著者

成本 仁 唐井 一成 三宅 真理子 日隈 慎一 赤木 公成 土本 薫 平井 龍三 草加 勝康 三谷 一裕 北 昭一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器がん検診学会

雑誌

消化器集団検診 (ISSN:02876132)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1990, no.88, pp.12-18, 1990-09-15 (Released:2012-12-11)

参考文献数

23

著者

小林 世美

出版者

一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会

雑誌

日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.Supplement, pp.2937-2940, 1986-12-15 (Released:2011-05-09)

参考文献数

7

著者

Chang-Peng YANG Zhi-Rong NONG Jian-Lin LU Lu LU Jian-Shou XU Yun-Zhe HAN Ying-Jie LI Shuji FUJITA

出版者

社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.75-78, 2004 (Released:2007-05-18)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 10

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Occurrence of polyphenol oxidase (PPO, o-diphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC.1.10.3.1) in the fruits of nine cultivars of banana (Musa spp.) commercially cultivated in China was investigated. All banana fruits peel and pulp tested had PPO activity, and all PPO strongly oxidized dopamine and 3-hydroxytyramine (tyramine). However, very weak and/or no oxidative activity was recognized on such trihydroxybenzenes as phloroglucinol and gallic acid. Similar substrate specificity of PPOs toward phenolic compounds was detected in the pulp and peel of all banana cultivars tested. The specific PPO activities toward dopamine for pulp were between 5.11 and 25.72, and those of peel were between 6.75 and 26.86 units/mg protein. However, PPO activities toward dopamine in the pulp and peel of AAA and AA genome group bananas were higher than those of ABB and AAB groups. The changes of pulp and peel PPO activities during fruit development were also determined in the three banana cultivars. During this development a remarkable decrement in pulp and peel PPO activities was found in all banana cultivars used.

著者

太田 修司

出版者

日本基督教学会

雑誌

日本の神学 (ISSN:02854848)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1993, no.32, pp.68-88, 1993-10-05 (Released:2009-10-23)

参考文献数

23

著者

Jun Chen Mieko Sadakata Mayumi Ishida Naoto Sekizuka Mitsuko Sayama

出版者

東北ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.223, no.2, pp.97-102, 2011 (Released:2011-01-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

12 41

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Neonatal jaundice is a common physiological problem affecting over half of all full term and most preterm infants. Thus, newborn infants must be monitored for signs of hyperbilirubinemia to prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. Evidence exists supporting the benefits of baby massage as a form of mild hand to skin contact, to increase neonatal physical and mental development. In the present study, the effects of gentle baby massage on neonatal jaundice in full term newborn infants were evaluated by a controlled clinical trial. The inclusion criteria of newborn neonates were as follows: (1) gestational age of 37 ~ 41 weeks, (2) birth weight of 2,800 ~ 3,600 g, (3) Apgar score at birth of 8 ~ 10, and (4) being a healthy neonate without neonatal asphyxia and hemolytic condition. Breastfed newborns without phototherapy were included: 20 in the massage group and 22 in the control group. We found the mean stool frequency of the massaged infants on day 1 and day 2 (4.6 and 4.3) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.3 and 2.6) (p < 0.05). The transcutaneous bilirubin levels on the second to fifth day and serum total bilirubin levels on fourth day were significantly decreased in the massage group, compared to the control group. In conclusion, baby massage at an early stage after birth could reduce neonatal bilirubin levels. We suggest baby massage is beneficial for ameliorating neonatal jaundice.

著者

岩崎 久藏

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.425-434, 1940-05-20 (Released:2011-10-14)

参考文献数

15

著者

小久保 欣哉

出版者

一般社団法人日本PDA製薬学会

雑誌

日本PDA学術誌 GMPとバリデーション (ISSN:13444891)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.1-9, 2013 (Released:2013-08-31)

参考文献数

21

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本稿は,定量的な分析を通じて国内大手製薬企業の企業間合併と技術提携がイノベーションの本源的要因に与える影響について明らかにすることを目的としている。分析には,国内大手製薬企業を対象に質問票調査回答を得た 43 社の結果データを用いた。分析の結果,(1) 国内大手製薬企業の戦略として,R&D 投資と M&A の実施には代替的な関係がみられる一方,技術提携と M&A は補完的な関係が見られた。また,技術提携は技術機会を多様化させる効果を持つことが明らかになった。(2) 国内大手製薬企業間の M&A においては,専有可能性を重要視しており,規模を追求するために水平統合的な M&A を実施している。専有可能性を追求するうえでは,「特許での模倣防止」「特許でのロイヤリティ確保」「販売・サービスで有利構築」を重要視している。(3) 国内大手製薬企業間の合併・統合は,専有可能性を高める一方,技術機会の多様化は図れないというトレードオフな関係が見られている。(4) 国内大手製薬企業は,水平的 M&A に加えて,バイオ医薬品の獲得を目的とした垂直統合的な M&A を実施している,などの示唆が得られた。   本研究には,検討すべき多くの課題が依然として残されている。第 1 に,定量分析としては,サンプル数が 43 社に留まっていること。第 2 に,本研究でのイノベーションへの直接的影響や因果関係については推定の域を出ないということ。第 3 に,本研究対象企業の分析は一時点に留まり,M&A や技術提携後の当該企業のパフォーマンスに関する追求がなされていないことが挙げられる。

著者

小松 昭英

出版者

一般社団法人 経営情報学会

雑誌

経営情報学会 全国研究発表大会要旨集 2013年春季全国研究発表大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.161-164, 2013 (Released:2013-09-19)

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円高が過去のものになりつつあるが、外需依存の景気回復途上にあった我が国の多くの企業にとっては、耐え難い衝撃であった。にもかかわらず、その耐え難い衝撃にも耐えて業績を伸ばした企業もあった。しかし、それらの企業のほとんどが商業であった。何はともあれ、それらの企業のビジネスモデルがどのような経緯を経て成長してきたかを、時系列的に財務データを分析して、主要な有形資産(機械装置または工器具備品)と無形資産(ソフトウェア)の投資効果という財務視点から検証して、ビジネスデザインのベンチマークとする。

著者

鹿角 昌平

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.10, pp.628-633, 2012-10-10 (Released:2013-10-10)

参考文献数

9

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Although the importance of generic medicines has been increasing in recent years, knowledge about related intellectual property rights disputes is scarce, so the purpose of this study is to analyze disputed cases of intellectual property rights as a supply risk of generic medicines. With 57 analyzed cases, the right to seek injunction was accepted in 4 cases, but provisional execution was not accepted. Furthermore the right to seek injunction was actually executed in only 1 case. Therefore, there were disputed cases of intellectual property rights as a supply risk of generic medicines, but it was suggested that the risk is restricted.

著者

中沼 安二 佐藤 保則 中西 喜嗣

出版者

日本胆道学会

雑誌

胆道 (ISSN:09140077)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.592-598, 2012 (Released:2012-11-12)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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要旨:胆管内乳頭状腫瘍intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct(IPNB)は,肝内外の胆管内に発生する乳頭状腫瘍で,狭い線維性血管芯を中心とした病変であり,2010年WHOの消化器腫瘍分類の改訂で,胆管癌の前癌・早期癌病変として認知された.胆管壁内外へ浸潤し,通常の胆管癌へと進展する症例も知られている.そして,IPNBは,膵に見られる導管内乳頭状粘液性腫瘍IPMN,特に主膵管型に類似することが注目されている.最近,膵IPMNの分枝型に相当するIPNB症例が相次いで報告されている.これら分枝型IPNBはいずれも胆管周囲付属腺に病変の主座を置く病変であり,嚢胞状,特に瘤状あるいは憩室状の変化を示した.現時点で,分枝型IPNBとして報告されている病理像を解説し,その発生,進展機序を述べた.

著者

湯浅 将英 斎藤 恵一 武川 直樹

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.11, pp.1865-1870, 2007-11-01 (Released:2007-11-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2 3

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In this paper, we describe that brain activities associated with emoticons by using fMRI. In communication over a computer network, we use abstract faces such as computer graphics (CG) avatars and emoticons. These faces convey users' emotions and enrich their communications. However, the manner in which these faces influence the mental process is as yet unknown. The human brain may perceive the abstract face in an entirely different manner, depending on its level of reality. We conducted an experiment using fMRI in order to investigate the effects of emoticons. The results show that right inferior frontal gyrus, which associated with nonverbal communication, is activated by emoticons. Since the emoticons were created to reflect the real human facial expressions as accurately as possible, we believed that they would activate the right fusiform gyrus. However, this region was not found to be activated during the experiment. This finding is useful in understanding how abstract faces affect our behaviors and decision-making in communication over a computer network.

著者

鈴木 啓央 山本 裕二

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2013-1208, (Released:2013-06-20)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to quantify human dexterity by examining the movement involved in switching between forehand and backhand strokes when a ball moved from side to the other during table tennis. The hitting movements of expert and novice table tennis players were observed when balls were repeatedly moving in the same direction (periodic input condition) and when they were moving in two different directions successively (switching input condition). From the viewpoint of the switching dynamical system (Gohara and Okuyama, 1999a), the repeated movement under the periodic input condition was treated as an attractor, and the switching movement between strokes under the switching input condition was treated as transition of attractors. The dexterity with which movement were completed was quantified in terms of the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension was calculated according to Poincaré maps depicting the trajectories of the midpoint and angular velocities at the shoulder. Data from experts and novices almost reflected transitions of the third-order sequence effect, and the fractal dimensions included non-integers, which indicate that these fractal transitions had fractal properties. However, the fractal dimension of experts was lower than that of novices. The two output patterns corresponding to the two input patterns overlapped more for novices than for experts. The results suggest that the dexterity shown in switching movements can be quantified in terms of the fractal dimension based on the switching dynamical system.

著者

関根 好文

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.3, pp.494-501, 2013-03-01 (Released:2013-03-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 2

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Nonlinear electronic circuit is widely used in many fields of electronic devices. The importance of nonlinear electronic circuit is increasingly recognized with improvement in the speed and precision of electronic devices, and the development and expansion of use. Here, I give a trend of nonlinear electronic circuit which is introduced for the purpose of contributing to development of a nonlinear electronic circuit from a viewpoint of analog electronic circuit technology including new fields, such as chaos, neuro, and a neural network. From now on, nonlinear electronic circuit will become more important for the electronics, and the circuit technology will be utilized for many fields.

著者

杉原 貴彦 劉 欣 村田 剛志

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.67-76, 2013 (Released:2013-01-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

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Many real-world complex systems can be modeled as networks, and most of them exhibit community structures. Community detection from networks is one of the important topics in link mining. In order to evaluate the goodness of detected communities, Newman modularity is widely used. In real world, however, many complex systems can be modeled as signed networks composed of positive and negative edges. Community detection from signed networks is not an easy task, because the conventional detection methods for normal networks cannot be applied directly. In this paper, we extend Newman modularity for signed networks. We also propose a method for optimizing our modularity, which is an efficient hierarchical agglomeration algorithm for detecting communities from signed networks. Our method enables us to detect communities from large scale real-world signed networks which represent relationship between users on websites such as Wikipedia, Slashdot and Epinions.

著者

樋口 敏広

出版者

財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.163, pp.163_28-40, 2011-01-20 (Released:2013-05-10)

参考文献数

60

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In the 1950s, as the Cold War set in and nuclear arms race accelerated apace, the worldwide contamination by radioactive fallout from nuclear tests triggered a fierce controversy. The Eisenhower administration, whose pursuit of national security through nuclear superiority led to the production of environmental insecurity, sought to contain the latter through environmental monitoring and risk evaluation. Informed by the sociological theory of risk, this article interrogates Cold War America's nexus of scientific knowledge and political power that underpinned this first global environmental crisis of the Cold War.At the heart of the controversy was a much contested “proper perspective” of risk. Critics noted an absolute increase of harm by fallout and warned about the unknowns in its nature and scale. Washington, in contrast, emphasized the knowns, backed them up with its monopoly of monitoring data, and pushed the burden of proof upon the critics. It also adopted a comparative framework that mirrored the double-binding consensus of national security and high modernity, in which the risk from fallout appeared “negligible” compared to natural and artificial radiations, socially accepted risks, and benefits of atomic energy. The Eisenhower administration even pursued a technological solution of “cleaning up” nuclear bombs to justify the continuation of nuclear tests as well as to break an emerging taboo surrounding the use of nuclear explosives for war and peace.Cold War America's leadership in the risk evaluation in and out of the United States, however, proved to be far from absolute or static. The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, an all-powerful national security state institution which underwrote the government's safety assurances, suffered much from the growing public mistrust due to the embedded conflict of interests between promotion and regulation. The commission of a risk review to the National Academy of Sciences hardly helped the government when the British counterpart issued a more conservative report. At the United Nations, the Soviet Union became assertive in challenging the logic of America's risk judgment as its scientists were rebuilding the knowledge basis of radiation biology and genetics and absorbing an alternative risk perspective through their transnational communication with Western experts. The resultant shift of consensus toward a more conservative risk assessment, in turn, increasingly narrowed the latitude of test ban policy for the Eisenhower administration, which eventually decided to abandon an option of atmospheric tests in 1959. Beyond the test ban, the transformed consensus also led Washington to reconsider the fundamental promise of “peace through nuclear superiority”, ironically, in a way to reinforce it. In short, the fallout controversy revealed the dynamic co-evolution of risk knowledge and nuclear policy for Cold War America.

著者

Heidi Janssens Els Clays Bart De Clercq Dirk De Bacquer Lutgart Braeckman

出版者

(公社)日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.132-141, 2013 (Released:2013-10-04)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

9 49

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between sickness presenteeism and different types of future sickness absence in 2,983 Belgian middle-aged workers. Methods: Data were collected from 1,372 male and 1,611 female workers. Presenteeism was assessed by a single question, evaluating the frequency of occasions of going at work, despite illness, during the preceding year. Prospective, registered sickness absence data were collected during 12 months of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between presenteeism and short/long spells of absenteeism and high sickness absence frequency. Results: High rates (>5 times) of presenteeism at baseline were significantly and independently associated with both long spells of sickness absence (at least 15 consecutive sick leave days) (men, OR=2.73, 95% CI=1.24−6.03; women, OR=2.40, 95%CI=1.31−4.40) and short spells of sickness absence (sick leave between 1 and 3 days) (men, OR=2.38, 95%CI=1.25−4.51; women, OR=1.90, 95%CI=1.17−3.11) in both genders during one year follow-up. Moderate rates (2−5 times) of presenteeism were significantly associated with long spells of sickness absence only in the male group (OR=1.90, 95%CI= 1.21−2.97). With regard to high sickness frequency (at least 3 sick leave episodes), a significant and positive association with high rates of presenteeism was demonstrated only in the female workers (OR=2.38, 95%CI=1.40−4.04). Conclusions: These results suggest that presenteeism was related to different types of future sickness absence.(J Occup Health 2013; 55: 132−141)

著者

Masatoshi Kuribayashi Nam Jin Noh Taku M. Saitoh Ichiro Tamagawa Yasutaka Wakazuki Hiroyuki Muraoka

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.148-152, 2013 (Released:2013-10-11)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 8

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We estimated the snow water equivalent (SWE) of snowpack in central Japan from September 2006 to August 2008 by using a 3.3 km-mesh regional climate model with two land-surface models: Noah land-surface model (Noah LSM), and Noah land-surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah MP). The model validation for temporal variations of SWE at the Tohkamachi station and the comparison of modeled maximum SWE with estimated that from observed maximum snow depth at ten sites showed that Noah MP could simulate spatiotemporal variations of SWE better than Noah LSM which underestimated SWE. Simulated SWE in central Japan peaked in March, but the difference of SWE between the two land-surface models was greatest in April. SWE determined using Noah LSM (Noah MP) in analysis domain reached 18.1% (28.5%) of the total storage capacity of high dams in Japan in March 2007, whereas it reached 32.4% (44.1%) in March 2008. The difference of SWE between the two land-surface models was particularly high under warm conditions, that is, during the snowmelt season, and during a warmer than normal winter. Our results indicate that the choice of land-surface model for estimates of SWE is important under warm climatic conditions.

著者

Björn Roos Roland Lindh 長谷川 淳也 渥美 裕子

出版者

分子科学会

雑誌

Molecular Science (ISSN:18818404)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.A0046, 2012 (Released:2012-06-21)

著者

春間 賢 隅井 浩治 森川 章彦 上村 直実 忌部 明 木村 学 徳毛 健治 吉原 正治 豊島 仁 井上 和彦 松原 秀樹 梶山 梧朗 松本 隆允

出版者

一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会

雑誌

日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.4, pp.851-857, 1989 (Released:2007-12-26)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5 5

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胃底腺性過形成性ポリープ (胃底腺ポリープ) の胃酸分泌, 血清ガストリン値および血清ペプシノーゲン1 (PG1) 値について, 健常者と腺窩上皮性過形成性ポリープ (腺窩上皮ポリープ) の値と比較検討した. 胃酸分泌と血清PG1値は健常者と胃底腺ポリープでは差がなく, 腺窩上皮ポリープでは著しい低値を示した. 一方, 血清ガストリン値は, 健常者と比較すると, 胃底腺ポリープではやや低値を, 腺窩上皮ポリープでは著しい高値を示した. さらに, 組織学的な検討とあわせ, 胃底腺ポリープは過形成性ポリープの一つに分類されるが, 胃底腺に高度の萎縮をともなう腺窩上皮ポリープとは異なり, 萎縮のない胃底腺粘膜に発生していることを明らかとした.

著者

モンコンノラキット モンコン

出版者

日本消費者行動研究学会

雑誌

消費者行動研究 (ISSN:13469851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1-2, pp.53-74, 2003-03-31 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

36