著者
山口 和孝
出版者
国際基督教大学
雑誌
教育研究 国際基督教大学学報 1-A 国際基督教大学学報 01 A (ISSN:04523318)
巻号頁・発行日
no.22, pp.p41-69, 1979-03

The separation of religion and politics as a fundamental human right in modern civil society was developed through many difficulties and struggles between the church and the state. These struggles resulted in the transfer of the right to administrate education from the church to the state and the establishment of a theory of "secularization" of public education. The latter theory stated that the freedom of religion of taxpayers and of pupils. receiving education should not be violated by the state which offers that education. Freedom of religion also ensured the right to have religious education at private schools. The Meiji Restoration though was begun based on the idea of the unity of the church and the state, seeking to make Shintoism the religion of the state. As the result, the government both emphasized the fostering of traditional patriotism (nationalism) and loyalty to the state along with an arrangement of national education based on a modern educational system. In order to accomplish this, religious and moral education played a large part of the role. Under these circumstances then, though secularization of public education in Japan was advanced, it entailed a deep internal contradiction. The Meiji government set up a policy that ensured neutrality of education on the principle of the separation of religion and politics. But they gave the same position to State Shintoism as a state religion and put the Emperor at the apex who was sacred and inviolate. People were thus forced to worship the Emperor and his family. The Imperial Constitution confined freedom of religion within the range of the Emperor system. All religions except for State Shintoism were subordinate to it. Religious ceremonies of State Shintoism were introduced into school education from the 1890's by means of the Imperial Rescript on Education so that religions except for State Shintoism were completely removed from schools. Order No. 12, issued in 1899 by the Ministry of Education, prescribed the exclusion of all religious education and religious ceremonies from schools, even from private schools. The Order superficially provided for strict separation of religion and politics, but its chief purpose was to omit religions other than State Shintoism from all school education. The rapid growth of capitalism and class struggles in Japan though, made it difficult for cultural and moral ideas alone to maintain national unity. In addition, there was the problem that many students and teachers believed in Socialism. With the outbreak of the "Manchurian Incident" which marked the beginning of the subsequent Japanese aggression, the government presented a policy to foster religious sentiment in order to counter Marxism. It was at this time that the Ministory of Eucation issued a notice in the name of the Vice-Minister of Education concerning "Cultivation of Religious Sentiment" in 1935, which was an arbitrary interpretation of Order No. 12. The government, in the notice, encouraged "religious sentiment" education in public schools. The "religious sentiment" was prescribed as "something religious" or "religiosity" that should not incline toward a particular religion or denomination. Many theories were written to ensure justification of the notice. However, since there was no such entity as religion in general, this gave rise to confusion in the classrooms. Consequently, education preaching loyalty to the Emperor was introduced in the form of non-sectarian "religious sentiment" prescribed by the Ministry of Education.
著者
志水 宏吉
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, pp.5-30, 1993

This paper focuses on the recent developments in the "new" sociology of education in the UK and Japan in order to clarify the dynamics of relationship between "theory" and "reality." The "new" sociology of education, an academic movement which originated in the UK in the early 1970s, was once said to bring about a paradigm shift in the sociology of education. Drastic changes in the British educational system have resulted in a fundamental transformation of research conditions. As a result, ironically, we can see interesting develoments in the "new" sociology of education. The "new" sociology of education was immediately imported into Japan. However, its application to the Japanese educational context has not been successful so far. "Visionary theorism" and "Parrlassian empiricism" in the Japanese sociology of education have prevented the successful development of the "new" sociology of education in Japan. Ethnography, an essential component of the "new" sociology of education with a relatively long tradition in the UK, can be the primary means of fulfilling the promises of the "new" sociology of education in Japan and revitalizing the interaction between "theory" and "reality." "Reflexive realism" should play a vital role in this research program.
著者
永吉 雅夫
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.18-28, 2002-01-10

幕末維新期、崇徳院をめぐる言説は、その政治的状況の中でにわかに問題化する。江戸と明治を区切る行事としての睦仁親王の即位と「明治」改元は、讃岐からの崇徳院神霊の京都遷還事業と密接にリンクしている。その政治的意味の内実を、秋成「白峯」と篤胤「玉欅総論追加」との差異をつうじて、あとづける。
著者
加藤 紫苑
出版者
京都大学文学研究科西洋近世哲学史研究室
雑誌
Prolegomena : 西洋近世哲学史研究室紀要 (ISSN:21858098)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.1-12, 2015-12-15

Where is the historical origin of anti -Kantianism in the aesthetics of German idealism? Frederick C. Beiser's recent book, Diotima's Children: German Aesthetic Rationalism from Leibniz to Lessing, doesn't treat this subject directly, but provides many profound insights into it. In this paper the author gives a summary of the book first, then explains some of those insights.
著者
岡田 裕美 渡辺 賢治 鈴木 幸男 鈴木 邦彦 伊藤 剛 村主 明彦 倉持 茂 土本 寛二 石野 尚吾 花輪 壽彦
出版者
社団法人日本東洋医学会
雑誌
日本東洋醫學雜誌 (ISSN:02874857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.1, pp.57-65, 1999-07-20
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
5 4

症例は60歳男性で平成9年6月3日腹部不快感を主訴に北里研究所東洋医学総合研究所を受診した。半夏瀉心湯の投与により腹部症状は軽減したが, 半夏瀉心湯の服用は6月より8月まで継続した。同年8月3日より悪寒, 発熱, 倦怠感が出現した。肝機能障害を指摘されたため, 半夏瀉心湯を中止し小柴胡湯を投与した。14日当院漢方科入院となり, 抗生剤, 強力ミノファーゲンCにて経過観察した。入院時の胸部レントゲンにて左上肺野にスリガラス状陰影を認めたため, 小柴胡湯を中止した。肝機能障害は改善したが, 呼吸困難が顕著となり, 捻髪音を聴取するようになった。胸部レントゲン, 胸部CTにて間質性変化を確認し, 9月5日よりPSLの投与を開始した。経過は良好で症状, 画像所見, 検査所見とも改善を認めた。DLSTは小柴胡湯, 柴胡, 黄苓で陽性だった。当初小柴胡湯による間質性肺炎を疑ったが, 小柴胡湯投与前の他院での胸部レントゲン写真でも左上肺野のスリガラス上陰影を認めたため, 本例は半夏瀉心湯が主でさらに小柴胡湯の投与により薬剤性の肝障害ならびに間質性肺炎を発症したものと考えられた。
著者
二瓶 浩明
出版者
愛知県立芸術大学
雑誌
愛知県立芸術大学紀要 (ISSN:03898369)
巻号頁・発行日
no.35, pp.53-70, 2005

これは日本現代の私小説家である佐伯一麦の2005年9月までの年譜である。彼は1959年に宮城県仙台市に生まれ、第3回「海燕」新人文芸賞、第12回野間文芸新人賞、第4回三島由紀夫賞、第1回木山捷平文学賞、第31回大佛次郎賞を受賞している。本年譜はこの作家の現在までの文学的事績を記した初めてのものである。
著者
石田 栄美 宮田 洋輔 神門 典子 上田 修一
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告デジタルドキュメント(DD)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2006, no.33, pp.85-92, 2006-03-22

書名だけでなく目次や帯情報を用いて,図書を日本十進分類法の分類カテゴリに自動分類する実験を行った。分類手法には,相対出現率と相互情報量にもとづく重み付けとSupport Vector Machine(SVM)による手法を用いた。「BOOK」データベースとNII-CATデータを統合した24 000件を用いて学習させたところ,重み付けに相対出現率と相互情報量を用いた場合は,書名に加えて目次と帯情報を用いた場合の効果が認められた。また,機械学習手法よりも,統計的手法のほうが有効であった。分類カテゴリの分野ごとの再現率を調べたところ,分野によって再現率に大きな差があった。さらに,帯情報などが有効な分野もあり,書名,目次,帯を用いた効果が分野ごとに異なることが明らかになった。In this paper, we describe methods of classifying Japan MARC records to class number of Nippon Decimal Classification. We compare the performance of three categorization method, based on mutual information(MI), relative frequency and SVM. In each method, training data are title and table of contents and blurb on the flap in Japan MARC records. The experimental results show that the best performance is MI using title and table of contents and OBI, but other methods are not. In failure analysis, we found the performance depends on subject of class number.
著者
加藤 絹秀
出版者
公益社団法人日本船舶海洋工学会
雑誌
造船協會會報 (ISSN:05148499)
巻号頁・発行日
no.60, pp.73-117, 1937-06

The auther briefly touches, in the first place, on the signifieation of "Air Conditioning, " its origin and development ; and describes on air conditions v.a.v, human susceptibility. Then he generally exp'ains the methods of conditioning the air, now usually employed ; and tries a short survey on the present state of air conditioning of communication means such as railway wagons, tram cars on land, and vessels on water. He, finally, enters into the explanation of the design, lay-out and the results of provisional testa of the air conditioning equipments on board the two ships above named, which are not only the pioneer ships in Japan furnished with these equipments, but also the foremost vessels in the world in which the equipments are most extensively employed, viz.all public rooms and all cabins in the quarters for all classes of passengers have been completely air conditioned throughout.