波 (PV)・皮膚コンダクタンス (SC) が測定された。安静期のPVは対面競争条件の方が低い値を示し,これは競争相手の非言語情報により生じた緊張感が末梢組織の血管収縮を強めた結果であると考えられた。さらに,回復期のSCは対面競争条件の方が高い値を示し,これは競争相手の非言語情報の効果を反映していると考えられた。これらの結果から,競争環境は生理活動を左右する重要な要因の1つであると言える。

著者

Jeong Hoon Yang Bum Sung Kim Woo Jin Jang Joonghyun Ahn Taek Kyu Park Young Bin Song Joo-Yong Hahn Jin-Ho Choi Sang Hoon Lee Hyeon-Cheol Gwon Seung-Hyuk Choi

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0673, (Released:2015-11-19)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

32

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Background:Limited data are available on the long-term clinical outcomes of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients who receive optimal medical therapy (OMT) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and Results:Between March 2003 and February 2012, 2,024 patients with CTO were enrolled in a single-center registry. Among this patient group, we excluded CTO patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and classified patients into the OMT group (n=664) or PCI group (n=883) according to initial treatment strategy. Propensity-score matching was also performed. The primary outcome was cardiac death. The median follow-up duration was 45.8 (interquartile range: 22.8–71.1) months. In the PCI group, 699 patients (79.2%) underwent successful revascularization. In the propensity-score matched population (533 pairs), there was no significant difference in the rate of cardiac death between the OMT and PCI groups (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–2.72, P=0.11). In the subgroup analysis, there were no significant interactions between the PCI strategy and cardiac death among several subgroups except that regarding collateral flow grades 0–2 vs. those with grade 3 (P=0.01).Conclusions:As an initial treatment strategy, PCI did not reduce cardiac death compared with OMT for the treatment of CTO in the drug-eluting stent era.

著者

清宮 政宏

出版者

日本商業学会

雑誌

流通研究 (ISSN:13459015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.91-112, 2004 (Released:2011-05-20)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 2

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従来、成果主義ベース管理 (またはアウトプット管理) と行動主義ベース管理 (またはプロセス管理) の対比で研究がなされてきた営業管理様式であるが、行動主義ベース管理の優位点や必要性が提起されてきながら、営業管理においてそれを採用することによる効果や成果との因果関係についてはあいまいなものであった。今回の研究では、この営業管理様式と営業成果の因果関係を詳細に分析するため、営業管理様式を構成するものを、6つの管理方式に分け (アウトプット管理、リレーション管理、プロセス管理、行動量管理、管理方式のレビュー・修正、報奨) 、また営業成果も3つに分けて (営業員への効果、顧客における効果、企業での成果) 、これらの管理方式とそれぞれの営業成果との因果関係の検証をこころみた。その結果、アウトプット管理と報奨は、弱いながらも直接的に企業への成果に寄与するのに対し、リレーション管理、プロセス管理、管理方式のレビュー・修正は、営業員への効果、顧客における効果に強く直接的に寄与し、結果的に企業での成果を高めることが確認された。

著者

伊藤 哲司 能智 正博 岡本 依子 田中 共子 村本 由紀子 箕浦 康子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.16-18, 2007-03-30 (Released:2012-12-11)

著者

能智 正博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学年報 (ISSN:04529650)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.130-138, 2003-03-30 (Released:2012-12-11)

参考文献数

39

著者

猪谷 富雄 藤田 琢也 玉置 雅彦 黒柳 正典 藤井 義晴

出版者

日本雑草学会

雑誌

雑草研究 (ISSN:0372798X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.316-323, 1999-12-28 (Released:2009-12-17)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2 2

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タデ科, カタバミ科, アカザ科, シュウカイドウ科, バショウ科の体内に比較的高濃度のシュウ酸塩を含むことが知られている植物種 (以後, 本論文ではシュウ酸植物と記す) 計53種を供試し, それらの乾燥葉から滲出する物質のレタス初期生育に対するアレロパシー活性をサンドイッチ (SW) 法によって検定した。SW法では供試植物乾燥葉を0.5%寒天中に包埋後, 検定植物の種子をその上に播種し,20℃で3日後の幼根長と下胚軸長を測定し, その伸長程度 (対照区比) によって供試植物のアレロパシー活性を評価した。その結果, ショウ酸植物にはアレロパシー活性に関して大きな種間差異がみられ, 特にカタバミ科とシュウカイドウ科 Begonia 属において最も活性が強く, ほとんどの種で乾燥葉からの滲出物がレタスの幼根伸長を90%以上抑制した。次に, アレロパシー検定に供試したシュウ酸植物のうち18種の総シュウ酸含量 (水溶性および不溶性を含む) を測定し, 上記SW法における幼根長の対照区比との関係を検討した。その結果, シュウ酸植物の総シュウ酸含量には大きな種間差異が存在し, かつほとんどの植物種については総シュウ酸含量とそのレタスの幼根伸長の対照区比との間には有意な負の相関が認められた。従ってシュウ酸植物の示すアレロパシー活性の一因は体内のシュウ酸であることが示唆された。一方, 数種のシュウ酸植物については上記の相関関係から逸脱するものも存在したので, これら植物のアレコパシー活性には, 植物体中の総シュウ酸の化学的形態の違いや他の抑制物質が関与している可能性が推察された。

著者

Stefanie Haberger Michael Hauser Siegmund L. Braun Tibor Schuster Peter Ewert Nicole Nagdyman John Hess Harald Kaemmerer

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0348, (Released:2015-09-16)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

17

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Background:B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an established marker for heart failure assessment, but the prognostic quality of BNP after atrial switch operation (ASO) has not yet been elucidated.Methods and Results:In 89 patients (median age, 24 years; range, 15–35 years) after ASO, BNP was measured. During a 48-months follow-up we focused on critical cardiac events, defined as decompensation, sudden cardiac death or need for heart transplantation. BNP was considerably lower in 81 patients in functional class (FC) I/II (median, 35 pg/ml; range, 3–586 pg/ml) than in 6 patients in FC III/IV (median, 246 pg/ml; range, 14–1,150 pg/ml, P≤0.073). BNP was significantly higher after Mustard than after Senning procedure (P≤0.030). There was no significant difference in BNP between simple or complex transposition of the great arteries (TGA) (P≤0.44). Eleven subjects (13%, 95% CI: 7–22%) had a critical cardiac event within 48 months. On ROC analysis BNP had a high predictive value regarding discrimination of patients with and without critical events (area under the ROC curve, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.76 to >0.99, P<0.001). The cut-off was 85 pg/ml (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 85%). Additionally, estimated event-free-survival was longer after Senning than after Mustard procedure (P≤0.017). There was no significant difference in outcome between patients with simple or complex TGA with regard to occurrence of critical events.Conclusions:BNP is a sensitive and specific prognostic marker for critical cardiac events after ASO.