著者

松田 陽介 清水 瞳子 森 万菜実 伊藤 進一郎

出版者

日本菌学会

雑誌

日本菌学会大会講演要旨集 日本菌学会第53回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.32, 2009 (Released:2009-10-30)

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イチヤクソウ属植物は根に菌との共生体であるアーブトイド菌根を形成し,自らの光合成生産物に加え,根系に定着する菌根菌を通じて周囲の樹木から光合成産物を獲得すると示唆されている.イチヤクソウは日本の様々な森林生態系の林床に生育する常緑多年生草本であるが,上記のような栄養獲得様式に関する知見はない.そこで本研究では,イチヤクソウの栄養獲得様式を明らかにするための端緒として,異なる光環境下で生育する個体の菌根形成とその形成率の季節変化,定着する菌類を調べた.調査は,三重県津市のコナラ・クヌギ二次林で行った.2007年1月から11月にかけて,合計6回,イチヤクソウ3個体ずつを明所,暗所から採取した.採取個体の光環境は,各個体と林外の被陰されない場所における照度の比較にもとづき相対照度として算出した.各個体の根系は,基部,中央部,先端部の3つの部位に大別し,各部位から10~30枚の切片を作成してから,光学顕微鏡観察を行った.根の表皮細胞に貫入する菌根菌菌糸の侵入形態にもとづき6タイプ(コイル初期,コイル,分解初期,分解,コイルなし,デンプン)に大別し,その割合を測定した.上記調査のために採取した個体,さらにDNA解析用に採取した個体の菌根からDNA抽出をしてからITS領域のシークエンス解析を行った.得られたDNA塩基配列はBlast解析を行った.採取した全ての根で菌糸コイルが確認されたことから,イチヤクソウにおいてアーブトイド菌根の形成を明示した.明所,暗所における菌糸コイルの形成率は,それぞれ16.8%から46.2%,14.1%から58.1%と季節によって異なり,上層木により林冠が被覆される5月,7月の夏期において高くなる傾向を示した.菌糸コイルの形成割合は根の部位により異なり,根の先端部から基部にかけて減少する傾向にあった.根に定着する菌種として,現在までに,主としてベニタケ科が推定されている.以上より,イチヤクソウは林床の光環境が悪くなる条件下で菌根形成を,特に根の先端部で高頻度に行なうと考えられた.さらに,イチヤクソウに定着する菌根菌種はいずれも外生菌根菌種と分類学的に同一であるため,上層木のコナラ,クヌギに外生菌根を形成する菌と菌糸を介して繋がっている可能性がある.

著者

Yuka Takatori Keiichi Shimizu Jun Ogata Hiroki Endo Kanji Ishimaru Shigehisa Okamoto Fumio Hashimoto

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-029, (Released:2015-03-07)

被引用文献数

3 8

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A full-length cDNA of a putative flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) gene encoding a key enzyme in the production of cyanidin was cloned from a lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) petal. Lisianthus F3'H (EgF3'H) shares 75.1, 73.8, and 68.2% amino acid identity with Arabidopsis thaliana, Ipomoea nil, and Petunia hybrida, respectively. RT-PCR revealed that wild-type lisianthus flowers accumulated higher levels of F3'H mRNA during the early stages of development than in the late stages. The accumulated F3'H transcript levels in leaves were similar to those in flowers in the early stages of development. Overexpression of lisianthus F3'H cDNA altered flower color from red to blue in the I. nil cultivar ‘Violet’, which lacks a functional F3'H gene. In addition, the transgenic ‘Violet’ plants accumulated cyanidin and peonidin at similar levels to wild-type I. nil. Taking these findings together, this study demonstrates that EgF3'H functions as a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase with a role in the synthesis of cyanidin and peonidin pigments.

著者

Saeko Yanaka Takamasa Ueno Kouhei Tsumoto Kenji Sugase

出版者

The Biophysical Society of Japan

雑誌

BIOPHYSICS (ISSN:13492942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.103-106, 2015 (Released:2015-04-18)

参考文献数

7

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Structural fluctuation on microsecond to millisecond time scales has been reported to play an important role in proteins that undergo significant structural change during their expression of function. In these proteins, the structural change was obvious in the crystal structures. However, protein motions in solution could contribute to the function of proteins, even if no significant structural difference is observed in crystal structure of different states while they function. In this review, we introduce our recent report on the stabilization mechanism of human leukocyte antigen, and the possibility of fluctuation contributing to several biophysical properties of proteins.

著者

Masayuki Nishiguchi

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

Acoustical Science and Technology (ISSN:13463969)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.43-49, 2006 (Released:2006-01-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

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Harmonic coding is a very powerful technique for the coding of speech at very low bit rates; and the efficient coding of spectral magnitudes sampled at harmonic frequencies is the key to obtaining good coded-speech quality. This paper presents a weighted vector quantization method for spectral vectors composed of a variable number of harmonic magnitudes. It is based on simple, efficient linear dimension conversion and employs a weighted distortion measure that exploits the human auditory sense. A codebook training algorithm using the weighting matrix is also presented. Finally, a low-complexity VQ codebook search technique based on pre-selection is described that reduces the computational complexity to less than 10% of that of an exhaustive search, without perceptible loss of quality. The proposed quantization scheme is used in Harmonic Vector eXcitation Coding (HVXC), which is a very low-bit-rate speech coding algorithm that combines harmonic and stochastic vector representations of LPC residual signals. Due to the high efficiency of this VQ scheme, HVXC provides good communication-quality speech at bit rates as low as 2–4 kbit/s, and was adopted as the ISO/IEC International Standard for MPEG-4 Audio.

著者

韓 太舜 小林 欣吾

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会 基礎・境界ソサイエティ Fundamentals Review (ISSN:18820875)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.229-243, 2015-04-01 (Released:2015-04-01)

参考文献数

45

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マルチユーザ通信路符号化問題,なかんずく,干渉通信路の符号化問題は,その重要な基本的特質のゆえに近年多くの通信理論研究者が多大の関心を持って精力的に研究に取り組んでいる.特に,問題の本質的な性格を把握するために,2 組の送信者・受信者の場合がよく研究されてきた.韓と小林によって1981 年に提示された一般の干渉通信路に対する達成可能な領域,すなわち,HK 領域の表現は現在に至るまで最良であり続けてきた.本稿では,HK 領域の解説を中心に据えて,その領域の表現を簡略化する研究や,既に容量域の決定されている干渉通信路の部分クラスに関する解説を与える.また,Han-Kobayashi スキームのごく簡単な適用でも,ガウス干渉通信路の容量域に対してSNR(SN 比, 信号対雑音比)とINR(干渉対雑音比)を大きくした漸近的な状況では最適であることを示したEtkin, Tse, Wang による研究を解説する.更に,その出現以来35 年後の今年になって,Han-Kobayashi 領域をしのぐ伝送レート対の存在することがNairらによって明らかにされてHan-Kobayashi 領域の最適性が否定されたという話題にも触れ,干渉通信路研究に新しい転機が訪れたことを伝える.

著者

園田 桂一

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.461-461, 1984 (Released:2012-09-28)

著者

岡田 昌浩 小林 泰輔 中村 光士郎

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.102, no.3, pp.219-223, 2009 (Released:2010-12-03)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

9 10

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Hemorrhage following tonsillectomy is still a major complication despite the development of new hot knives. In this study, a retrospective review of 242 adult patients who underwent tonsillectomy in the Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime Prefectual Central Hospital between January 2000 and March 2007 was conducted. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurring in 56 patients (23.1%); four of these patients experienced hemorrhage during the first 24 hours postoperatively, and the remaining 52 had delayed bleeding. Nine of 56 patients (3.7%) required a procedure to control their bleeding under general anesthesia. The hemorrhage rate in males was significantly higher than in females. There was no statistically significant difference in hemorrhage rates based on age, body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery and smoking. Patients who received antibiotics postoperatively experienced less secondary hemorrhage than those without antibiotics. In 99 patients who were administered antibiotics, patients who used cephalosporins experienced less secondary hemorrhage than those who received penicillins. These results indicate that antibiotics after tonsillectomy are effective to reduce post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage rates.

著者

小林 丈二 佐伯 忠彦 竹田 一彦 上甲 英生

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.11, pp.1365-1369, 1996-11-01 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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The authors investigated the clinical course of 49 patients with peritonsillar abscesses treated at Uwajima City Hospital between January 1983 and December 1995. The cohort consisted of 36 males and 13 females, aged 15 to 68 (mean age, 37.2 years old). Along with administration of antibiotics, removal of the abscess was performed by needle aspiration in 25 cases, and incision for drainage in 24 cases, respectively. There were no statistical differences in clinical stage and course between the group under 40 years old and the group over 40 years old. There was also no difference between the group treated with needle aspiration and the group treated with incision, except for the length of hospital stay healing time. Interval tonsillectomy was carried out in 10 cases. Recurrence of the peritonsillar abscess occurred in only one case. Therefore, we recommend needle aspiration as the first choice for treatment of peritonsillar abscesses. In cases of peritonsillar abscess with no past history of habitual angina, tonsillectomy is not indicated because recurrence of peritonsillar abscesses is rare.

著者

Mieczyslaw Pokorski Monika Bialkowska

出版者

高社研

雑誌

バイオフィリア (ISSN:21868433)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2014, no.1, pp.13-16, 2014-09-05 (Released:2015-02-24)

参考文献数

12

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Abstract Parkinson’s disease is underlined by insufficient neuronal dopamine (DA) content. DA is influential for breathing, particularly for hypoxic ventilatory responses, at both central and peripheral carotid body level. There are reasons to believe that breathing might be impaired in PD. We tested this hypothesis in the rat reserpine model of parkinsonism. Ventilation and its responses were recorded in a plethysmograph in conscious rats before and after the induction of parkinsonic symptoms. The findings are that the ventilatory hypoxic responses were substantially reduced in parkinsonism. The likely mechanism of reduced ventilation seems the missing stimulatory element of central DA. The study suggests that breathing rehabilitative exercise, possibly combined with home oxygen therapy, might be a potential countermeasure for deteriorating bodily and cognitive symptoms in parkinsonism.

著者

Manfred Anke Wolfram Dorn Mario Müller Mathias Seifert

出版者

日本微量元素学会

雑誌

Biomedical Research on Trace Elements (ISSN:0916717X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.198-202, 2005 (Released:2006-04-20)

参考文献数

19

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Cadmium-poor nutrition (< 15 μg Cd/kg feed dry matter (DM)) did not affect feed intake and growth rate, while it affected reproduction performance. Intrauterinally cadmium-depleted kids were often phlegmatic, too lazy to eat and drink, and died of muscle weakness. With oral application of the control feed (300 μg Cd/kg DM), they slowly regained their mobility. Feeding them 65 μg Cd/kg feed DM prevented myasthenia. The normative cadmium requirement of goats (and animals in general) amounts to < 20 μg/kg diet DM. The daily requirement of humans might be < 3 μg.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本油化学会

雑誌

油化学 (ISSN:18842003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.262-266, 1968-04-20 (Released:2009-10-20)

参考文献数

19

著者

坂東 靜 浅野 裕俊 野澤 昭雄

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.5, pp.520-525, 2015-05-01 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 3

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A digital book has become popular along with the popularization of electronic medium. It is needed that assessment of not only subjective assessment about readability or usability, but also objective assessment of psychosomatic health impact. The objective of this study is an objective assessment of physiological and psychological effects of reading books using electronic or paper medium. This paper focused on hemodynamic parameters. The measurement item was VAS and POMS as a psychological index and hemodynamics parameters as a physiological index. As a result, low vigorous and unreadable were significantly recognized (p<0.05) in reading a book using an electronic medium comparing with a paper medium. Cardiovascular system became active coping because of sympathetic hyperactivity in the hemodynamic reaction. By contrast, using an electronic medium did not fit into stress coping. It was also found that parasympathetic nervous system enhanced with illegibility of the sentence and fatigue by usinig an electronic medium. For all of these results, it became identified a difference in a way to manage in physiologically with reading a book using an electronic and paper medium.

著者

隈 正雄

出版者

日本生産管理学会

雑誌

生産管理 (ISSN:1341528X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.37-42, 2002-07-10 (Released:2011-11-14)

参考文献数

5

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本論は, ERPと簡易なレベルの異なる2つのパッケージソフトの機能を比較して, システムの機能レベルの差異を分析したものである。そして, この差異をビジネスプロセスとの関連で考察し, システムのシンプル化への留意点を提言するものである。

著者

小川 昭利

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.407-419, 2014-09-01 (Released:2015-05-12)

参考文献数

90

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The aim of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of perception is to unravel the neural basis of the computational processing of the targeted perception. A standard fMRI study of perception generally uses simple stimuli, such as geometrical graphics in vision and pure tones in audition, and measures brain responses to such artificial stimuli, which are generated carefully. The target brain activity of percep-tual processing has been investigated using a contrast between stimulus conditions, to cancel out other processes. In contrast, the brain’s response to naturalistic stimuli is considered not to be a combination of responses to simple stimuli. The uncontrolled per-ceptual processes that are evoked in parallel hamper the analysis of the data in a simple factorial manner. In this article, I briefly reviewed fMRI studies that used naturalis-tic stimuli (e.g., photos and movies) and introduced nonstandard analytical methods. One was the computational model-based analysis of a hypothesis-driven study, and the other was the intersubject correlation of data-driven research. A model-based fMRI study can directly predict the brain responses to the processing of dynamic perception (e.g., motion perception in the middle temporal area). Intersubject correlation can be used to evaluate the reliability of fMRI signals in response to naturalistic stimuli. In addition, I introduced a decoding technique using pattern recognition, which has been used widely not only in the engineering but also in the neuroscience fields. Although the number of studies using naturalistic stimuli and novel analytical methods has in-creased, the standard fMRI study using simple stimuli and analysis remains the most effective approach to identify the neural bases of perception. I expect that these stan-dard and novel fMRI studies will contribute complementarily to the elucidation of the brain processes for naturalistic stimuli.

著者

田中 利雄 岡崎 直人 五味 勝也 今野 宏 井出 光彦

出版者

公益財団法人 日本醸造協会

雑誌

日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.4, pp.274-278, 1984-04-15 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

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清酒中のアミノ酸量を減少させる目的で, 低ACPase生産性麹菌の造成を紫外線照射により試みた。ACPase力価の低い菌が蒸米上での発芽が遅れることに着目し, スクリーニングした結果, 2株の低ACPase生産性変異株を分離した。このうち333-A株は蒸米上での生育も胞子着生能も悪く実用的でなかったが, 333-B株は生育も胞子着生能も良好であった。333-B株を使用した製麹では状貌が遅れ気味であったが, 製麹時間を48時間とし, 対照の市販種麹を使用した麹に比べ, ACPaseは著しく低いが, GAaseは高いという目的にかなう麹が得られた。また変異株の麹によるもろみは, 順調に発酵し, もろみ中のアミノ酸は, 対照もろみの1/2の量で推移した。生成酒はアミノ酸が少なくきれいな軽いタイプの酒質であり, 変異株の特徴が生かされたものと考えられた。

著者

仁保 正次 濱谷 松夫

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.212-221_3, 1943-04-20 (Released:2011-10-14)

参考文献数

29

著者

小田巻 滋

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.41-55, 1998-06-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

29

著者

宇津 徳治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.54-56, 1967-06-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

2

著者

宇津 徳治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.41-53, 1969-05-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

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Arrival times of P and S waves at Japanese stations from 33 intermediate and deep earthquakes in and near Japan are plotted in the form of S-P vs. P plots. Most of the plotted points for each earthquake (except one which occurred in Kyushu) fit a straight line with a slope of about 0.77. This means that the velocity ratio of P to S waves is about 1.77 and Poisson's ratio is about 0.265 for the portion of the upper mantle concerned. It should be emphasized that the ratio does not differ significantly between the two distinctive portions of the upper mantle, i. e., the inclined deep seismic layer of high-Q and high-V and the overlying wedge-shaped region of low-Q and low-V. For certain deep earthquakes, plotted points in ranges of larger S-P deviate systematically from the straight lines fitted to points in ranges of smaller S-P. From this deviation it is suggested that a portion of the upper mantle under the deep seismic layer has a comparatively large Poisson's ratio.

著者

中澤 渉

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.23-40, 2012 (Released:2013-03-18)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

5

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本稿では,日本ではまだ利用例の少ないパネル・データ分析が,社会学においてなぜ重要なのかが説明される.回顧法の調査でも時系列データをつくることはできるが,曖昧な記憶による不確実な回答で信頼性が低下したり,サンプルの選択バイアスが生じるという問題がある.特に社会科学の重要な課題である因果関係の解明には,時間の経過に伴う変化の情報が不可欠であり,パネル・データでなければ精度の高い分析はできない.さらに通常の最小二乗法では,観察できない異質性と独立変数との相関の存在から,不偏推定量を求めることができない可能性があるが,計量経済学的固定効果推定により因果効果の純粋な取り出しが可能になる.さらにマルチレベル分析の集団平均センタリングを応用したハイブリッド・モデルの紹介を行い,個人間と個人内の変動を同時に推定できることを示す.最後にパネル・データ分析を行う上での今後の課題をまとめる.